Bodish languages
Encyclopedia
The Bodish languages, named for the Tibetan ethnonym bod, are the Tibetan languages in a broad linguistic sense, regardless of whether the speakers are considered ethnically Tibetan
. Different scholars divide Bodish differently, but the alternate term 'Tibetan' generally excludes East Bodish. Languages in this subgroup are spoken in Tibet
, North India
, Nepal
and Bhutan
.
Note that Bradley (1997) includes under the term 'Bodish' the West Himalayish
, Tshangla, and Tamangic languages
, making Bodish equivalent to the term 'Tibeto-Kanauri
' in other classifications. Within this grouping, he makes a clean break between East Bodish and Tibetan, as two unitary branches of Bodish.
Apart from the Tibetan languages the Bodic subbranch of Tibeto-Burman is probably among the least researched branches of Tibeto-Burman. Languages regarded as members of this family include Bumthang
(Michailovsky and Mazaudon 1994; van Driem 1995), Tshangla (Hoshi 1987; Andvik 1999), Dakpa
(Lu 1986; Sun et al. 1991), and Zhangzhung (Nagano and LaPolla 2001).
As for grammars of 'Monpa' there is Das Gupta (1968) and Lu (2002). Some papers on Kurtoep include Hyslop (2008a, 2008b, 2009).
Tibetan people
The Tibetan people are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet, which is mostly in the People's Republic of China. They number 5.4 million and are the 10th largest ethnic group in the country. Significant Tibetan minorities also live in India, Nepal, and Bhutan...
. Different scholars divide Bodish differently, but the alternate term 'Tibetan' generally excludes East Bodish. Languages in this subgroup are spoken in Tibet
Tibet
Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
, North India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
and Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
.
Note that Bradley (1997) includes under the term 'Bodish' the West Himalayish
West Himalayish languages
The West Himalayish languages, also known as Almora and Kanauric, are a family of Tibeto-Burman languages centered on Kanauri, in Himachal Pradesh and across the border into Nepal.The languages include:...
, Tshangla, and Tamangic languages
Tamangic languages
The Tamangic languages or TGTM languages are a family of Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in the Himalayas of Nepal.The languages ar:*Tamang *Gurung...
, making Bodish equivalent to the term 'Tibeto-Kanauri
Tibeto-Kanauri languages
The Tibeto-Kanauri languages, also called Bodish–Himalayish and Western Tibeto-Burman, are a proposed intermediate level of classification of the Tibeto-Burman languages, centered on the Tibetan and Kanauri languages...
' in other classifications. Within this grouping, he makes a clean break between East Bodish and Tibetan, as two unitary branches of Bodish.
Apart from the Tibetan languages the Bodic subbranch of Tibeto-Burman is probably among the least researched branches of Tibeto-Burman. Languages regarded as members of this family include Bumthang
Bumthang language
The Bumthang language is an East Bodish language spoken by about 36,500 people in Bumthang and surrounding districts in central Bhutan...
(Michailovsky and Mazaudon 1994; van Driem 1995), Tshangla (Hoshi 1987; Andvik 1999), Dakpa
Dakpa language
The Dakpa language is an East Bodish language spoken by about 1,000 people in northern Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan, mainly in Chaleng, Phongmey, Yobinang, Dangpholeng and Lengkhar near Radhi. Van Driem describes Dakpa as the most divergent of Bhutan's East Bodish languages...
(Lu 1986; Sun et al. 1991), and Zhangzhung (Nagano and LaPolla 2001).
As for grammars of 'Monpa' there is Das Gupta (1968) and Lu (2002). Some papers on Kurtoep include Hyslop (2008a, 2008b, 2009).