Detroit Public Schools
Encyclopedia
Detroit Public Schools is a school district
School district
School districts are a form of special-purpose district which serves to operate the local public primary and secondary schools.-United States:...

 that covers all of the city of Detroit, Michigan
Michigan
Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. The student population of the Detroit Public Schools is about 65,971 (2011–12), which is down about 9.7% from the previous school year. Detroit Public Charter Schools educate an additional 56,000 students for a combined total of approximately 122,000. The district has its headquarters in the Fisher Building
Fisher Building
The Fisher Building is an ornate Art Deco skyscraper located on the corner of West Grand Boulevard and Second Avenue in the heart of the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan. It is constructed of limestone, granite, and several types of marble, and was financed by the Fisher family with proceeds...

 of the New Center area of Detroit.

History

Detroit Public Schools has grown in area with the city. Some of the schools in the district began as part of other school districts, such as various Greenfield Township
Greenfield Township, Michigan
Greenfield is a former civil township of Wayne County, Michigan; it was created from a portion of neighboring Springwells Township in 1833. Greenfield eventually encompassed the survey township T1S R11E....

 and Springwells Township districts before these districts were made part of the Detroit Public Schools as the areas they covered were annexed to the city of Detroit.

In 1917, the board membership was changed from ward-based to at-large elections.

In 1999, the Michigan Legislature
Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the legislative assembly of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body consisting of the Senate, the upper house, and the House of Representatives, the lower house. Article IV of the state's Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the...

 removed the locally elected board of education amid allegations of mismanagement and replaced it with a reform board appointed by the mayor and governor. The elected board of education returned following a city referendum in 2005. The first election of the new eleven member board of education, with four chosen at-large and seven by district, occurred on November 8, 2005.

Before the district occupied the Fisher Building, its headquarters were in the Macabees Building in Midtown Detroit. The district paid the owner of the Fisher Building
Fisher Building
The Fisher Building is an ornate Art Deco skyscraper located on the corner of West Grand Boulevard and Second Avenue in the heart of the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan. It is constructed of limestone, granite, and several types of marble, and was financed by the Fisher family with proceeds...

 $24.1 million in 2002 so the district could occupy five floors in the building. This was more than the owner of the Fisher Building paid to buy the building one year earlier. The district's emergency financial manager, Robert Bobb, said in 2009 that he was investigating how the school board agreed to the lease in the Fisher Building. Reginald Turner, who served on Detroit School Board from 2000 to 2003, said that he was told that it would be less expensive to occupy the Fisher Building than it would to remodel the Maccabees Building.

Student achievement

In 2007, State officials report a 68 percent graduation rate for Detroit's public schools, adjusted for those who change schools. In 2008, it was reported that the high school graduation rate was 24.9 percent. On February 14, 2009, the Detroit Free Press reported that United States Secretary of Education
United States Secretary of Education
The United States Secretary of Education is the head of the Department of Education. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet, and 16th in line of United States presidential line of succession...

 Arne Duncan
Arne Duncan
Arne Duncan is an American education administrator and currently United States Secretary of Education. Duncan previously served as CEO of the Chicago Public Schools.-Early years and personal:...

 had concern over the quality of education Detroit children are receiving. A spokesman later stated that Duncan had no specific plans for Detroit.

Cass Technical High School
Cass Technical High School
The Cass Tech Technicians football team is a high school football program in Division 1 Public School League, representing the prestigious Cass Technical High School in Detroit, MI. Cass Tech High School has long been recognized nationwide for its extraordinary football program dating back to its...

, Renaissance High School
Renaissance High School
Renaissance High School is a public high school located within the city of Detroit, Michigan. Renaissance is one of four magnet high schools in the Detroit Public Schools district .Founded in 1978 on the previous site of Catholic Central High School, Renaissance's first...

, and Detroit School of Arts
Detroit School of Arts
The Detroit School of Arts, originally known as the Detroit School for the Fine and Performing Arts, is a blue ribbon high school located in Detroit, Michigan....

 rank highly both statewide and nationallly. However, at many schools some students still do not meet adequate yearly academic progress requirements. Students that fail to meet those requirements struggle in both language and mathematics.

A team of DPS students from Western International High School
Western International High School
Western International High School is a secondary educational facility, located across from Clark Park, within southwest Detroit's Mexicantown. Western is operated by the Detroit Public Schools system....

 and Murray-Wright High School took second place out of 552 teams from 25 countries in a robotics competition in Atlanta, Georgia
Atlanta, Georgia
Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 census, Atlanta's population is 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest metropolitan area in...

. DPS students, most notably Bates Academy students, did well at the 42nd annual Academic Olympics in Eatonton, Georgia, winning many honors. The Duffield elementary and middle school chess teams both finished first in the 2007 statewide competition, and performed well in the national competition. At a previous Annual National Academic Games Olympics, DPS students won 25 individual and 20 team first place awards.

Detroit Charter Schools

Detroit has public charter school
Charter school
Charter schools are primary or secondary schools that receive public money but are not subject to some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth in each school's charter...

 system with about 54,000 Detroit students (2009–10). When charter school and Detroit Public Schools enrollments are combined, the total number of children in public schools in Detroit has increased. If growth trends continue, Detroit's charter schools enrollment will outpace the Detroit Public Schools by 2015.

Officials at the Detroit Public Schools and Detroit Federation of Teachers oppose the expansion of charter schools. A previous plan for 15 new charter high schools was scuttled. Philanthropist Bob Thompson is backing a new University Preparatory Academy High School.

University Preparatory Academy are elementary, middle, and high schools which have shown test scores above averages for Detroit Public Schools. Their goal is to graduate 90% of incoming freshmen and have 90% of those graduates go on to college. They intend to meet that goal for the first time this year. They pay for ACT college admissions tests, there are no bells between classes. They lease a building from philanthropist Bob Thompson for $1.00 per year on condition of meeting student performance goals. However, these scores are below high performing DHS schools with selective enrollment such as Bates Academy, Burton International and Renaissance High School.

Follow up studies of the University Prep Academy class of 2007 shows that at least 90% went on to college, 83% of those who attended a four year university re-enrolled for a second year, and 57% of those who attended a two year college re-enrolled for a second year, beating national re-enrollment averages of 73% and 45% respectively.

There have been significant calls for the Detroit Public Schools to cooperate more with charters, including renting unused schools to charters. In May 2008, the DPS board renewed contracts with six charter schools for two years. DPS leases some closed school buildings to charter school operators.

Leadership

Superintendent

In March 2007, the DPS board removed Superintendent William Coleman, replaced him with Dr. Connie Calloway as its new superintendent on a $280,000 yearly salary, and made Lamont Satchel as Interim Superintendent. Coleman was still paid for the remainder of his contract.

Dr. Connie Calloway was removed after 18 months after accusations by the school board that she was behaving unprofessionally and exercising poor judgment. She is fighting that decision.

Emergency Financial Manager

Currently all financial matters are under the sole control of Robert Bobb
Robert Bobb
Robert C. Bobb is an appointed official who has been the Emergency Financial Manager for the Detroit Public Schools since 2009. In addition to being employed by the school district, he receives a salary from private foundations that promote school choice and privatization, and is the owner of a...

 who was appointed by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm
Jennifer Granholm
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm is a Canadian-born American politician, educator, and author who served as Attorney General and 47th Governor of the U.S. state of Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, Granholm became Michigan's first female governor on January 1, 2003, when she succeeded Governor...

 in 2009.

Board of education

Board Member District
Carla Scott District 1
Elena Herrada District 2
Annie Carter District 3
Tyrone Winfrey (Vice President) District 4
Anthony Adams (President) District 5
Terry Catchings District 6
Ron Cleveland District 7
David Murray At large
Ida Short At large
Carol Banks At large
LaMar Lemmons At large


Finances

On December 8, 2008, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Mike Flanagan determined the district's inability to manage its finances and declared a financial emergency. Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm
Jennifer Granholm
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm is a Canadian-born American politician, educator, and author who served as Attorney General and 47th Governor of the U.S. state of Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, Granholm became Michigan's first female governor on January 1, 2003, when she succeeded Governor...

 appointed Robert Bobb
Robert Bobb
Robert C. Bobb is an appointed official who has been the Emergency Financial Manager for the Detroit Public Schools since 2009. In addition to being employed by the school district, he receives a salary from private foundations that promote school choice and privatization, and is the owner of a...

 as the emergency financial manager of Detroit Public Schools in 2009 to manage the school districts finances. His contract dictates a one year tenure. The school district began selling 27 previously closed school buildings. On March 3, 2009, Bobb initially estimated that DPS's current year deficit would be no less than $150M, requested early payments from the state to meet payroll, and indicated that more additional outside auditors will be required to properly assess the district's financial situation.

In March 2009, Robert Bobb declared that the school district had 150 million dollar budget deficit, only including debts that he was aware of. Twenty million dollars of that money is owed to the district's pension system. The DPS school board complained in that same year that the then deficit of $65 million for 2007-2008 school year was caused by accounting irregularities, including fringe benefits and paying teachers off of the books. Much of the deficit was discovered by outside auditors invited by former district Superintendent Connie Calloway in 2008.

The 2008-2009 edition of the Michigan Department of Education's ranking of Michigan Public School financial data showed the mean Detroit Public School teacher's salary stood at $71,031, more than 14% higher than the state average of $62,237. During the same period, the Michigan cohort graduation rate was 80.1%, while Detroit Public Schools' cohort graduation rate was 67.39%, 16% lower than the state average.

Employee relations

On March 22, 2006, some teachers staged a "blackboard flu."

In the 2006 contract negotiations, the district sought $88 million in reductions, but the Detroit Federation of Teachers (representing 7,000 teachers and 2,500 other employees) and other unions fought further pay cuts, and the district threatened to lay off 2,000 union employees in response. On August 22, thousands of DPS teachers protested further pay cuts, and demanded a pay increase. A district spokesman said that pay cuts for teachers was a necessary requirement for balancing the school's budget. The teachers agreed to go on strike, closing school for three days and shortening the first day of school.

The Detroit Federation of Teachers requested a 15.6% pay increase for the highest income teachers, pointing out that they're making less than their counterparts in the suburbs. The median salary for the Detroit Public Schools is $41,007, while the median teacher pay for Michigan overall is $57,958. Teachers concessions were still below the state mandated deficit reduction plan, and a prolonged strike was averted primarily because both sides recognized the threat of more children leaving the DPS for charter schools. In an appeal to teachers who are considering a wildcat strike, Detroit Superintendent William F. Coleman III argued that a strike would encourage more children to leave the district for suburban schools of choice and charter schools, exacerbating problems and forcing more layoffs and program cuts. Some blame the state takeover for the strike. The teachers went on strike. County Circuit Court Judge Susan Borman ruled on September 8, 2006 that the teachers must return to work the following week.

On November 9, 2006, DPS laid off 907 lunch aides and 713 teachers. Aides are union members of the Detroit Federation of Paraprofessionals, and typically make near minimum wages. A recent minimum wage hike was a factor in the layoffs.

DPS pays 14.55% of each employee's salary to the Office of Retirement Services to cover the costs of participation in the Michigan Public School Employees' Retirement System.

In 1999 Detroit teachers staged a wildcat strike, using the slogan "Books, Supplies, Lower Class Size!"

School dress code

Detroit Public Schools created a district-wide uniform dress code for students effective on May 11, 2006 for all students in grades Kindergarten through 12. This includes mandatory identification badges. Parents may opt their children out of the dress code for medical, religious, or financial reasons. Several schools, including Bates Academy and Malcolm X Academy, had uniform dress codes before the start of the district-wide policy.

Digital programs

On February 4, 2010, the Detroit Public Schools announced that it wants to digitize
Digitizing
Digitizing or digitization is the representation of an object, image, sound, document or a signal by a discrete set of its points or samples. The result is called digital representation or, more specifically, a digital image, for the object, and digital form, for the signal...

 all its teaching and learning as part of the comprehensive plan to accelerate student achievement, within five years. Barbara Byrd-Bennett, the district's chief academic and accountability auditor, said the district is investing in high-tech tools to equip all 6th- to 12th-graders with computers and digitize all curriculum, textbooks and lessons plans district-wide. The $15 million product is part of a $40 million contract with Boston's Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, which marks the largest single deal for the book publisher.

The first step will be interactive Web-based portal called Learning Village that would be fully functioning by fall 2010. The Learning Village program will give DPS the ability to digitize its textbooks, curriculum and lesson plans. Teachers will have access to students' assessment results and prospective lesson plans to more quickly diagnosis struggling students. Parents can log in to the system to track their students' progress, print additional worksheets and view cumulative test results for a teacher's entire class. The purpose of the Learning Village tool is to serve as a unified portal to connect students, teachers, parents and principals, and deliver real-time learning. DPS will also use $14.2 million in federal stimulus and Title I dollars for netbooks for all 36,000 students and 4,000 teachers in grades 6-12 for access to technology to support hands-on learning. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is setting up a Detroit-based office with at least 13 employees for technical support, training and outreach. Detroit is the company's largest client.

Zoned high schools

  • Central High School
    Central High School (Detroit, Michigan)
    Central High School is the oldest secondary school in Detroit, Michigan; it is staffed and operated by the Detroit Public Schools.-History:In 1858, Detroit's first high school opened on Miami Avenue. By 1863, due to increased enrollment, the school was moved to a building that had formerly housed...

  • Frank Cody High School
    Frank Cody High School
    Named to honor the former Superintendent of Detroit Public Schools; Frank Cody High School was dedicated in 1955.Cody serves Brightmoor, the Rosedale Park Historic District and a section of Old Redford...

    • Cody 9th Grade Academy
  • Denby Technical & Preparatory High School
    Denby High School
    Edwin C. Denby High School is a public secondary education facility in Detroit, Michigan.Denby opened in 1930 and the building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2005....

  • Ford High School
    Ford High School (Detroit, Michigan)
    Henry Ford High School is located at 20000 Evergreen Road, on the northwest side of Detroit, Michigan; the facility is staffed and operated by Detroit Public Schools. Ford High opened its doors on September 5, 1957; it was constructed to accommodate an overflow of students from nearby Cooley,...

  • Kettering High School
    Kettering High School
    Kettering High School is a 4 year high school within the Detroit Public Schools system. Located in Detroit, Michigan United StatesThe school was built in what is now known to be a low income neighborhood...

  • Mumford High School
    Mumford High School (Michigan)
    Located on Detroit's near-northwest side, Samuel C. Mumford High School is operated by the Detroit Board of Education; the school's namesake served twenty-two years on the Board and was a former president of the organization...

  • Northwestern High School
    Northwestern High School (Michigan)
    Northwestern High School is a secondary education facility in Detroit, Michigan. The most recent enrollment figures for Northwestern indicate a student population of approximately 2,000. Northwestern High School features numerous extracurricular activities; including: Debate, US Army JROTC,...

  • Pershing High School
  • Southeastern High School
    Southeastern High School (Michigan)
    Southeastern High School is a Detroit Public Schools high school in Detroit, Michigan.The school opened in 1917. The school's athletic teams had the name "Jungaleers" because the school was considered to be far from the urban areas....

  • Southwestern High School
    Southwestern High School (Michigan)
    Southwestern High School is a high school in southwest Detroit, Michigan, USA. It is part of the Detroit Public Schools district.Brewster Homes/Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects, Detroit public housing, is zoned to this school.-Notable alumni:...

  • Western International High School
    Western International High School
    Western International High School is a secondary educational facility, located across from Clark Park, within southwest Detroit's Mexicantown. Western is operated by the Detroit Public Schools system....


Optional high schools

  • Barsamian Preparatory Center (Alternative)
  • Cass Technical High School
    Cass Technical High School
    The Cass Tech Technicians football team is a high school football program in Division 1 Public School League, representing the prestigious Cass Technical High School in Detroit, MI. Cass Tech High School has long been recognized nationwide for its extraordinary football program dating back to its...

  • Communication & Media Arts High School
    Communication & Media Arts High School
    Communication & Media Arts High School is a school of choice and part of Detroit Public Schools in Detroit, Michigan on 14771 Mansfield in between Grand River and Fenkell. Kim Woo Gray was principal when the school opened in 1992 until her retirement in 2008. CMA has twenty-three full time staff...

  • Crockett High School
  • Crosman Alternative High School
  • Davis Aerospace High School
  • Detroit City High School
  • Detroit High School for Technology (Pershing Tech)
  • Detroit School of Arts
    Detroit School of Arts
    The Detroit School of Arts, originally known as the Detroit School for the Fine and Performing Arts, is a blue ribbon high school located in Detroit, Michigan....

  • Detroit International Academy for Young Women
  • Millennium School
  • Renaissance High School
    Renaissance High School
    Renaissance High School is a public high school located within the city of Detroit, Michigan. Renaissance is one of four magnet high schools in the Detroit Public Schools district .Founded in 1978 on the previous site of Catholic Central High School, Renaissance's first...

  • Trombly Alternative High School
  • West Side Academy Alternative Education
  • Osbourn High School
    Osbourn High School
    Osbourn High School is a secondary school for grades 9–12 located in Manassas, Virginia, United States and the sole high school of the Manassas City Public Schools system.-History:...


Zoned PreK-8 schools

  • Bethune Academy
  • Blackwell Institute
  • Boynton Elementary/Middle School
  • Burns Elementary School
  • Burton International School
  • Butzel Elementary/Middle School
  • D. Bethune Duffield Elementary School (Detroit): Constructed in 1922, this is a pre-kindergarten
    Pre-Kindergarten
    Pre-kindergarten refers to the first formal academic classroom-based learning environment that a child customarily attends in the United States. It begins between the ages of 3-5 depending on the length of the program...

     through 8th grade facility educating around 410 students. The classically styled, three-story elementary school draws students from the neighborhood bordered by southern St. Aubin Street; then eastward to include Chene, Joseph Campau and McDougall Street.
  • Durfee Elementary School
  • Fisher Magnet
  • Fitzgerald Elementary School
  • Golightly Education Center
  • Greenfield Union Elementary School
  • A. L. Holmes Elementary School
  • Jemison School of Choice
  • Barbara Jordan Elementary School
  • Law Elementary School
  • Marquette Elementary School
  • Noble Elementary School
  • Robeson Academy
  • Sherrill Elementary School
  • Stewart Elementary School (was MacCulloch Elementary)
  • Mark Twain Elementary School
  • Westside Multicultural Academy

Zoned K-8 schools

  • Ann Arbor Trail Magnet Middle School
  • Carver Elementary School
  • Coffey Elementary/Middle School
  • Courtis Elementary School
  • Dixon Elementary School
  • Drew Middle School
  • Lessenger Elementary-Middle School
  • Malcolm X Academy
  • Frank Murphy
    Frank Murphy
    William Francis Murphy was a politician and jurist from Michigan. He served as First Assistant U.S. District Attorney, Eastern Michigan District , Recorder's Court Judge, Detroit . Mayor of Detroit , the last Governor-General of the Philippines , U.S...

    Elementary/Middle School
  • Nichols Elementary School
  • Nolan Elementary School
  • Owen Academy
  • Phoenix Elementary School
  • Pulaski Elementary School
  • Richard Elementary School
  • Sampson Academy
  • Spain Elementary School
  • Trix Elementary School
  • Vetal Elementary School

Alternative K-8 schools

  • Bates Academy
  • Edward (Duke) Ellington Conservatory of Music/Art
  • Foreign Language Immersion
  • Hancock Preparatory Center
  • Langston Hughes Academy
  • Hutchins Elementary School

5-8 schools

(Zoned)
  • Farwell Middle School
  • Erma Henderson Upper School

(Alternative)
  • Clippert Academy
  • Ludington Magnet Middle School

6-8 schools

(Zoned)
  • Barbour Magnet Middle School
  • Cerveny Middle School
  • Columbus Middle School
  • Earhart Middle School
  • McNair Middle School
  • Robinson Middle School
  • Brenda Scott Middle School

(Alternative)
  • Hally Magnet Middle School
  • Heilmann Park Middle School

PK-6 schools

(Zoned)
  • #1 John R King
  • Ronald Brown Academy
  • Burt Elementary School
  • Dossin Elementary School
  • Guyton Elementary School
  • Jamieson Elementary School

  • MacDowell Elementary School
  • Thurgood Marshall Elementary School
  • McKenny Elementary School
  • Pasteur Elementary School
  • Schulze Elementary School
  • Stephens Elementary School

K-6 schools

(Zoned)
  • Birney Elementary School
  • Cooke Elementary School
  • McColl Elementary School
  • Munger Elementary School
  • Vernor Elementary School

PreK-5 schools

(Zoned)
  • Emerson Elementary School
  • Gompers Elementary School
  • Harding Elementary School
  • Harms Elementary School

External links

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