Dead pool
Encyclopedia
A dead pool, also known as a death pool, death watch, dead cert or ghoul pool, is a game
of prediction
which involves guessing when someone will die. Sometimes it is a bet where money is involved. The combination of dead or death, and betting pool
, refers to such a gambling arrangement.
A typical modern dead pool might have players pick out celebrities who they think will die within the year. Most games start on January 1, and run for 12 months although there are some variations on game length and timing. There are also several scoring variants. For example, a player might be rewarded few, if any, points for predicting the death of someone who is over 80 years old or is known to be suffering from a terminal disease. Another common method to calculate score is subtracting the celebrity's age from 100. Other pools require participants to form a list ranked on how sure they are that a person on the list will die, with points given based on how high a person on their list is ranked, and others award points based on how many other contestants selected the deceased celebrity. Another variant on the game has a single point awarded for each correct prediction, regardless of the celebrity's age or medical condition. The advantage of this scoring method is that there is more scoring, and it rewards research (learning which celebrities are experiencing failing health) rather than luck.
One example of the concept is a series of segments on the Howard Stern Radio Show
, where show regulars would place bets into a celebrity death pool, each trying to predict the next celebrity to pass on. The practice has been expanded to include wagering on such abstract entities as businesses.
Another example of the concept is where a list of celebrities is decided upon, and the names are placed into individual sealed envelopes. Each player picks a sealed envelope and writes their name on the outside of it. Each week, each player pays a small amount of money. When one of the celebrities on the list dies. The envelopes are handed out and opened, the player who has the envelope with the name of the dead celebrity wins all of the accumulated cash.
Definitions of celebrity vary from contest to contest. Smaller pools may rely on consensus of the players as to who is famous. Others require an obituary to appear in a recognized newswire such as the Associated Press
(AP) or Reuters
. The Lee Atwater Invitational employs a Fame Committee consisting of non-contestants who assess ahead of time the name-recognition of each celebrity. The Rotten.com
Dead Pool, the largest in the world, uses NNDB
as its source of qualified celebrities, and as arbiter of their life status. Ghoulpool.us uses a variety of sources to verify celebrity status, includes a checklist on the site to measure prospective names. Points for the Ghoulpool.us game are based on age at death, cause of death, the ranking of the celebrity on a player's list, and the uniqueness of the pick. Stiffs.com games (the largest paid/prize deadpool) is based purely on the number of dead celebrities chosen, with points (10 points for the #1 pick, 9 for #2, etc.) being used only for tiebreaking.
Death pool formats, success strategies, and history are detailed in the 2012 book Celebrity Death Pools: The Definitive Guide to Starting, Running, and Winning Your Death Pool. The book also contains the first-ever survey of death pool players. Circa the late 1990s, an guide called "The Dead Pool", written by KQRS-FM radio personality Mike Gelfand and author Mike Wilkinson, appeared. KQRS-FM in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota also does an annual on air dead pool contest, similar to Stern's, where show hosts and listeners will attempt to pick which celebrity will die in that calendar year. In his AP news article "Some say death pools are in poor taste", (which brought national attention to The Old Blue Eyes Celebrity Death Watch) author Matt Sedensky writes, "Players scour newspapers and Web sites for news on celebrities' health; they rely on tips from insiders; and they consider a public figure's lifestyle, absence of recent appearances and rumors of illness."
History
Game
A game is structured playing, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements...
of prediction
Prediction
A prediction or forecast is a statement about the way things will happen in the future, often but not always based on experience or knowledge...
which involves guessing when someone will die. Sometimes it is a bet where money is involved. The combination of dead or death, and betting pool
Betting pool
A betting pool, sports lottery, sweep or office pool if done at work, is a form of gambling, specifically a variant of parimutuel betting influenced by lotteries, where gamblers pay a fixed price into a pool , and then make a selection on some outcome, usually related to sport...
, refers to such a gambling arrangement.
A typical modern dead pool might have players pick out celebrities who they think will die within the year. Most games start on January 1, and run for 12 months although there are some variations on game length and timing. There are also several scoring variants. For example, a player might be rewarded few, if any, points for predicting the death of someone who is over 80 years old or is known to be suffering from a terminal disease. Another common method to calculate score is subtracting the celebrity's age from 100. Other pools require participants to form a list ranked on how sure they are that a person on the list will die, with points given based on how high a person on their list is ranked, and others award points based on how many other contestants selected the deceased celebrity. Another variant on the game has a single point awarded for each correct prediction, regardless of the celebrity's age or medical condition. The advantage of this scoring method is that there is more scoring, and it rewards research (learning which celebrities are experiencing failing health) rather than luck.
One example of the concept is a series of segments on the Howard Stern Radio Show
Howard Stern
Howard Allan Stern is an American radio personality, television host, author, and actor best known for his radio show, which was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2005. He gained wide recognition in the 1990s where he was labeled a "shock jock" for his outspoken and sometimes controversial style...
, where show regulars would place bets into a celebrity death pool, each trying to predict the next celebrity to pass on. The practice has been expanded to include wagering on such abstract entities as businesses.
Another example of the concept is where a list of celebrities is decided upon, and the names are placed into individual sealed envelopes. Each player picks a sealed envelope and writes their name on the outside of it. Each week, each player pays a small amount of money. When one of the celebrities on the list dies. The envelopes are handed out and opened, the player who has the envelope with the name of the dead celebrity wins all of the accumulated cash.
Definitions of celebrity vary from contest to contest. Smaller pools may rely on consensus of the players as to who is famous. Others require an obituary to appear in a recognized newswire such as the Associated Press
Associated Press
The Associated Press is an American news agency. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists...
(AP) or Reuters
Reuters
Reuters is a news agency headquartered in New York City. Until 2008 the Reuters news agency formed part of a British independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data...
. The Lee Atwater Invitational employs a Fame Committee consisting of non-contestants who assess ahead of time the name-recognition of each celebrity. The Rotten.com
Rotten.com
Rotten.com is a United States-hosted shock site with the slogan "An archive of disturbing illustration" it is operated by Soylent Communications....
Dead Pool, the largest in the world, uses NNDB
NNDB
The Notable Names Database , produced by Soylent Communications, the same entity that produces Rotten, Daily Rotten, Dr. Sputnik's Society Pages and Penny Postcards, is an online database of biographical details of over 36,000 people of note...
as its source of qualified celebrities, and as arbiter of their life status. Ghoulpool.us uses a variety of sources to verify celebrity status, includes a checklist on the site to measure prospective names. Points for the Ghoulpool.us game are based on age at death, cause of death, the ranking of the celebrity on a player's list, and the uniqueness of the pick. Stiffs.com games (the largest paid/prize deadpool) is based purely on the number of dead celebrities chosen, with points (10 points for the #1 pick, 9 for #2, etc.) being used only for tiebreaking.
Death pool formats, success strategies, and history are detailed in the 2012 book Celebrity Death Pools: The Definitive Guide to Starting, Running, and Winning Your Death Pool. The book also contains the first-ever survey of death pool players. Circa the late 1990s, an guide called "The Dead Pool", written by KQRS-FM radio personality Mike Gelfand and author Mike Wilkinson, appeared. KQRS-FM in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota also does an annual on air dead pool contest, similar to Stern's, where show hosts and listeners will attempt to pick which celebrity will die in that calendar year. In his AP news article "Some say death pools are in poor taste", (which brought national attention to The Old Blue Eyes Celebrity Death Watch) author Matt Sedensky writes, "Players scour newspapers and Web sites for news on celebrities' health; they rely on tips from insiders; and they consider a public figure's lifestyle, absence of recent appearances and rumors of illness."
History