Dayuma
Encyclopedia
Dayuma (born ca. 1930) is a member of the Huaorani
tribe and a citizen of Ecuador
. She is a central figure in the Operation Auca
saga, in that she was the first Huao convert to Christianity, as well as the missionaries' key to unlocking the Huaorani language
, a language that had not been previously studied. Later Dayuma also became an influential figure in her tribe.
of eastern Ecuador
. As a member of the Huaorani
tribe, she grew up in one of the most violent societies known to anthropology. When she was young, her family was terrorized by a Huao warrior named Moipa, who had attacked and speared many of her family. On one occasion, her father was mortally wounded in an attack. This prompted Dayuma to flee from her tribe, along with two other girls, and to go live with the more friendly Quechua
Indians. Many of her family urged her not to leave, believing that all foreigners were cannibals, but Dayuma was convinced that her chances of survival were greater if she fled than if she stayed.
When she came to a river at the edge of the jungle, Dayuma saw a group of foreigners coming down the river in canoes. As she crossed over to them, the men raised their guns to fire at her, but for whatever reason they did not. When Dayuma arrived safely on the other side of the river, she called back to the two other girls who had come with her, and they came over as well. It was then that she received clothes for the first time, since the Huaorani lived practically naked.
Dayuma lived outside of Huaorani territory on an hacienda for many years. There were many Quechuas there, as well as people from other places. Over time she began to assimilate with the Quechua language and culture. It was there that she was befriended by an American missionary named Rachel Saint, who took interest in learning the Huaorani language
, also called "Huao Terero". This language is unrelated to any other known language on earth, and had never been studied before this time. Dayuma was a great help to Saint, despite the fact that she had forgotten much of her language and did not speak English.
In 1955, Jim Elliot
, along with four other male missionaries including Rachel's brother, Nate Saint
, were making plans to contact the Huaorani without Rachel's knowledge. They met with Dayuma while Rachel was away and learned Huao phrases from her. When the men first arrived in Huaorani territory in early 1956, they were met by three friendly Huao Indians – a man and two women. One of the women was Dayuma's sister, Gimade. One of the reasons she had come to meet with the missionaries was to see if they knew what had happened to her long-lost sister. Two days later, the men were killed by a larger group of Huao warriors, including some of Dayuma's immediate family.
Not long afterwards, while still living at the hacienda and working closely with Rachel Saint, Dayuma became a Christian believer. Rachel Saint began to teach her more about the Bible and Dayuma continued to teach Rachel more of her language. Then in 1958, two women from Dayuma's tribe emerged from the jungle and wanted her to return with them, telling her that her mother, Akawo, was still alive. Dayuma returned with them, and soon came back to the Quechua village with an invitation for Rachel Saint, along with Elisabeth Elliot
and her three-year-old daughter Valerie, to come and live with them.
Thus began the first peaceful outside contact with the Huaorani tribe. Dayuma taught the language, and also was instrumental in converting much of her family to Christianity. Said Elisabeth Elliot, "Dayuma was the preacher." The teachings of Christianity had a large effect on the tribe; most notably the number of homicides plunged by almost 90%. Dayuma also had learned to sew while she was living with the Quechuas, and she made clothes for her people. Dayuma still lives with the Huaorani in the village of Tonampade, which is very near where the five missionary men were killed in 1956. It is also the location of theirs and Rachel Saint's graves.
Huaorani
The Huaorani, Waorani or Waodani, also known as the Waos, are native Amerindians from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador. The alternate name Auca is a pejorative exonym used by the neighboring Quechua Indians, and commonly adopted by...
tribe and a citizen of Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
. She is a central figure in the Operation Auca
Operation Auca
Operation Auca was an attempt by five Evangelical Christian missionaries from the United States to bring the gospel to the Huaorani people of the rainforest of Ecuador...
saga, in that she was the first Huao convert to Christianity, as well as the missionaries' key to unlocking the Huaorani language
Huaorani language
The Huaorani language, commonly known as Sabela is a language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon Rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers...
, a language that had not been previously studied. Later Dayuma also became an influential figure in her tribe.
Biography
Dayuma was born sometime in the early 1930s in the rainforestRainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions based on a minimum normal annual rainfall of 1750-2000 mm...
of eastern Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
. As a member of the Huaorani
Huaorani
The Huaorani, Waorani or Waodani, also known as the Waos, are native Amerindians from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador. The alternate name Auca is a pejorative exonym used by the neighboring Quechua Indians, and commonly adopted by...
tribe, she grew up in one of the most violent societies known to anthropology. When she was young, her family was terrorized by a Huao warrior named Moipa, who had attacked and speared many of her family. On one occasion, her father was mortally wounded in an attack. This prompted Dayuma to flee from her tribe, along with two other girls, and to go live with the more friendly Quechua
Quechuas
Quechuas is the collective term for several indigenous ethnic groups in South America who speak a Quechua language , belonging to several ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Argentina.The Quechuas of Ecuador call themselves as well as their...
Indians. Many of her family urged her not to leave, believing that all foreigners were cannibals, but Dayuma was convinced that her chances of survival were greater if she fled than if she stayed.
When she came to a river at the edge of the jungle, Dayuma saw a group of foreigners coming down the river in canoes. As she crossed over to them, the men raised their guns to fire at her, but for whatever reason they did not. When Dayuma arrived safely on the other side of the river, she called back to the two other girls who had come with her, and they came over as well. It was then that she received clothes for the first time, since the Huaorani lived practically naked.
Dayuma lived outside of Huaorani territory on an hacienda for many years. There were many Quechuas there, as well as people from other places. Over time she began to assimilate with the Quechua language and culture. It was there that she was befriended by an American missionary named Rachel Saint, who took interest in learning the Huaorani language
Huaorani language
The Huaorani language, commonly known as Sabela is a language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon Rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers...
, also called "Huao Terero". This language is unrelated to any other known language on earth, and had never been studied before this time. Dayuma was a great help to Saint, despite the fact that she had forgotten much of her language and did not speak English.
In 1955, Jim Elliot
Jim Elliot
Philip James Elliot was an evangelical Christian who was one of five missionaries killed while participating in Operation Auca, an attempt to evangelize the Waodani people of Ecuador.-Early life:...
, along with four other male missionaries including Rachel's brother, Nate Saint
Nate Saint
Nathanael "Nate" Saint was an evangelical Christian missionary pilot to Ecuador who, along with four others, was killed while attempting to evangelize the Waodani people through efforts known as Operation Auca....
, were making plans to contact the Huaorani without Rachel's knowledge. They met with Dayuma while Rachel was away and learned Huao phrases from her. When the men first arrived in Huaorani territory in early 1956, they were met by three friendly Huao Indians – a man and two women. One of the women was Dayuma's sister, Gimade. One of the reasons she had come to meet with the missionaries was to see if they knew what had happened to her long-lost sister. Two days later, the men were killed by a larger group of Huao warriors, including some of Dayuma's immediate family.
Not long afterwards, while still living at the hacienda and working closely with Rachel Saint, Dayuma became a Christian believer. Rachel Saint began to teach her more about the Bible and Dayuma continued to teach Rachel more of her language. Then in 1958, two women from Dayuma's tribe emerged from the jungle and wanted her to return with them, telling her that her mother, Akawo, was still alive. Dayuma returned with them, and soon came back to the Quechua village with an invitation for Rachel Saint, along with Elisabeth Elliot
Elisabeth Elliot
Elisabeth Elliot is a Christian author and speaker. Her first husband, Jim Elliot, was killed in 1956 while attempting to make missionary contact with the Auca of eastern Ecuador. She later spent two years as a missionary to the tribe members who killed her husband...
and her three-year-old daughter Valerie, to come and live with them.
Thus began the first peaceful outside contact with the Huaorani tribe. Dayuma taught the language, and also was instrumental in converting much of her family to Christianity. Said Elisabeth Elliot, "Dayuma was the preacher." The teachings of Christianity had a large effect on the tribe; most notably the number of homicides plunged by almost 90%. Dayuma also had learned to sew while she was living with the Quechuas, and she made clothes for her people. Dayuma still lives with the Huaorani in the village of Tonampade, which is very near where the five missionary men were killed in 1956. It is also the location of theirs and Rachel Saint's graves.