Cloacal exstrophy
Encyclopedia
Cloacal exstrophy is a severe birth defect wherein much of the abdominal organs (the bladder
and intestines) are exposed. It often causes the splitting of both male
and female
genitalia (specifically, the penis
and clitoris
respectively), and the anus
is occasionally sealed.
Cloacal exstrophy is an extremely rare birth defect, present in only one in 200,000 pregnancies - one in 400,000 live births.
It is caused by a defect of the ventral body wall - mesoderm
al migration is inhibited and folding fails.
Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. A hollow muscular, and distensible organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor...
and intestines) are exposed. It often causes the splitting of both male
Male
Male refers to the biological sex of an organism, or part of an organism, which produces small mobile gametes, called spermatozoa. Each spermatozoon can fuse with a larger female gamete or ovum, in the process of fertilization...
and female
Female
Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces non-mobile ova .- Defining characteristics :The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon, is produced by the male...
genitalia (specifically, the penis
Penis
The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
and clitoris
Clitoris
The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present only in female mammals. In humans, the visible button-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina. Unlike the penis, which is homologous to the clitoris, the clitoris does not...
respectively), and the anus
Anus
The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
is occasionally sealed.
Cloacal exstrophy is an extremely rare birth defect, present in only one in 200,000 pregnancies - one in 400,000 live births.
It is caused by a defect of the ventral body wall - mesoderm
Mesoderm
In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm and endoderm , with the mesoderm as the middle layer between them.The mesoderm forms mesenchyme , mesothelium, non-epithelial blood corpuscles and...
al migration is inhibited and folding fails.