Deir el Ahmar
Encyclopedia
Deir El Ahmar is a Lebanese
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...

 town, located at 100 km from Beirut
Beirut
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...

 and 12 km northeast of Baalbeck in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon.

Demography and religion

The population of Deir el Ahmar is around 23,000 people. The people of Deir el Ahmar are Lebanese and followers of the Maronite church. With eight historical churches, including Saint Joseph Church which was completed on September 15, 1914, Our Lady of the Tower Church which was built the ruins of the temple of Jupiter, Saint Georges, Saint Nohra, Saint Michel (old + New), Saint Elie, Our Lady of Cultivation and two musk temple one of them for man and the other for ladies. The town serves as the center of the archbishopric of Baalbek–Deir El-Ahmar.

Geography

Deir el Ahmar's climate is mild during spring and autumn, dry and warm in summer, and cold during winter. With an altitude that ranges between 950 m and 1,150 m above sea level, the town receives heavy snow during the winter, and some roads leading to the town may be temporarily closed during this period. Deir el Ahmar area is about 42 hectar (42.000 000 m2)

History

Deir el Ahmar, like the rest of Lebanese land, was part of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....

, and during the third century A.D., the Roman emperor Caracalla
Caracalla
Caracalla , was Roman emperor from 198 to 217. The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until he murdered the latter in 211...

 built a temple for Jupiter in the vicinity of the village. The Temple of Jupiter would later become the center of the Jacobite Christians.

Roman period:

During the third century A.D., roman emperor Caracalla built the temple of Jupiter.

Byzantine period:
  • Saydet el Borj (Our Lady of the Tower) church built on the ruins of the temple of Jupiter
  • Qasr el Benet (The castle of the King's daughter) near Chlifa


7th-16th century:
  • This is the Syriac, Jacobite and Arab period.
  • Temple of Jupiter became the center of the Syriac-Jacobites Christians.
  • Ruled by the Arabs.
  • Earth quakes in 1158 and 1202.


16th-19th century period:
  • Maronites shepherds from Becharreh and Aakoura established in the region Deir el Ahmar.


19th century period:
  • Other maronites families from Becharreh, Aakoura, Byblos and Batroun established and formed the village of Deir el Ahmar.


Deir el Ahmar has eight historic churches. The courtyard of Our Lady of the Tower has Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...

 inscriptions on its
stone walls. Ruins of a cellar that reportedly dates to the Roman era are nearby the church.
Our Lady of the Tower Church (Saydet el Borj) was built on the ruins of the temple of Jupiter during the Byzantine
Byzantine
Byzantine usually refers to the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.Byzantine may also refer to:* A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or native Greek during the Middle Ages...

 era. The Castle of the King's Daughter (Qasr el Benet) near Chlifa was also built during this period. Maronite Catholic shepherds from, Niha [being the most], Bsharri
Bsharri
Bsharri , is a Lebanese town at about 1,450 m of altitude, near the Kadisha Valley. It is located at , in the Bsharri District of the North Governorate. Bsharri is the town of the only remaining Original Cedars of Lebanon...

 and Aakoura moved and settled in the region of Deir el Ahmar where better grazing was available. In the 19th century, other Maronite families from Byblos
Byblos
Byblos is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal . It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jubayl and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades...

 and Batroun
Batroun
The coastal city of Batroun located in northern Lebanon is one of the oldest cities of the world. Batroun is home to a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center.- Etymology :...

 settled in the village of Deir el Ahmar.

Directions

Departing from the capital Beirut ,through Daher al Baidar main road to Zahleh and Baalbeck, the passenger, then heads North to Deir el Ahmar, crossing about 100 km.

Many roads lead from Lebanon's major coastal cities to Deir El Ahmar:
  • Beirut, Baabda, Dahr el Baydar, Chtaura, Zahleh, Baalbeck, Deir el Ahmar (104 km)
  • Beirut, Antelias, Bikfaya, Tarchich, Zahleh, Baalbeck, Deir el Ahmar
  • Beirut, Zouk, Faraya, Ouyoun el Simane, Deir el Ahmar (101 km)
  • Beirut, Nahr Ibrahim, Afqa, Hadath Baalbeck, Deir el Ahmar
  • Beirut, Chekka, Amioun, Becharreh, Cedars, Deir el Ahmar (157 km)


Some of these roads are closed by snow a few months or weeks during winter (January, February, March). The road via Dahr el Baydar is the main one and the most accessible during the 4 seasons .

Origin of the name

Historians believe that the name of the village originated from the Aramaic, "Deir Ohmor’" which means "Monastery of the Brother." Since the word deir means monastery
Monastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...

 and the Arabic word for the color red is ahmar, some historians believe that the origin of Deir el Ahmar's name can be attributed to the large monastery in the area that was built with red stones, thus the name of the town can be literary translated to "Red Monastery.".

While the people who have lived in that period tell a different story which state that after the baptism of the pagan tribes living in the village the monks built a monastery on Jupiter's Temple(a present historical ruin in the village) which the pagans used for the workship of their gods, so villagers used to came every morning to the Mass before going to their work.
The villagers got surprised one morning because they did not hear the Church bell toll and hurried to the monastery.They found the monks slaughtered like sheep, by the pagan tribes that fled away and came back to avenge their gods.
The people were terrified to see blood all around the place ,so they run back shouting:
"The monastery is red...." in Arabic: " Al Deir Ahmar " the "Al" was cancelled and the village as called "Deir El Ahmar".

Society & Traditions

The people of Deir el Ahmar are well known for their dynamism and for keeping the rural Lebanese traditions:
Hospitality
Traditional gastronomy: Mezzeh, Tabbouleh, Kebbeh, etc.
Traditional wedding ceremonies: traditional songs, dances & poems (zaffeh), traditional religious ceremonies, etc.
Traditional clothes for folkloric occasions:
men wear traditional "sherwal", the "Ghombaz" and "tarboush" or "Kafiat and Ighal" on the head
women wear "abbaya"

Ecotourism
Visiting the region of Deir el Ahmar is an authentic rural tourism experience to discover:
Many unknown historical sites
A wild and unspoiled nature

Best periods to visit the region
You can visit Deir el Ahmar almost anytime of the year.
The region may be inaccessible a few days or weeks every year because of snow, usually during January and February
The best periods are
Spring and the beginning of summer, when the temperature is mild, the rivers are at their highest levels, the wild flowers are flourishing and the mountains are covered with snow
Autumn, for the mild climate and to discover and participate in some farming activities

What to do?

Cultural tours

Hiking

Visit some organic farms and participate to some farming activities

Lunch in organic farms

Buy traditional products from the WADA center or the organic farms

The W.A.D.A. organization
The Women's Association of Deir El Ahmar, WADA, is a Lebanese non-profit, Non-Governmental Organization established in 1994
The mission
Promote women's role in rural development and welfare of society in the region around Deir el Ahmar (Bekaa, Lebanon).
The team
WADA was founded by active volunteer women from Deir el Ahmar, among them Mrs. Dunia Baroud El Khoury, Mrs. Yvonne El Khoury Lichaa, Mrs. René Chouah Mhanna, ...

Current President: Mrs Dunia Baroud El Khoury

Geographical focus
WADA's geographical focus is a wide area of 157 km2, including 33 municipalities around Deir el Ahmar, Baalbeck and Hermel, in the north of the Bekaa valley in Lebanon.
WADA have won many Awards, among them the Dubai International Award
WADA's partners include major and prestigious local and international institutions: ministries, municipalities, NGOs, etc. These partners helped WADA achieve many projects
To contact WADA,Programs Areas:
-Training sessions for rural women in handicrafts,natural Agrofood Production and Agriculture.
-Supporting Marketing and Promotion of the Products through fairs and Exhibitions.
-Awareness Programs for Local Communities which seek to:
Protect Environment
Care for Human Health
Support Education and Cultural Fields
Promote Rural Eco-Tourism
-Executing a sustainable Development Project.
The Rural Development Center - RDC -

Economy

Deir el Ahmar's location in the fertile Beqaa Valley
Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley is a fertile valley in east Lebanon. For the Romans, the Beqaa Valley was a major agricultural source, and today it remains Lebanon’s most important farming region...

 makes agriculture its main economical activity. The town produces jam, jelly, marmalade, and dairy products as well as handcrafts, such as pottery, crochet, and lace.

Deir el Ahmar, like the rest of the Beqaa Valley, has good potential for tourism due to the mild climate, pristine nature, and the variety of historical and archeological sites. Ecotourism, especially natural excursions and hiking trips are becoming more popular in the region of Deir el Ahmar. Tourists also visit the local organic farms and participate in farming activities. However, the tourism sector remains mostly underdeveloped in Deir el Ahmar, To note that Hotels or Motels are abandoned because of the hospitability idea that say: visitors are well coming and they may choose any house to come in and stay .
An economical and demographic study conducted in Deir el Ahmar by Dr Gaby Saliba in 2001 highlights the following problems:

High emigration of youth [62% of population] and still increasing mainly caused by the lack of high education institutions, and the nearest university is 40 minutes away
Deficient role of the women in development
High rates of Unemployment

Local Authorities

The municipality have an elected municipal council for 6 years. Its has administrative and financial independence but remains under the control and supervision of the central government.

Eparchy of Baalbek-Deir El-Ahmar (Maronite)

1671: Established as Diocese of Baalbek / Helipolitan(us) Maronitarum (Latin)
1977.08.04: Renamed as Diocese of Baalbek e Zahlé / Helipolitan(us) et Mariammen(sis) Maronitarum (Latin)
1990.06.09: Renamed as Diocese of Baalbek–Deir Al-Ahmar / Heliopolitan(us)–Rubrimonasterien(sis) Maronitarum (Latin) (lost territory to establish Diocese of Zahlé)

Bishop: SIMON ATTALLAH
Latin Name: Helipolitanus Maronitarum
Erected: 1671
Type of Jurisdiction: Eparchy
Split: 9 June 1990
Rite: Maronite
Country: Lebanon
Mailing Address: Eveche Maronite, Deir El-Ahmar, Liban
Telephone: +961-(08)32.04.32
Fax: +961-(08)32.04.31

Bishop Simon Atallah, O.A.M. (73)
(2005.12.28 – ...)
Born: 1937.01.10 (Lebanon)
Ordained Priest: 1963.12.08
Consecrated Bishop: 2006.02.11

Bishop Paul-Mounged El-Hachem (75) (later Archbishop)
(1995.06.10 – 2005.08.27)

Bishop Philippe Boutros Chebaya
(1990.06.09 – 1995.06.10)

Bishop Georges Scandar (83)
(1977.11.12 – 1990.06.09)
Bishop of Baalbek e Zahlé of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1977.11.12 – 1990.06.09)

Bishop Chucrallah Harb (87)
(1967.03.15 – 1977.08.04)
Bishop of Baalbek of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1967.03.15 – 1977.08.04

Bishop Abdallah Nujaim
(1954.04.04 – 1966.11.12)
Auxiliary Bishop of Baalbek of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1950.07.25 – 1954.04.04)

Bishop Abdallah Nujaim
(Apostolic Administrator 1953–1954.04.04)

Bishop Elias Richa
(1937.10.10 – 1953.08.24)
Bishop of Baalbek of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1937.10.10 – 1953.08.24)

Bishop Giovanni Murad
(1892.06.12 – 1937.05.01)
Bishop of Baalbek of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1892.06.12 – 1937.05.01)

Bishop Jean Pierre Hadj [Al-Haj] (Jean [Yuhanna] Hadj [Al-Haj]) (later Patriarch)
(1861–1890.04.28)
Bishop of Baalbek of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1861–1890.04.28)

Educational Institution

Deir El Ahmar account 4 schools, 2 public schools and 2 private schools. Thus, 687 students are schooled in the public institution, and 2485 student are schooled in the private.

Families of Deir El Ahmar

Families in Deir El Ahmar in Alphabetical order:

-Al-Litani
-Abou Samra
-Abi younes
-Akoury
-Atallah
-Awad
-Bethani (Bethoney, Bithoney)
-Berkachi
-Bou Raffoul
-Choueiri
-Chit Dirani
-Chwah
-Dib
-El Gemayel (Keyrouz)
-El khoury
-El Litani
-Farha
-Fakhry
-Gaegea
-Habchi
-Habka
-Imad
-Ishac
-Joumha
-Jreish
-Karam
-Khadra
-Khechen
-Keyrouz
-Kozah
-Lichaa el Khoury
-Moubarak
-Mouawad
-Moussallem
-Makhlouf
-Mhana
-Nakhleh (Fakhry)
-Rahmeh
-Saadé
-Sadka
-Saleh
-Satiteh (Saadé)
-Succar
-Tarabay (Torbey)
-Tabet
-Yaghi
-Litani
-Yammouni

Famous people

  • Roland Habib Jreich, Young poliitical leader, dealing with all aspects of local civil socity, recording the history of the deir el ahmar area.

  • tarek boutros habchi, A former deputy in the Lebanese parliament since 1968 until 1992

  • Danny Thomas
    Danny Thomas
    Danny Thomas was an American nightclub comedian and television and film actor, best known for starring in the television sitcom Make Room for Daddy . He was also the founder of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital...

    , Lebanese-American actor. From Deir el Ahmar, famous Lebanese-American entertainer Born Muzyad Yakhoob, he began his show biz career in 1932 as a singer at a Detroit radio station; he began performing as an MC-comedian in nightclubs in 1938 and gradually gained popularity and national recognition over the next decade. He debuted onscreen in 1947, going on to a brief film career in corny lead roles or comic supporting parts. He was much more successful on TV, starring in the long-running sitcom Make Room for Daddy (later re-named The Danny Thomas Show); he also starred in a number of specials and made guest appearances on variety shows. In the late '50s Thomas began producing for TV, forming a partnership with Sheldon Leonard and later Aaron Spelling; he produced such series as The Andy Griffith Show, The Dick Van Dyke Show, Gomer Pyle, and The Mod Squad. He also starred in several failed TV shows including The Danny Thomas Hour and Make Room for Granddaddy. He founded the St. Jude's Research Hospital, which is dedicated to finding cures for catastrophic chidren's diseases. He was the father of actress Marlo Thomas. He authored an autobiography, Make Room for Danny (1990).

  • Elias Najjar famous traditional poet & singer (Aataba)
  • Raymond G. Tarabay - Ford Motors Company Sales ( United Arab Emirates )

  • Marie Keyrouz
    Marie Keyrouz
    Sister Marie Keyrouz is a chanter of Oriental Church music, a member of the Congrégation des Soeurs Basiliennes Chouérites and founder-president of the National Institute of Sacred Music in Paris.-Biography:...

    , Lebanese Christian nun and singer, she founded "L'Ensemble de la Paix" at Lebanon, and The International Institute of the Sacred Chant, in France.
  • Tarek G.G. Torbey - Financial analyst - UPP  "responsible for the preparation of annual budget, profit and cash forecasts, monthly accounts and year end accounts, also in charge of overall control of the whole cooperation .
  • Mahrouss Fakhry Current Oldest man in Deir El Ahmar (110 years), previous major, friend of Kamil Shamoon and he did great Things for his village during this period, helped lot of poor families during 1st war and 2nd war, he is the man of this century.
  • Yara, Lebanese singer.
  • Fahed Goearges Tarabey - CAO Al Wasita Emirates
  • Peter Khoury - Producer, Producer.

Holidays

  • Saint Joseph
    Saint Joseph
    Saint Joseph is a figure in the Gospels, the husband of the Virgin Mary and the earthly father of Jesus Christ ....

     Day (March 19), religious ceremony in Saint Joseph Church
  • Saint Elie Day (July 20), religious ceremony in Saint Elias Church
  • The Assumption of Mary
    Assumption of Mary
    According to the belief of Christians of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and parts of the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglicanism, the Assumption of Mary was the bodily taking up of the Virgin Mary into Heaven at the end of her life...

     (August 15) religious ceremony at the shrine of Our Lady of Bechouat
    Our Lady of Bechouat
    The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bechouat, also spelled Beshouat or Beshwat, is a Marian shrine in the village of Bechouat in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon.In 1741, a Byzantine wooden icon of the Virgin Mary was discovered in one of the deep caves...

  • Feast of the Blessed Sacrement
    Blessed Sacrament
    The Blessed Sacrament, or the Body and Blood of Christ, is a devotional name used in the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholic Churches, Old Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, to refer to the Host after it has been consecrated in the sacrament of the Eucharist...

     (September 14), religious ceremony in all Deil el Ahmar churches
  • Saint Nohra
    Saint Nohra
    Saint Nohra or Mar Nohra was an early Christian saint, still popular in Lebanon today. The saint's name is Aramaic in origin, meaning "Master of Light".-Churches and monasteries dedicated to Saint Nohra:...

    , religious ceremony in Mar Nohra Church
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