Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Encyclopedia
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program of 1988, also known as CARP, is a Philippine state policy
that ensures and promotes welfare of landless farmer
s and farm workers, as well as elevation of social justice
and equity among rural areas. CARP was established by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (CARL) which aimed for a nation with equitable land ownership and empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries while, at least, improving social lives.
The law was outlined by former President
Corazon C. Aquino through Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on June 22, 1987. The law was finally enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines
and signed by Aquino on June 10, 1988.
Presidential Decree 27
In 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos
, issued a second presidential order after the Martial Law, stating that the Philippines is a land reform nation. A month later, he issued Presidential Decree No. 27 which detailed the first comprehensive agrarian reform order that was attempted in the country. According to the law, an individual cannot own more than seven hectares of land. If this may happen, the remaining area will be parceled out and will be divided into individual tenants. Such tenant may enjoy a maximum of three hectares of irrigated land, or five hectares of unused land, where the new owners will pay royalty taxes and the computable amount of land to the original landholders for a maximum of fifteen years. If, however, there are sharecroppers sharing lands with less than seven hectares of land area, the land will be converted to leaseholders with fixed rents. Only rice and corn fields were included to the PD 27.
Agrarian reform
Agrarian reform can refer either, narrowly, to government-initiated or government-backed redistribution of agricultural land or, broadly, to an overall redirection of the agrarian system of the country, which often includes land reform measures. Agrarian reform can include credit measures,...
Program of 1988, also known as CARP, is a Philippine state policy
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
that ensures and promotes welfare of landless farmer
Farmer
A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, who raises living organisms for food or raw materials, generally including livestock husbandry and growing crops, such as produce and grain...
s and farm workers, as well as elevation of social justice
Social justice
Social justice generally refers to the idea of creating a society or institution that is based on the principles of equality and solidarity, that understands and values human rights, and that recognizes the dignity of every human being. The term and modern concept of "social justice" was coined by...
and equity among rural areas. CARP was established by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (CARL) which aimed for a nation with equitable land ownership and empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries while, at least, improving social lives.
The law was outlined by former President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
Corazon C. Aquino through Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on June 22, 1987. The law was finally enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines
8th Congress of the Philippines
The Eighth Congress of the Philippines is the meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives after the ratification of the Constitution of the Philippines in 1987.-Sessions:**First Special Session: July 14...
and signed by Aquino on June 10, 1988.
Presidential Decree 27
In 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
, issued a second presidential order after the Martial Law, stating that the Philippines is a land reform nation. A month later, he issued Presidential Decree No. 27 which detailed the first comprehensive agrarian reform order that was attempted in the country. According to the law, an individual cannot own more than seven hectares of land. If this may happen, the remaining area will be parceled out and will be divided into individual tenants. Such tenant may enjoy a maximum of three hectares of irrigated land, or five hectares of unused land, where the new owners will pay royalty taxes and the computable amount of land to the original landholders for a maximum of fifteen years. If, however, there are sharecroppers sharing lands with less than seven hectares of land area, the land will be converted to leaseholders with fixed rents. Only rice and corn fields were included to the PD 27.