DPH1
Encyclopedia
Diphthamide biosynthesis protein 1 is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the DPH1 gene
. It encodes a protein that modifies histidine
-699 on eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 to diphthamide
. This modification appears to be important in the translation (genetics)
of Cyclin D
in ovarian cells
. OVCA1 is mutated in 90% of ovarian cancer
s end stage, usually by loss of heterozygosity
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the DPH1 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. It encodes a protein that modifies histidine
Histidine
Histidine Histidine, an essential amino acid, has a positively charged imidazole functional group. It is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are CAU and CAC. Histidine was first isolated by German physician Albrecht Kossel in 1896. Histidine is an essential amino acid in humans...
-699 on eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 to diphthamide
Diphthamide
Diphthamide is a modified histidine amino acid found in eukaryotic elongation factor 2 .It is usually found at position H715 in mammalian eEF2 . This residue is modified by the protein encoded by the OVCA1 gene . DPH1 knockout mice are inviable while heterozygotes develop diverse types of...
. This modification appears to be important in the translation (genetics)
Translation (genetics)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the third stage of protein biosynthesis . In translation, messenger RNA produced by transcription is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein...
of Cyclin D
Cyclin D
Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. The synthesis of cyclin D is initiated during G1 and drives the G1/S phase transition...
in ovarian cells
Ovary
The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in anatomically female individuals are analogous to testes in anatomically male individuals, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.-Human anatomy:Ovaries...
. OVCA1 is mutated in 90% of ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from the ovary. Symptoms are frequently very subtle early on and may include: bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating and frequent urination, and are easily confused with other illnesses....
s end stage, usually by loss of heterozygosity
Loss of heterozygosity
Loss of heterozygosity in a cell is the loss of normal function of one allele of a gene in which the other allele was already inactivated. This term is mostly used in the context of oncogenesis; after an inactivating mutation in one allele of a tumor suppressor gene occurs in the parent's germline...
.