Dukes of Medina Sidonia
Encyclopedia
The dukes of Medina Sidonia are grandee
s of Spain
, holding the oldest dukedom extant in the kingdom, first awarded by King John II of Castile
in 1455. They were once the most prominent magnate family of the Andalusia
n region, the most well-known of which, Don
Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia
, commanded the Spanish Armada
at the end of the 16th century.
Grandee
Grandee is the word used to render in English the Iberic high aristocratic title Grande , used by the Spanish nobility; Portuguese nobility, and Brazilian nobility....
s of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, holding the oldest dukedom extant in the kingdom, first awarded by King John II of Castile
John II of Castile
John II was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454.He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Catherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile.-Regency:He succeeded his father on 25 December 1406, at the age of...
in 1455. They were once the most prominent magnate family of the Andalusia
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
n region, the most well-known of which, Don
Don (honorific)
Don, from Latin dominus, is an honorific in Spanish , Portuguese , and Italian . The female equivalent is Doña , Dona , and Donna , abbreviated "Dª" or simply "D."-Usage:...
Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia
Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia
Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y de Zúñiga-Sotomayor, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, , Grandee of Spain, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece since 1581, was the commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armada....
, commanded the Spanish Armada
Spanish Armada
This article refers to the Battle of Gravelines, for the modern navy of Spain, see Spanish NavyThe Spanish Armada was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England to stop English...
at the end of the 16th century.
List of Counts of Niebla, 1369—1445
| From | To | Count of Niebla |
|---|---|---|
| ca. 1369 | 1396 | Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Count of Niebla Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Count of Niebla Don Juan Alonso de Guzmán y Cabrera, 1st Count of Niebla Don Juan Alonso de Guzmán y Cabrera, 1st Count of Niebla (20 December 1342 – 5 October 1396) Don Juan Alonso de Guzmán y Cabrera, 1st Count of Niebla (20 December 1342 – 5 October 1396) (Sp.:Juan Alonso de Guzmán y Cabrera, conde de Niebla]]... |
| 1396 | 1436 | Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Niebla Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 2nd Count de Niebla Don Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y de Castilla, 2nd Count of Niebla was a Spanish nobleman and military figure of the Reconquista.... |
| 1436 | 1468 | Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 3rd Count of Niebla Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Alonso de Guzmán y Suárez de Figueroa Orozco, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia and 3rd Count de Niebla was a Spanish nobleman and military figure of the Reconquista.... |
List of Dukes of Medina Sidonia, 1445—Present
| From | To | Duke of Medina Sidonia |
|---|---|---|
| 1445 | 1468 | Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Alonso de Guzmán y Suárez de Figueroa Orozco, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia and 3rd Count de Niebla was a Spanish nobleman and military figure of the Reconquista.... |
| 1468 | 1492 | Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia Don Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Meneses, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia , became the 2nd Duke in 1468. Born out of wedlock his birth was later legitimized by the "Reyes Católicos" Ferdinand and Isabella, and consequently the right to inherit the title. He participated in the Conquest of the Emirate of... |
| 1492 | 1507 | Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia Don Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán y Afán de Ribera, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia inherited the title in 1492, aged 28. In 1502, as Gibraltar was transferred to the Crown, the Marquisate of Gibraltar disappeared.... |
| 1507 | 1512 | Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Medina Sidonia Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Medina Sidonia Don Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Fernández de Velasco, 4th Duke of Medina Sidonia was the son of Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia. He was Duke of Medina Sidonia from 1507. No issue by his wife María Téllez Girón.... |
| 1512 | 1549 | Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 5th Duke of Medina Sidonia Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 5th Duke of Medina Sidonia Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán y de Guzmán-Zúñiga, 5th Duke of Medina Sidonia was the son of Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia and became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1512 when his half brother, Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Medina Sidonia died childless.Declared "impotent and... |
| 1549 | 1559 | Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán y de Guzmán-Zúñiga, 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia was the son of Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia, half brother of Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Medina Sidonia, and the brother of Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 5th Duke of Medina Sidonia... |
| 1559 | 1615 | Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia |
| 1615 | 1636 | Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán y Silva , was a Spanish noble and 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia.He was the son of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armada and Ana de Silva y Mendoza, daughter of Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Éboli.He married in 1598, aged... |
| 1636 | 1664 | Gaspar Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia Gaspar Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia Gaspar Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán y Sandoval, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1636, upon the death of Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia.... |
| 1664 | 1667 | Gaspar Juan Pérez de Guzmán, 10th Duke of Medina Sidonia Gaspar Juan Pérez de Guzmán, 10th Duke of Medina Sidonia Gaspar Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Guzmán, 10th Duke of Medina Sidonia was Duke of Medina Sidonia from 1664 to 1667. He died without issue, and the title passed to his younger half brother.... |
| 1667 | 1713 | Juan Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 11th Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 11th Duke of Medina Sidonia Juan Claros Pérez de Guzmán y Fernández de Córdoba, 11th Duke of Medina Sidonia became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1667 upon the death of his half-brother Gaspar Juan Pérez de Guzmán, 10th Duke of Medina Sidonia.... |
| 1713 | 1721 | Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 12th Duke of Medina Sidonia Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 12th Duke of Medina Sidonia Manuel Pérez de Guzmán y Pimentel, 12th Duke of Medina Sidonia became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1713.He was married in 1687, aged 16, to the 7-year-old Luisa Maria de Silva Mendoza, but the marriage was consummated only in 1695, when she was around 15, by traditional standards of the time... |
| 1721 | 1739 | Domingo José Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 13th Duke of Medina Sidonia Domingo José Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 13th Duke of Medina Sidonia Domingo José Claros Pérez de Guzmán y de Silva, 13th Duke of Medina Sidonia became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1721.In 1722, he married Josefa Fenicula López Pacheco y Moscoso-Osorio, a daughter of Mercurio Antonio López Pacheco y Portugal, 9th Marqués de Villena, 9th Duke of Escalona, Grandee of... |
| 1739 | 1779 | Pedro de Alcántara Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 14th Duke of Medina Sidonia Pedro de Alcántara Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 14th Duke of Medina Sidonia Pedro de Alcántara Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Lopez-Pacheco, 14th Duke of Medina Sidonia became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1739.... |
| 1779 | 1796 | José María Álvarez de Toledo, 15th Duke of Medina Sidonia |
| 1796 | 1821 | Francisco de Borja Álvarez de Toledo, 16th Duke of Medina Sidonia Francisco de Borja Álvarez de Toledo, 16th Duke of Medina Sidonia Francisco de Borja Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga, 16th Duke of Medina Sidonia inherited the title of Duke of Medina Sidonia from his elder brother José María Álvarez de Toledo, 15th Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1796.... |
| 1821 | 1867 | Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 17th Duke of Medina Sidonia |
| 1867 | 1900 | José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia Don José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo y Silva, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia, 14th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo, 14th Marquis of los Vélez, 12th Duke of Fernandina, 13th Marquis of Molina and 22nd Count of Niebla, Grandee of Spain, Knight of the Reales Maestranzas de Caballería de Valencia and... |
| 1905 | 1915 | José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 19th Duke of Medina Sidonia José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 19th Duke of Medina Sidonia José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, 19th Duke of Medina Sidonia was Duke of Medina Sidonia from 1905.In Madrid in 1893 he married his cousin Rosalía Caro y Caro.... |
| 1915 | 1955 | Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 20th Duke of Medina Sidonia Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 20th Duke of Medina Sidonia José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, 20th Duke of Medina Sidonia became Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1915.He married in Biarritz, France, María del Carmen Maura, a daughter of Gabriel Maura Gamazo, 1st Duke of Maura, the son of Antonio Maura, a Prime Minister of the Spanish Crown.... |
| 1955 | 2008 | Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia |
| 2008 | Present | Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia Don Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio y Álvarez de Toledo, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia, Grandee of Spain is a Spanish aristocrat and historian. Born in Madrid, Medina Sidonia is the eldest son of Leoncio González de Gregorio y Martí and his wife Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of... |
See also
- The concession on almadrabaAlmadrabaAlmadraba tuna is tuna caught by an elaborate and age-old Andalusian technique of setting nets in a maze that leads to a central pool called "copo". In Sicily, the mazes of nets, and also the places where the nets are set are called Tonnara, and the overall method of capturing the fishes is called...
s (tunaTunaTuna is a salt water fish from the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Tuna are fast swimmers, and some species are capable of speeds of . Unlike most fish, which have white flesh, the muscle tissue of tuna ranges from pink to dark red. The red coloration derives from myoglobin, an...
traps along the Mediterranean coast) was one of the sources of the fortune of the Medina Sidonias. - House of OlivaresHouse of OlivaresThe House of Olivares is a Spanish noble house originating in the Crown of Castile. It is a cadet branch of the House of Medina Sidonia, originating in the sixteenth century. Historically, the house possessed the lordships of Olivares, Seville; Heliche; Albaida del Aljarafe; Camas, Seville;...
External links
- Dukes of Medina Sidonia
- Libro d'Oro della Nobilita Mediterranea
- Grandes de Espana
- House of Medina Sidonia Foundation
- List of Arabic and Spanish names for Iberian cities and places
- Casa de Medina-Sidonia
- A Silent Minority: Deaf Education in Spain, 1550–1835
- Library of Congress: Index to the Enciclopedia Heráldica Hispano-Americana of Alberto and Arturo García Carraffa