East Bodish languages
Encyclopedia
The East Bodish languages are those Bodish languages
not covered by the name Tibetan, such as those spoken by the Monpa. They include:
The most divergent is Dakpa. Ethnologue also lists Chali and Nyen, which are much closer.
The distantly related Tshangla languages language of eastern Bhutan, also called "Monpa" and predating Dzongkha, also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman languages
. While the above East Bodish languages are closely related, Tshangla and related languages form a sister branch not to the East Bodish group, but to its parent Bodish branch
. Thus the ambiguous term "Monpa" risks separating languages that should be grouped together, while grouping languages together that are quite separate.
Bodish languages
The Bodish languages, named for the Tibetan ethnonym bod, are the Tibetan languages in a broad linguistic sense, regardless of whether the speakers are considered ethnically Tibetan. Different scholars divide Bodish differently, but the alternate term 'Tibetan' generally excludes East Bodish...
not covered by the name Tibetan, such as those spoken by the Monpa. They include:
- DakpaDakpa languageThe Dakpa language is an East Bodish language spoken by about 1,000 people in northern Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan, mainly in Chaleng, Phongmey, Yobinang, Dangpholeng and Lengkhar near Radhi. Van Driem describes Dakpa as the most divergent of Bhutan's East Bodish languages...
- DzalaDzala languageThe Dzala language, also called Dzalakha or Dzalamat, is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken in eastern Bhutan, in Lhuntse and Trashiyangtse Districts.- External links :**...
- BumthangBumthang languageThe Bumthang language is an East Bodish language spoken by about 36,500 people in Bumthang and surrounding districts in central Bhutan...
(KhengKurtöpKurtöp languageThe Kurtöp language is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken in the Kurtoe Gewog, Lhuntse District, Bhutan...
NupbiNupbi languageNupbikha is an East Bodish language spoken by about 2,200 people in central Bhutan.Historically, Nupbikha and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of Bumthangkha, Kurtöpkha, and Khengkha, nearby languages of central and eastern Bhutan, to the extent that they may be considered part of...
) - Tawang
- Black Mountain Monpa'OlekhaOlekha, also called the Black Mountain Monpa language, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about 1,000 people in the Black Mountains of the Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa Districts in western Bhutan. The term 'Ole refers to a clan of speakers....
('Olekha).
The most divergent is Dakpa. Ethnologue also lists Chali and Nyen, which are much closer.
The distantly related Tshangla languages language of eastern Bhutan, also called "Monpa" and predating Dzongkha, also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman languages
Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken thoughout the highlands of southeast Asia, as well as lowland areas in Burma ....
. While the above East Bodish languages are closely related, Tshangla and related languages form a sister branch not to the East Bodish group, but to its parent Bodish branch
Bodish languages
The Bodish languages, named for the Tibetan ethnonym bod, are the Tibetan languages in a broad linguistic sense, regardless of whether the speakers are considered ethnically Tibetan. Different scholars divide Bodish differently, but the alternate term 'Tibetan' generally excludes East Bodish...
. Thus the ambiguous term "Monpa" risks separating languages that should be grouped together, while grouping languages together that are quite separate.