Davani dialect
Encyclopedia
The Davani dialect is a southwestern iranian language or southwestern dialect of Fars, spoken in the village of Davan
, 12 kilometers north of Kazerun
city in Southern Iran
. The number of speakers was estimated around 1000 in 2004.
in past transitive constructions. For example (Persian transliterations are in UniPers):
English: Hasan saw Ali in the garden.
Persian: Hasan, Ali-râ tuye bâq did.
Davani: hasan-eš ali-a tu bâγ di.
Infinitive markers include -san, -tan, -dan, -ðan.
bard "stone" → bard-aku "the stone"
The plural is marked by the suffix -gal. -u is exceptionally used for "man". For example:
sēv "apple" → sēv-gal "apples"
merd "man" → merd-u "men"
Davan
Davan is located at 29° 23′ N, 51° 55′ E, in a narrow valley at the foot of Mount Davān in the greater Zagros range. It is divided into upper and lower quarters....
, 12 kilometers north of Kazerun
Kazerun
Kazerun is a city in and the capital of Kazerun County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84,594, in 20,810 families....
city in Southern Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. The number of speakers was estimated around 1000 in 2004.
Consonants
- voiced dental fricativeVoiced dental fricativeThe voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound, eth, is . The symbol was taken from the Old English letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced...
: ð, generally after vowels, like in, 'bað' (bad). - voiced velar fricativeVoiced velar fricativeThe voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in various spoken languages. It is not found in English today, but did exist in Old English...
: γ, like in "γal'ati" (shroud). - alveolar trillAlveolar trillThe alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R...
: like in 'borrâ' (flail). - palatalizationPalatalizationIn linguistics, palatalization , also palatization, may refer to two different processes by which a sound, usually a consonant, comes to be produced with the tongue in a position in the mouth near the palate....
: inclination for 'g' and 'k' before front vowels, like in 'bega' (say). - voiceless alveolar affricateVoiceless alveolar affricateThe voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ . The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Cantonese, Italian, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin...
: ts, like in 'tse' (what), and voicedVoiced alveolar affricateThe voiced alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is ⟨dz⟩.-Features:...
dz, like in andzi (fig).
Verbs
Davani is ergativeErgative-absolutive language
An ergative–absolutive language is a language that treats the argument of an intransitive verb like the object of a transitive verb, but differently from the agent of a transitive verb.-Ergative vs...
in past transitive constructions. For example (Persian transliterations are in UniPers):
English: Hasan saw Ali in the garden.
Persian: Hasan, Ali-râ tuye bâq did.
Davani: hasan-eš ali-a tu bâγ di.
Infinitive markers include -san, -tan, -dan, -ðan.
Nouns
The suffix -aku makes nouns definite. For example:bard "stone" → bard-aku "the stone"
The plural is marked by the suffix -gal. -u is exceptionally used for "man". For example:
sēv "apple" → sēv-gal "apples"
merd "man" → merd-u "men"
Pronouns
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | ma | mu |
| 2nd | to | shumu |
| 3rd | u oy |
unā ushu |
Vocabulary
| English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria... |
Davani | Persian Persian language Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence... (Unipers) |
|---|---|---|
| beautiful | ju, jônek | zibâ, xoščehre |
| blood | xin | xun |
| bread | nu, nen | nân |
| bring | avâðan | âvardan |
| brother | borâk, borâ | barâdar |
| come | ameðan, aneðan | âmadan |
| cry | gerīðan | geristan |
| dark | târīk | târik |
| daughter | dōt, dōðar | doxtar |
| day | ru, rez | ruz |
| do | kētan | kardan |
| door | dar | dar |
| die | mordan | mordan |
| donkey | xar | xar |
| egg | xoy | toxme morq |
| earth | zimi | zamin |
| eye | čiš | čašm |
| father | bu, bâva, bova | pedar |
| fear | ters | tars |
| fiancé | numzâð | nâmzad |
| fine | xoš | xoš |
| finger | pinja, piling | angošt |
| fire | tiš | âtaš, âzar |
| fish | meyi | mâhi |
| food / eat | xorâk/ xâtan | qazâ, xorâk / xordan |
| go | šeðan | raftan |
| god | xoðâ | xodâ |
| good | xūv | xub |
| great | got, γoč | bozorg, gonde, gat |
| hand | das | dast |
| English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria... |
Davani | Persian Persian language Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence... (Unipers) |
|---|---|---|
| head | tek, kalla, ser | sar, kalle |
| heart | del | del |
| horse | asp | asb, astar |
| house | xuna | xâne |
| language/tongue | zavu | zabân |
| laugh | xanda kētan | xandidan |
| man | merd | mard |
| moon | mā | mâh |
| mother | deyi, dey | mâdar, mâmân |
| mouth | kap, kač | dahân |
| name | num | nâm |
| night | šô | šab |
| open | vâkētan | bâz kardan |
| peace | sōl | âshti, ârâmeš, ârâmi |
| place | jo | jâ |
| read | xondan | xândan |
| say | gâ:tan | goftan, gap zadan |
| scratch | kerniðan | xârândan |
| sister | xāk, xā | xâhar |
| small | xujak, kem, xordek, rēz, vahila | kucak, kam, xord, riz |
| son | pos, keraku | pesar, pur, bacce |
| tall | boland | boland , bârez, derâz |
| three | so | se |
| water | ô | âb, ow |
| weave | vâtseriðan | bâftan |
| when | ki | key |
| wind | bâð | bâd |
| woman | zan | zan |
| yesterday | dig | diruz |
Example Sentences
| English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria... |
Davani | Persian Persian language Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence... |
Unipers |
|---|---|---|---|
| What is this? | i tsi-yen? | این چیست؟ | In cist? |
| Where is Ali? | ali an kâ? | علی کجاست؟ | Ali kojâst? |
| This horse is white. | i asp-e espe-hâ. | .این اسب سفید است | In asb sefid ast. |
| >beða dass-e rostam huven-eš bâ injo ke-t ma tâj šâi hâðe. | |||
| >mege-yen rez-i dā sât kâr mēku. | |||
| >dikko-m borô xey-e xord-ek he. | |||
| >agar hami akeš-a šesse-bi-ya velât-ešu hargese-tu meymu dâri-šu az yâð nemēšu. | |||
| >ke-š čer-om ze? | |||
See also
- Lari dialect
- Dialects of Fars
- Persian dialects and varieties
- Southwestern Iranian languages
- Iranian languagesIranian languagesThe Iranian languages form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn is a subgroup of Indo-European language family. They have been and are spoken by Iranian peoples....
Further reading
- Morgenstierne, G., 1960. Stray notes on Persian dialects, II, Fârs Dialects-Davâni. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, XIX, 123–129.
- Hasamzada-Haqiqi, C., 1970. Guyeše Davâni (Davani Dialect), in Proceedings of the First Congress of Iranian Studies. Tehran University, 77–98.
- Mahamedi, H., 1979. On the verbal system in three Iranian dialects of Fârs, in Studia Iranica, VIII, 2, 277–297.
- Salami, A., 1381 APIranian calendarThe Iranian calendars or sometimes called Persian calendars are a succession of calendars invented or used for over two millennia in Greater Iran...
/ 2002 ADGregorian calendarThe Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...
. Farhange guyeše Davâni (The Dictionary of Davani dialect). The academy of Persian language and literature. http://www.persianacademy.net/fa/davani.aspx ISBN 964-7531-03-6 (in Persian).