Dihydropyridines
Encyclopedia
Dihydropyridine is a molecule based upon pyridine
, and the parent of a class of molecules that have been semi-saturated
with two substituent
s replacing one double bond
. They are particularly well known in pharmacology
as L-type calcium channel
blockers.
Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one C-H group replaced by a nitrogen atom...
, and the parent of a class of molecules that have been semi-saturated
Degree of unsaturation
The degree of unsaturation formula is used in organic chemistry to help draw chemical structures. The formula lets the user determine how many rings, double bonds, and triple bonds are present in the compound to be drawn...
with two substituent
Substituent
In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon...
s replacing one double bond
Double bond
A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two. The most common double bond, that between two carbon atoms, can be found in alkenes. Many types of double bonds between two different elements exist, for example in...
. They are particularly well known in pharmacology
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function...
as L-type calcium channel
L-type calcium channel
The L-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. "L" stands for long-lasting referring to the length of activation. Like the others of this class, the α1 subunit is the one that determines most of the channel's properties....
blockers.
Class members
The L-type calcium channel blockers include, in alphabetical order (brand names vary in different countries):| Name | Image | Brand name | Discovered |
| Amlodipine Amlodipine Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina... |
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Norvasc, Istin | |
| Aranidipine Aranidipine Aranidipine is a calcium channel blocker.... |
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| Azelnidipine Azelnidipine Azelnidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.It is sold in Japan by Daiichi-Sankyo pharmaceuticals, Inc.... |
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| Barnidipine Barnidipine Barnidipine is a calcium channel blocker.... |
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| Benidipine Benidipine Benidipine , also known as Benidipinum or benidipine hydrochloride, is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for the treatment of high blood pressure .- Availability :Benidipine is sold as Coniel by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo.... |
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| Cilnidipine Cilnidipine Cilnidipine is a calcium channel blocker. It is sold as 'Atelec' in Japan, and as 'Cilacar' in India as 5 mg and 10 mg tablets.... |
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| Clevidipine Clevidipine Clevidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker indicated for the reduction of blood pressure when oral therapy is not feasible or not desirable.... |
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| Cronidipine | |||
| Darodipine Darodipine Darodipine is a calcium channel blocker.... |
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| Dexniguldipine | |||
| Efonidipine Efonidipine Efonidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker marketed by Shionogi & Co. of Japan. It was launched in 1995, under the brand name Landel.It has also been studied in atherosclerosis and acute renal failure.-References:... |
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| Elnadipine | |||
| Elgodipine | |||
| Felodipine Felodipine Felodipine is a calcium channel blocker , a drug used to control hypertension . It is marketed under the brand name Plendil by AstraZeneca and Renedil by Sanofi-Aventis... |
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| Flordipine | |||
| Furnidipine | |||
| Iganidipine | |||
| Isradipine Isradipine Isradipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure in order to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack... |
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| Lacidipine Lacidipine Lacidipine is a calcium channel blocker. It is available as tablets containing 2 or 4 mg.- External links :* Summary of Product Characteristics* Summary of Product Characteristics... |
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| Lemildipine | |||
| Lercanidipine Lercanidipine Lercanidipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class.It is sold under various commercial names including Zanidip,which works by relaxing and opening the blood vessels allowing the blood to circulate more freely around the body. This lowers the blood pressure and allows the heart... |
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Zanidip | |
| Manidipine Manidipine Manidipine is a calcium channel blocker that is used clinically as an antihypertensiveCurrently Manidipine is marketed by:... |
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| Mesuldipine | |||
| Nicardipine Nicardipine Nicardipine hydrochloride is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and angina. It belongs to the class of calcium channel blockers.... |
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Cardene | |
| Nifedipine Nifedipine Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker... |
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Adalat, Nifedical, Procardia | |
| Niguldipine Niguldipine Niguldipine is a calcium channel blocker and a1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.... |
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| Nimodipine Nimodipine Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker originally developed for the treatment of high blood pressure... |
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Nimotop | |
| Niludipine | |||
| Nilvadipine Nilvadipine Nilvadipine is a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of hypertension and chronic major cerebral artery occlusion.Pathohistochemical studies have revealed that the volume of the infarction in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model could be decreased by nilvadipine.Nilvadipine was... |
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| Nisoldipine Nisoldipine Nisoldipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It sold in the United States under the proprietary name Sular. Nisoldipine has tropism for cardiac blood vessels.... |
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Sular | |
| Nitrendipine Nitrendipine Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of primary hypertension to decrease blood pressure.... |
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| Olradipine | |||
| Oxodipine Oxodipine Oxodipine is a calcium channel blocker.... |
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| Palonidipine | |||
| Pranidipine Pranidipine Pranidipine is a calcium channel blocker.... |
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| Sagandipine | |||
| Sornidipine | |||
| Teludipine | |||
| Tiamdipine | |||
| Trombodipine | |||
| Watanidipine | |||