Constitutional Court of Romania
Encyclopedia
The Constitutional Court of Romania is the institution which rules on whether the laws, decrees or other bills enacted by Romania
n authorities are in conformity with the Constitution
.
It consists of nine members serving nine-year terms which cannot be extended, with three members each appointed by the President
, the Senate
and the Chamber of Deputies
. Three members are renewed every three years, with the latest renewal having occurred in 2010.
LEGEND
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n authorities are in conformity with the Constitution
Constitution of Romania
The 1991 Constitution of Romania, adopted on 21 November 1991, voted in the referendum of 8 December 1991 and introduced on the same day, is the current fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the country's citizens, and its mode...
.
It consists of nine members serving nine-year terms which cannot be extended, with three members each appointed by the President
President of Romania
The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
, the Senate
Senate of Romania
The Senate of Romania is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 137 seats , to which members are elected by direct popular vote, using Mixed member proportional representation in 42 electoral districts , to serve four-year terms.-Former location:After the Romanian...
and the Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Deputies of Romania
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 315 seats, to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms...
. Three members are renewed every three years, with the latest renewal having occurred in 2010.
Powers
According to the Article 144 of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court exercises the following powers:- to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws, before promulgation, upon notification by the President of RomaniaPresident of RomaniaThe President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
, by the President of either Chamber of ParliamentParliament of RomaniaThe Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers:*The Chamber of Deputies*The SenatePrior to the modifications of the Constitution in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses...
, by the GovernmentGovernment of RomaniaThe Government of Romania forms one half of the country's executive branch . It is headed by the Prime-Minister, and consists of the Ministries, various subordinated institutions and agencies, and the 42 Prefectures...
, the Supreme Court of JusticeHigh Court of Cassation and JusticeThe High Court of Cassation and Justice is Romania's supreme court, and the court of last resort. It is the equivalent of France's Cour de cassation and serves a similar function to other courts of cassation around the world...
, by a number of at least 50 Deputies or at least 25 Senators, as well as, ex officio, on initiatives to revise the Constitution - to adjudicate on the constitutionality of the Standing Orders of Parliament, upon notification by the President of either Chamber, by a parliamentary group or a number of at least 50 Deputies or at least 25 Senators
- to decide on exceptions brought to the Courts of law as to the unconstitutionality of laws and orders
- to guard the observance of the procedure for the election of the President of Romania and to confirm the ballot returns
- to ascertain the circumstances which justify the interim in the exercise of office of President of Romania, and to report its findings to Parliament and the Government
- to give advisory opinion on the proposal to suspend the President of Romania from office
- to guard the observance of the procedure for the organization and holding of a referendumReferendumA referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
, and to confirm its returns - to check on compliance with the conditions for the exercise of the legislative initiative by citizens
- to decide on objections of unconstitutionality of a political party
Members
Since it was created in 1992, the Constitutional Court had the following composition.LEGEND
- Bolded names denote current members;
- Italicsa names denote proposals pending validation
-
* denotes a President (former or current) of the Court; -
d - judge died in office; -
r - judge resigned.
| Years | Appointed by the Senate Senate of Romania The Senate of Romania is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 137 seats , to which members are elected by direct popular vote, using Mixed member proportional representation in 42 electoral districts , to serve four-year terms.-Former location:After the Romanian... |
Appointed by the Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Romania The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 315 seats, to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms... |
Appointed by the President President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms... |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Fazakás Miklosd | Viorel-Mihai Ciobanu | Antonie Iorgovanr | Ion Filipescu | Victor-Dan Zlătescu | Ioan Muraru *(1995 - 1998) | Vasile Gionea * | Mihai Constantinescu | Florin Bucur Vasilescu |
| 1993 | |||||||||
| 1994 | |||||||||
| 1995 | Costică Bulai | Lucian Stângu | Ioan Deleanur | ||||||
| 1996 | Romul Petru Vonica | Nicolae Popa * | |||||||
| 1997 | |||||||||
| 1998 | Kozsokár Gábor | Constantin Doldurr | Lucian Mihair *(1998 - 2001) | ||||||
| 1999 | |||||||||
| 2000 | |||||||||
| 2001 | Nicolae Cochinescu | Ioan Vida * | Şerban Viorel Stănoiu | Petre Ninosud | |||||
| 2002 | |||||||||
| 2003 | |||||||||
| 2004 | Ion Predescu *(2010 interim) | Aspazia Cojocaru | Acsinte Gaspar | ||||||
| 2005 | |||||||||
| 2006 | |||||||||
| 2007 | Valentin-Zoltán Puskás | Tudorel Toader | Augustin Zegrean * | ||||||
| 2008 | Petre Lăzăroiu | ||||||||
| 2009 | |||||||||
| 2010 | Iulia Antoanella Motoc | Ştefan Minea | Petre Lăzăroiu | ||||||
| 2011 | |||||||||
| 2012 | |||||||||
| 2013 | |||||||||
| 2014 | |||||||||
| 2015 | |||||||||
| 2016 | |||||||||
| 2017 | |||||||||
| 2018 | |||||||||
| 2019 | |||||||||
See also
- Courts in RomaniaCourts in RomaniaRomania has a civil law system, based on the French model, with various levels of court hierarchy:*Local courts *40 county courts and the Bucharest Municipal Court *15 Courts of Appeal...
- JudiciaryJudiciaryThe judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes...
- Rule of lawRule of lawThe rule of law, sometimes called supremacy of law, is a legal maxim that says that governmental decisions should be made by applying known principles or laws with minimal discretion in their application...
- Rule According to Higher LawRule according to higher lawThe rule according to a higher law means that no written law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms with certain unwritten, universal principles of fairness, morality, and justice...