Clavatulidae
Encyclopedia
Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family
of sea snail
s, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea
.
The family is not well differentiated morphologically.
Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It is no longer regarded as a subfamily of Turridae
by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).
This family has no subfamilies.
is rather high. The aperture
is oval and mostly white. The operculum
has a medio-lateral nucleus. The siphonal canal
varies between rather short (e.g. Pusionella compacta
) to moderately long and slightly incurved (e.g. Fusiturris undatiruga
). The anal sinus varies from very shallow to rather deep. The outer lip
can be slightly incurved and serrated on its side. The subsutural ramp is usually well developed. The sculpture
of the shell in this family shows various forms, going from a rather smooth surface (e.g. Gemmuloborsonia colorata) to being finely ribbed longitudinally and striated transversally. The stenoglossan radula
has the formula 1-(1-R-1)-1
Genera moved to other families:
Genera brought into synonymy:
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of sea snail
Snail
Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...
s, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea
Conoidea
Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and considered by one authority to contain 4,000 named living species...
.
The family is not well differentiated morphologically.
Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It is no longer regarded as a subfamily of Turridae
Turridae
Turridae, , is a large taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, that vary in size from minute to moderately large. With more than 4,000 species, the Turridae is the largest mollusk family and group of marine caenogastropods...
by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).
This family has no subfamilies.
General characteristics
This family consists of species with a medium-sized to rather large fusiform shell. The oblong, pointed spireSpire (mollusc)
A spire is a descriptive term for part of the coiled shell of mollusks. The word is a convenient aid in describing shells, but it does not refer to a very precise part of shell anatomy: the spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl...
is rather high. The aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....
is oval and mostly white. The operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
has a medio-lateral nucleus. The siphonal canal
Siphonal canal
Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is drawn into the mantle cavity and over the gill and which serves as a chemoreceptor to locate food. In many carnivorous snails, where the siphon is particularly long, the structure...
varies between rather short (e.g. Pusionella compacta
Pusionella compacta
Pusionella compacta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. -External links:*...
) to moderately long and slightly incurved (e.g. Fusiturris undatiruga
Fusiturris undatiruga
Fusiturris undatiruga, common name the wrinkled turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.-Description:...
). The anal sinus varies from very shallow to rather deep. The outer lip
Lip (gastropod)
In the shell of a gastropod mollusk , the margin of the aperture is called the lip or the peristome. In other words, this is a term used to describe part of gastropod shell anatomy....
can be slightly incurved and serrated on its side. The subsutural ramp is usually well developed. The sculpture
Sculpture (mollusc)
The sculpture of a mollusc shell is the three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface, as distinct from the basic shape of the shell itself or colouration. Sculpture may be concave as well as convex. Sometimes it has microscopic detail. Sculpture refers to the calcareous outer layer, not the...
of the shell in this family shows various forms, going from a rather smooth surface (e.g. Gemmuloborsonia colorata) to being finely ribbed longitudinally and striated transversally. The stenoglossan radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...
has the formula 1-(1-R-1)-1
Genera
Genera in the family Clavatulidae include:- BenthoclionellaBenthoclionellaBenthoclionella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Species:Species within the genus Benthoclionella include:* Benthoclionella jenneri Kilburn, 1974...
Kilburn, 1974 - CaliendrulaCaliendrulaCaliendrula is a genus of sea snail marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. The species Latiaxis elstoni was recently reclassified to the Caliendrula genus.-Species:...
Kilburn, 1985 - ClavatulaClavatulaClavatula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Description:In this genus, the shell is fusiform, with a well-produced spire. The whorls are coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture;. The aperture is oval. The columellar lip is smooth,...
Lamarck, 1801 - ClionellaClionellaClionella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Description:The shell of the species in this genus is narrowly bucciniform and turriculated. The whorls are somewhat flattened, longitudinally ribbed, and have a thick epidermis. The spire of the shell is...
Gray, 1847 - ? FusiturrisFusiturrisFusiturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.-Species:Species within the genus Fusiturris include:* Fusiturris amianta * Fusiturris pluteata...
Thiele, 1929 - ? GemmuloborsoniaGemmuloborsoniaGemmuloborsonia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. This genus is provisionally included in the family Clavatulidae as the characters of the shell and the radula of this genus resemble more the characters of this family than those of the family...
Shuto, 1989 - MakiyamaiaMakiyamaiaMakiyamaia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Species:Species within the genus Makiyamaia include:* Makiyamaia coreanica * Makiyamaia cornulabrum Kuroda, 1961...
Kuroda, 1961 - PerronaPerronaPerrona is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Description:In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the suture...
Schumacher, 1817 - PusionellaPusionellaPusionella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.-Description:The fusiform shell is solid, smooth and shining. The whorls are numerous. The spire is sharp. The lip lacks an anal sinus. The siphonal canal is short, exteriorly carinated at the base. The...
Gray, 1847 - ScaevatulaScaevatulaScaevatula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Species:Species within the genus Scaevatula* Scaevatula amancicoi Rolan & Fernandes, 1992* Scaevatula pellisserpentis Gofas, 1990...
Gofas, 1990 - TomellanaTomellanaTomellana is a genus of sea snail marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.Tomellana is a replacement name for Tomella Swainson, 1840, a junior homonym of Tomella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830...
Wenz, 1943 - ToxiclionellaToxiclionellaToxiclionella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Species:Species within the genus Toxiclionella include:* Toxiclionella elstoni * Toxiclionella haliplex...
Powell, 1966 - TrachydrilliaTrachydrilliaTrachydrillia is a genus of sea snail marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.-References:* Nolf F. & Swinnen F. A new genus and species of "Drillia-like" turrids from Senegal. Neptunea 9: 17-22....
Nolf & Swinnen, 2010 - TurriculaTurricula (gastropod)Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists...
Schumacher, 1817
Genera moved to other families:
- Danilacarina Bozzetti, 1997 moved to CochlespiridaeCochlespiridaeCochlespiridae is a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.This family is not well differentiated morphologically, and there is poor congruence between the molecular and shell characters. Its limits are uncertain...
- IwaoaIwaoaIwaoa is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Horaiclavidae....
Kuroda, 1953 moved to HoraiclavidaeHoraiclavidaeHoraiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- Genera :Genera within the family Horaiclavidae include:* Anacithara Hedley, 1922* Anguloclavus Shuto, 1983...
Genera brought into synonymy:
- Melatoma Swainson, 1840 : synonym of ClionellaClionellaClionella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. -Description:The shell of the species in this genus is narrowly bucciniform and turriculated. The whorls are somewhat flattened, longitudinally ribbed, and have a thick epidermis. The spire of the shell is...
Gray, 1847 - Netrum Philippi, 1850 : synonym of PusionellaPusionellaPusionella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.-Description:The fusiform shell is solid, smooth and shining. The whorls are numerous. The spire is sharp. The lip lacks an anal sinus. The siphonal canal is short, exteriorly carinated at the base. The...
Gray, 1847 - Surcula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of TurriculaTurricula (gastropod)Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists...
Schumacher, 1817 - TomellaTomellaTomella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.This name is no longer valid as it is a junior homonym of Tomella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830...
Swainson, 1840 : synonym of TomellanaTomellanaTomellana is a genus of sea snail marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.Tomellana is a replacement name for Tomella Swainson, 1840, a junior homonym of Tomella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830...
Wenz, 1943 - Tyrrhenoturris Coen, 1929: synonym of FusiturrisFusiturrisFusiturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.-Species:Species within the genus Fusiturris include:* Fusiturris amianta * Fusiturris pluteata...
Thiele, 1929