Drosera sect. Stolonifera
Encyclopedia
Drosera sect. Stolonifera is a section
of nine or ten tuber
ous perennial
species in the genus Drosera that are endemic to south-west Western Australia
. The species all have a similar growth habit and all have fan-shaped leaves, but the morphological differences and lack of natural hybrids support the division of the D. stolonifera
species complex
.
in the Swan River
region in 1833. D. stolonifera was formally described by Stephan Endlicher in 1837. Johann Georg Christian Lehmann
followed that with two more species in 1844: D. ramellosa
and D. porrecta
. In 1848, Jules Émile Planchon
organized these three species under section Ergaleium
series Erythrorhizae subseries Stoloniferae (initially spelled Stolmiferae). Planchon also added the species D. humilis
and D. penduliflora (later reduced to synonymy under D. ramellosa) to the new subseries. D. platypoda
was added in 1854 by Nicolai Stepanovitch Turczaninow
and D. purpurascens
, described by August Friedrich Schlotthauber followed in 1856. In 1864, George Bentham
reorganized the species under section Ergaleium, recognized fewer taxa, and suggested the reclassification of D. humilis as a variety of D. stolonifera. In 1906, Ludwig Diels
took Bentham's suggestion and reduced D. humilis to the variety rank. In Diels' monograph
of the family, he reorganized the species in this section into subgenus
Ergaleium
section Erythrorhiza.
The next new member of the section came when Larry Eugene DeBuhr described D. fimbriata
in 1975. Two years later DeBuhr re-evaluated the classification of subgenus Ergaleium and established the current three sections and also formally established the current section Stolonifera, which was based on Planchon's subseries Stoloniferae. At this point, section Stolonifera contained four species: D. fimbriata, D. platypoda, D. ramellosa, and D. stolonifera.
In 1982, N. G. Marchant
's treatment of the section included DeBuhr's four species but also four subspecies of D. stolonifera. Subsequent publications identified three additional subspecies of D. stolonifera, two of which were new taxa. Allen Lowrie
, one of the coauthors of some of those subspecies, elevated all of the D. stolonifera subspecies to species rank, bringing the total number of species in the section to ten. In his 2005 revision of the section, however, he neglected to include a full basionym
citation when elevating D. stolonifera subsp. monticola
to D. monticola, thus rendering the new species name invalid due to Article 33.4 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Therefore the section currently has nine species with two accepted subspecies of D. stolonifera, which includes the autonym
D. stolonifera subsp. stolonifera.
Section (botany)
In botany, a section is a taxonomic rank below the genus, but above the species. The subgenus, if present, is higher than the section, and the rank of series, if present, is below the section. Sections are typically used to help organise very large genera, which may have hundreds of species...
of nine or ten tuber
Tuber
Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to survive the winter or dry months and provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing season and they are a means of asexual reproduction...
ous perennial
Perennial plant
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter lived annuals and biennials. The term is sometimes misused by commercial gardeners or horticulturalists to describe only herbaceous perennials...
species in the genus Drosera that are endemic to south-west Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
. The species all have a similar growth habit and all have fan-shaped leaves, but the morphological differences and lack of natural hybrids support the division of the D. stolonifera
Drosera stolonifera
Drosera stolonifera, sometimes referred to as the leafy sundew, is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces 2 to 3 semi-erect lateral stems that grow 10 to 15 cm long. It is most closely related to D. purpurascens, but differs by...
species complex
Cryptic species complex
In biology, a cryptic species complex is a group of species which satisfy the biological definition of species—that is, they are reproductively isolated from each other—but whose morphology is very similar ....
.
Taxonomy
The first species in the section was discovered by Charles von HügelCharles von Hügel
Charles von Hügel was an Austrian army officer, diplomat, botanist and explorer, now primarily remembered for his travels in northern India during the 1830s...
in the Swan River
Swan River (Western Australia)
The Swan River estuary flows through the city of Perth, in the south west of Western Australia. Its lower reaches are relatively wide and deep, with few constrictions, while the upper reaches are usually quite narrow and shallow....
region in 1833. D. stolonifera was formally described by Stephan Endlicher in 1837. Johann Georg Christian Lehmann
Johann Georg Christian Lehmann
Johann Georg Christian Lehmann was a German botanist.Born at Haselau, near Uetersen, Holstein, Lehmann studied medicine in Copenhagen and Göttingen, obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1813 and a doctorate in philosophy from he University of Jena in 1814...
followed that with two more species in 1844: D. ramellosa
Drosera ramellosa
Drosera ramellosa, sometimes referred to as the branched sundew, is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces 1 to 3 erect stems that grow to 4 to 12 cm tall...
and D. porrecta
Drosera porrecta
Drosera porrecta is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows up to 45 cm tall. It is native to a region from Eneabba and Marchagee south to an area around Pinjarra, including the Darling Range and Mount Cooke...
. In 1848, Jules Émile Planchon
Jules Émile Planchon
Jules Émile Planchon was a French botanist born in Ganges, Hérault.-Biography:After receiving his Doctorate of Science at the University of Montpellier in 1844, he worked for a while at the Royal Botanical Gardens in London, and for a few years was a teacher in Nancy and Ghent...
organized these three species under section Ergaleium
Drosera sect. Ergaleium
Drosera sect. Ergaleium is a section of 26 species that are erect or scrambling tuberous plants in the genus Drosera. This section represents a natural group and are taxonomically monophyletic....
series Erythrorhizae subseries Stoloniferae (initially spelled Stolmiferae). Planchon also added the species D. humilis
Drosera humilis
Drosera humilis is a perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It has 3 to 5 semi-erect stems that are 3 to 15 cm long with carnivorous leaves arranged in whorls around the stems. It is native to a region from the Moore River north to Kalbarri and...
and D. penduliflora (later reduced to synonymy under D. ramellosa) to the new subseries. D. platypoda
Drosera platypoda
Drosera platypoda, the fan-leaved sundew, is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to south-west Western Australia. It grows 15 to 20 cm tall with a basal rosette of leaves with alternate cauline leaves along the stem. It is native to a region from Manjimup...
was added in 1854 by Nicolai Stepanovitch Turczaninow
Nicolai Stepanovitch Turczaninow
Porphir Kiril Nicolai Stepanowitsch Turczaninow was a Ukrainian-Russian botanist who first identified several genera, and many species of plants...
and D. purpurascens
Drosera purpurascens
Drosera purpurascens is a compact tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to south-west Western Australia. It produces 1 erect or 2 to 5 semi-erect lateral stems that grow to 3 to 10 cm long. The compact size of the plant combined with relatively long petioles...
, described by August Friedrich Schlotthauber followed in 1856. In 1864, George Bentham
George Bentham
George Bentham CMG FRS was an English botanist, characterized by Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century".- Formative years :...
reorganized the species under section Ergaleium, recognized fewer taxa, and suggested the reclassification of D. humilis as a variety of D. stolonifera. In 1906, Ludwig Diels
Ludwig Diels
Dr. Friedrich Ludwig Emil Diels , was a German botanist.Diels was born in Hamburg, the son of the classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels. From 1900 to 1902 he traveled together with Ernst Pritzel through South Africa, Java, Australia and New Zealand. Shortly before the first world war he...
took Bentham's suggestion and reduced D. humilis to the variety rank. In Diels' monograph
Monograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
of the family, he reorganized the species in this section into subgenus
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...
Ergaleium
Drosera subg. Ergaleium
Drosera subg. Ergaleium, collectively known as the tuberous sundews, is a subgenus of three sections of tuberous species in the genus Drosera...
section Erythrorhiza.
The next new member of the section came when Larry Eugene DeBuhr described D. fimbriata
Drosera fimbriata
Drosera fimbriata, the manypeaks sundew, is a perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows to 10 to 15 cm tall with two or three whorls of non-carnivorous leaves on the lower portion of the stem and 2 to 5 whorls of carnivorous leaves above that...
in 1975. Two years later DeBuhr re-evaluated the classification of subgenus Ergaleium and established the current three sections and also formally established the current section Stolonifera, which was based on Planchon's subseries Stoloniferae. At this point, section Stolonifera contained four species: D. fimbriata, D. platypoda, D. ramellosa, and D. stolonifera.
In 1982, N. G. Marchant
N. G. Marchant
Neville Graeme Marchant is a retired Western Australian botanist. He was formerly the Director of the Western Australian Herbarium.Marchant began working for the Western Australian Herbarium at the age of 15, as a laboratory assistant to Government Botanist Charles Gardner. Later he attended the...
's treatment of the section included DeBuhr's four species but also four subspecies of D. stolonifera. Subsequent publications identified three additional subspecies of D. stolonifera, two of which were new taxa. Allen Lowrie
Allen Lowrie
Allen Lowrie is a West Australian botanist. He is living in Duncraig, a Perth suburb, is married and has two daughters.Lowrie, originally a businessman and inventor, got in contact with the carnivorous flora of western Australia in the late sixties and worked on it as an amateur...
, one of the coauthors of some of those subspecies, elevated all of the D. stolonifera subspecies to species rank, bringing the total number of species in the section to ten. In his 2005 revision of the section, however, he neglected to include a full basionym
Basionym
Basionym is a term used in botany, regulated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature...
citation when elevating D. stolonifera subsp. monticola
Drosera stolonifera subsp. monticola
Drosera stolonifera subsp. monticola, invalidly referred to as Drosera monticola, is a perennial carnivorous plant subspecies in the genus Drosera, the sundews. This specific subspecies is endemic to a single mountain range in Western Australia.D. stolonifera subsp...
to D. monticola, thus rendering the new species name invalid due to Article 33.4 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Therefore the section currently has nine species with two accepted subspecies of D. stolonifera, which includes the autonym
Autonym (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature . Autonyms are cited without an author. Relevant provisions are in articles 6.8, 22.1-3 and 26.1-3....
D. stolonifera subsp. stolonifera.
Species
- Drosera fimbriataDrosera fimbriataDrosera fimbriata, the manypeaks sundew, is a perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows to 10 to 15 cm tall with two or three whorls of non-carnivorous leaves on the lower portion of the stem and 2 to 5 whorls of carnivorous leaves above that...
DeBuhr - Drosera humilisDrosera humilisDrosera humilis is a perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It has 3 to 5 semi-erect stems that are 3 to 15 cm long with carnivorous leaves arranged in whorls around the stems. It is native to a region from the Moore River north to Kalbarri and...
Planch. - Drosera platypodaDrosera platypodaDrosera platypoda, the fan-leaved sundew, is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to south-west Western Australia. It grows 15 to 20 cm tall with a basal rosette of leaves with alternate cauline leaves along the stem. It is native to a region from Manjimup...
Turcz. - Drosera porrectaDrosera porrectaDrosera porrecta is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows up to 45 cm tall. It is native to a region from Eneabba and Marchagee south to an area around Pinjarra, including the Darling Range and Mount Cooke...
Lehm. - Drosera prostrataDrosera prostrataDrosera prostrata is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces 4 to 5 prostrate lateral stems that are 3.5 to 15 cm long. The prostrate growth habit is what sets it apart from all other members of the section Stolonifera...
(N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie - Drosera purpurascensDrosera purpurascensDrosera purpurascens is a compact tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to south-west Western Australia. It produces 1 erect or 2 to 5 semi-erect lateral stems that grow to 3 to 10 cm long. The compact size of the plant combined with relatively long petioles...
Schlotth. - Drosera ramellosaDrosera ramellosaDrosera ramellosa, sometimes referred to as the branched sundew, is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces 1 to 3 erect stems that grow to 4 to 12 cm tall...
Lehm. - Drosera rupicolaDrosera rupicolaDrosera rupicola is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces 3 to 5 semi-erect lateral stems that grow up to 15 cm long. The turbinate tuber and mobile lamina that are capable of folding over prey distinguish it from all other members...
(N.G.Marchant) Lowrie - Drosera stoloniferaDrosera stoloniferaDrosera stolonifera, sometimes referred to as the leafy sundew, is a tuberous perennial species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces 2 to 3 semi-erect lateral stems that grow 10 to 15 cm long. It is most closely related to D. purpurascens, but differs by...
Endl.- Drosera stolonifera subsp. monticolaDrosera stolonifera subsp. monticolaDrosera stolonifera subsp. monticola, invalidly referred to as Drosera monticola, is a perennial carnivorous plant subspecies in the genus Drosera, the sundews. This specific subspecies is endemic to a single mountain range in Western Australia.D. stolonifera subsp...
Lowrie & N.G.Marchant - Drosera stolonifera subsp. stolonifera Endl.
- Drosera stolonifera subsp. monticola