Clanculus is a genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of sea snail, marine

Marine (ocean)

Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 gastropod molluscs of the family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 Trochidae

Trochidae

The Trochidae, common name top snails, are a taxonomic family of very small to large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda ....

, the top shells.

Distribution

Clanculus is an old genus. Fossils found in Italy date from the Pliocene

Pliocene

The Pliocene Epoch is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.332 million to 2.588 million years before present. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch...

 (C. corallinus, C. elevatus, C. bonfittoi, C. jussieui) The distribution of this genus is worldwide, individuals of some species sometimes occur in great numbers, from the intertidal zone

Intertidal zone

The intertidal zone is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide . This area can include many different types of habitats, with many types of animals like starfish, sea urchins, and some species of coral...

 up to depths of 200 m. Many species can be found in Australia, New Zealand, the Indo-Pacific, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Japan, South Africa, Zanzibar, Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, West Africa, Angola, North Africa and Europe.

Shell description

These top shells are wide-conical and low spired. Their spirally ribbed sculpture

Sculpture (mollusc)

The sculpture of a mollusc shell is the three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface, as distinct from the basic shape of the shell itself or colouration. Sculpture may be concave as well as convex. Sometimes it has microscopic detail. Sculpture refers to the calcareous outer layer, not the...

 consists of conspicuous regular rows of robust, round beads. The whorl

Whorl (mollusc)

A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the...

s show a profile with a deep suture

Suture (anatomical)

In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an animal, with or without significant overlap of the elements....

 and the final whorl inflated. The aperture

Aperture (mollusc)

The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....

 of the shell is oval, with a strongly ridged lip. The umbilicus is generally deep. The color of the shell varies between orange, dark red, and chocolate brown.

Species

The type species, Clanculus pharaonius, was described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Trochus pharaonius.

• Clanculus africatena J.R. Tomlin
• Clanculus albanyensis Jansen, 1995
• Clanculus albinus A. Adams, 1853
• Clanculus albugo
• Clanculus aloysi Tenison Woods
  Julian Tenison Woods
  Julian Edmund Tenison Woods was an English Roman Catholic priest and geologist, active in Australia. With Saint Mary MacKillop, he helped to found the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart at Penola in 1866....
  
  , 1876
• Clanculus amaeunus R. A. Philippi, 1852
• Clanculus anus Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  
• Clanculus araonis Monfort 1810
• Clanculus articulata
• Clanculus atricatena
  Clanculus atricatena
  Clanculus atricatena, common name the black-chained topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-Description:The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 20 mm.-References:...
  
  J.R. Tomlin, 1921
• Clanculus ater
  Clanculus ater
  Clanculus ater, common name the topsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Pilsbry, 1911
• Clanculus atricatenus
  Clanculus atricatenus
  Clanculus atricatena, common name the black-chained topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-Description:The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 20 mm.-References:...
  
  Tomlin, 1921
• Clanculus atropurpureus A.A. Gould 1849
• Clanculus baccatus (Deference 1824)
• Clanculus bathyraphe (E. A. Smith
  Edgar Albert Smith
  Edgar Albert Smith was a British zoologist, a malacologist.His father was the Frederick Smith, a well-known entomologist, and Assistant Keeper of Zoology in the British Museum, Bloomsbury...
  
  , 1862)
• Clanculus bertheloti
• Clanculus berthelotii
  Clanculus berthelotii
  Clanculus berthelotii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (d'Orbigny, 1840)
• Clanculus berthelotti d'Orbigny, 1839
• Clanculus bicarinatus Angas
  George French Angas
  George French Angas , was an English explorer, naturalist and painter.He was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the eldest son of George Fife Angas, prominent in the establishment of the new colony of South Australia. Despite showing remarkable talent in drawing, he was placed in a London...
  
  , 1880
• Clanculus bicrenatus Gould
• Clanculus blandus
• Clanculus boyeti
  Clanculus boyeti
  Clanculus boyeti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
• Clanculus bronni (R.W. Dunker, 1860)
  • Clanculus bronni ssp. fraterculus H. A. Pilsbry, 1904
• Clanculus brunneus A. Adams, 1853
• Clanculus buijsei
  Clanculus buijsei
  Clanculus buijsei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-References:* Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Dekker H. The Seguenziidae, Chilodontidae, Trochidae, Calliostomatidae and Solariellidae of the Philippine Islands. Visaya Supplement 2: 1-228....
  
  Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
• Clanculus callicoccus Phil
• Clanculus capensis
• Clanculus cariniferus Beck
• Clanculus ceylonicus G.& H. Nevill
• Clanculus clanguloides
  Clanculus clanguloides
  Clanculus clanguloides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Wood, 1828
• Clanculus clangulus (Wood, 1828)
• Clanculus clanzulus Wood
• Clanculus clippertonensis
• Clanculus cognatus (Pilsbry, 1903)
• Clanculus comarilis Ch. Hedley, 1912
• Clanculus concavus Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
  
  
• Clanculus consobrinus R. Tate, 1893
• Clanculus consorbrinus Monfort 1810
• Clanculus conspersus A. Adams, 1853
• Clanculus corallinus
  Clanculus corallinus
  Clanculus corallinus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
  
  , 1791)
• Clanculus couturii Payraudeau
• Clanculus crassilabrum Sowerby
• Clanculus cristinae
  Clanculus cristinae
  Clanculus cristinae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Rubio & Rolan, 2002
• Clanculus cruciatus
  Clanculus cruciatus
  Clanculus cruciatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Clanculus denticulatus (Gray, 1827)
• Clanculus dunkeri (Koch, 1843)
• Clanculus edentulus A. Adams, 1853
• Clanculus eruciatus
• Clanculus escondidus
  Clanculus escondidus
  Clanculus escondidus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Poppe, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2009
• Clanculus erythraeus Broc.
• Clanculus eucarinatus Monfort 1810
• Clanculus euchelioides R. Tate, 1893
• Clanculus exquisita
• Clanculus flagellatus (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1848)
• Clanculus floridus (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1850)
• Clanculus flosculus
  Clanculus flosculus
  Clanculus flosculus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-External links:*...
  
  Fischer
• Clanculus gatliffi Tomlin, 1924
• Clanculus gemmatus Gould
• Clanculus gemmulifer H. A. Pilsbry, 1901
  • Clanculus gemmulifer ssp. pallidus H. A. Pilsbry
    Henry Augustus Pilsbry
    Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...
    
    , 1903
• Clanculus godeffroyi
• Clanculus granifer Monfort 1810
• Clanculus granoliratus T. A. di Monterosato, 1889
• Clanculus granti Ch. Hedley, 1907
• Clanculus granulata Gray
• Clanculus guineensis
  Clanculus guineensis
  Clanculus guineensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
  
  , 1791
• Clanculus hizenensis Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...
  
  , 1901
• Clanculus hizenensis fraterculus
• Clanculus jessieni Payr
• Clanculus jissieni Payr
• Clanculus johnstoni Ch. Hedley, 1917
• Clanculus jucundus Gould, 1861
• Clanculus jussieui
  Clanculus jussieui
  Clanculus jussieui is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (Payraudeau, 1826)
• Clanculus kinzelbachi F. Nordsieck, 1982
• Clanculus kochii Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  

• Clanculus korkosi
  Clanculus korkosi
  Clanculus korkosi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Singer et al., 2000
• Clanculus largillierti (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  )
• Clanculus laurae
  Clanculus laurae
  Clanculus laurae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Cecalupo, Buzzurro & Mariani, 2008
• Clanculus leucomphalus Verco, 1905
• Clanculus limbatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
• Clanculus mangeri Wood
• Clanculus margaritaceus
• Clanculus margaritarius
  Clanculus margaritarius
  Clanculus margaritarius is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1849)
• Clanculus margaritarius ssp. margaritarius
  • Clanculus margaritarius ssp. multipunctatus Jansen, 1995
• Clanculus mariaemaris
  Clanculus mariaemaris
  Clanculus mariaemaris is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Rubio & Rolan, 2002
• Clanculus maugeri (Wood, 1828)
• Clanculus maxillatus (C.T. Menke, 1843)
• Clanculus microdon Monfort 1810
  • Clanculus microdon ater H. A. Pilsbry, 1911
• Clanculus microdonator Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...
  
  
• Clanculus miniatus
  Clanculus miniatus
  Clanculus miniatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (H.E. Anton, 1839)
• Clanculus minor A. Adams, 1853
• Clanculus mixtus E.A. Smith, 1903
• Clanculus multiliratus
• Clanculus multipunctatus Jansen, 1995
• Clanculus natalensis Herbert, 1993
• Clanculus niger
• Clanculus nigricans
• Clanculus ochroleucus (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1853)
• Clanculus omalomphalus
• Clanculus omphalus A. Adams
  Arthur Adams (zoologist)
  Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist.Adams was assistant surgeon on board H.M.S. "Actaeon" in company with HMS Samarang in the British Navy during the survey of the Malay Archipelago, the Japan Sea, Korea and China,from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S....
  
  , 1853
  • Clanculus omalomphalus ssp. brunneus A. Adams, 1853
• Clanculus ormophorus A. Adams
  Arthur Adams (zoologist)
  Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist.Adams was assistant surgeon on board H.M.S. "Actaeon" in company with HMS Samarang in the British Navy during the survey of the Malay Archipelago, the Japan Sea, Korea and China,from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S....
  
  , 1854
• Clanculus patagonicus d'Orbigny
• Clanculus peccatus
  Clanculus peccatus
  Clanculus peccatus is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-References:...
  
  (Finlay, 1927)
• Clanculus persicus Habe & Shikama, 1964
• Clanculus personatus (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1846)
• Clanculus pharaonius
  Clanculus pharaonius
  Clanculus pharaonius, common name the strawberry topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Clanculus philippi (Koch, 1843)
• Clanculus pietzae
  Clanculus pietzae
  Clanculus pietzae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Rubio & Rolan, 2002
• Clanculus pini
  Clanculus pini
  Clanculus pini is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Rubio & Rolan, 2002
• Clanculus plebejus (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  ) 1851
• Clanculus providentiae (Melvill, 1909)
• Clanculus pseudocorallinus
  Clanculus pseudocorallinus
  Clanculus pseudocorallinus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Gofas, 1984
• Clanculus puniceus
  Clanculus puniceus
  Clanculus puniceus, common name the "strawberry top shell" is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top shells. -Shell description:...
  
  (Philippi, 1846)
• Clanculus quadricingulatus Monfort 1810
• Clanculus quineensis Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
  
  
• Clanculus radiatus Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
  
  
• Clanculus rarus
  Clanculus rarus
  Clanculus rarus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  (Dufo, 1840)
• Clanculus relictus S. Kosuge & Koizumi, 1990
• Clanculus rembangensis
• Clanculus reticulatus
• Clanculus richeri
  Clanculus richeri
  Clanculus richeri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Vilvens, 2000
• Clanculus ringens C.T. Menke, 1843
• Clanculus robertsi Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...
  
  
• Clanculus rotellina A. A. Gould, 1849
• Clanculus rubicundus Dunker, 1871
• Clanculus rubra Dunker
• Clanculus sandwichensis Souleyet
• Clanculus santamariae
  Clanculus santamariae
  Clanculus santamariae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Gofas, 1984
• Clanculus scabrosus (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1850)
• Clanculus scotti
  Clanculus scotti
  Clanculus scotti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
• Clanculus septenarium J. C. Melvill & R. Standen, 1899
• Clanculus simoni
  Clanculus simoni
  Clanculus simoni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails....
  
  Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
• Clanculus smithi
• Clanculus spadiceus Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1848
• Clanculus stigmatarius
  Clanculus stigmatarius
  Clanculus stigmatarius is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-Description:This species has a widely conical trochid shell, with a more highly raised spire than is typical for the genus. The shell has spirally ribbed sculpture consisting of...
  
  A. Adams
  Arthur Adams (zoologist)
  Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist.Adams was assistant surgeon on board H.M.S. "Actaeon" in company with HMS Samarang in the British Navy during the survey of the Malay Archipelago, the Japan Sea, Korea and China,from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S....
  
  , 1853
• Clanculus striatus T. A. di Monterosato, 1879
• Clanculus thomasi (Crosse, 1864)
• Clanculus tonnerrei
  Clanculus tonnerrei
  Clanculus tonnerrei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-Distribution:This species occurs in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Djibouti, the Mascarene basin, Kenya, Mozambique and Tanzania.-References:* Drivas, J. & M. Jay ....
  
  (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
• Clanculus undatoides J. E. Tennison-Woods, 1879
• Clanculus undatus (Lamarck, 1816)
• Clanculus undatus ssp. occiduus
• Clanculus urbanus
• Clanculus villanus
  Clanculus villanus
  Clanculus villanus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.-Description:The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 21 mm.-References:...
  
  (Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
  , 1846)
• Clanculus waltonae Sowerby, 1892
• Clanculus weedingi Cotton, 1938
• Clanculus yatesii Crosse

Species brought into synonymy :

• Clanculus assabensis Caramagna, 1888 : synonym of Clanculus tonnerrei (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
• Clanculus danieli Crosse, 1862 : synonym of Eurytrochus danieli (Crosse, 1862)
• Clanculus gennesi Fischer, 1901 : synonym of Clanculus tonnerrei (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
• Clanculus gibbonsi Sowerby : synonym of Clanculus tonnerrei (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
• Clanculus granosus J. Brazier, 1877 : synonym of Clanculus bronni Dunker, 1860
• Clanculus kraussi Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi
  Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
  
   in Martini & Chemnitz, 1849 : synonym of Clanculus atricatena Tomlin, 1921
• Clanculus puniceus (Linnaeus, 1758) : synonym of Clanculus atricatena Tomlin, 1921
• Clanculus unedo (A. Adams
  Arthur Adams (zoologist)
  Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist.Adams was assistant surgeon on board H.M.S. "Actaeon" in company with HMS Samarang in the British Navy during the survey of the Malay Archipelago, the Japan Sea, Korea and China,from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S....
  
  ) : synonym of Clanculus bronni Dunker, 1860