Clan Drummond
Encyclopedia
Clan Drummond is a Scottish clan
deriving its name from the parish of Drymen
, in what was western Stirlingshire
. Legend gives Maurice of Hungary as founder of the clan. The name is rendered "Druimeanach" in modern Scottish Gaelic.
, who is said to have accompanied Edgar Ætheling
, heir to the English throne, and his sister Saint Margaret of Scotland
, when they sailed there in 1066 to escape the Norman conquest of England.
This disregards accepted history that Edgar and Margaret were brought to England in 1057 by their father, Edward the Exile: Edward died immediately (some say he may have been murdered), and his children lived at the Court of England's King Edward 'the Confessor' with their mother Agatha. Edgar, about thirteen in 1066, was elected king of England after the battle of Hastings and the death of his cousin King Harold II, but together with the rest of the English government submitted to Guillaume (William) of Normandy, afterwards King of England, at Berkhamsted two months later (16 December 1066). He later sailed to Scotland, accompanied by his mother Agatha and sisters Margaret and Christian, several years after 1066. In turn Maurice was the son of György
, who, according to Europaeische Stammtafeln (E.S.), went to Scotland in 1055 and became ancestor of the Drummond family. E.S. cites a 1959 work published in Warsaw as the source for this. It has long been asserted that the Drummond family was founded by a Hungarian who returned to Britain with Edward Ætheling, so this may be true.
According to E.S. and other sources,György was the son of a Non-Christian marriage of Endre I (András I or Andrew I), afterwards, Apostolic King of Hungary, to a Hungarian woman, before Endre 's conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. Endres subsequent Christian marriage to a Russian
Orthodox
Princess, rendered the non-Christian children of his first marriage illegitimate under Catholic
Canon law
, and therefore with no rights to the now Christian Hungarian Throne. Consequently, György was obliged to leave Hungary, settling in Scotland, and founding the Drummond family, possibly named from the lands of Druiman which were granted to him either by MacBethad, or Malcolm III of Scotland
. His choice of Scotland was very likely linked to the exiled English Royal House, since they had previously resided at the Court of István (Stephen I), King of Hungary, and after the submission of Harold II of England to William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy in December 1066, arrived in Scotland where they were warmly received by Scotland's King Mael-Coluim III who married Edgar's sister Margaret in 1070.
If the account given by Europaeische Stammtafeln is based on fact, then the present Earl of Perth, Chief of Clan Drummond, is a living representative of the original male line of the Royal House of Árpád
, the founding dynasty of Hungarian kings.
Clan Drummond fought against the English at the Battle of Dunbar
in 1296. The clan's first recorded chief to take the name was Malcolm Beg, whose third son, also called Malcolm, fought at the Battle of Bannockburn
in 1314. He is credited with the deployment of caltrop
s, tetrahedral iron spikes which when thrown onto the ground always have one spike uppermost to injure horses and unseat cavalry. They were spread prior to the battle. After the battle the clan was given lands in Perthshire
by king Robert I of Scotland
(Robert the Bruce). Malcolm's great-granddaughter, Annabella
became the mother of King James I of Scotland
in 1394.
The Clan Drummond gained more land in 1345 when chief John Drummond married an heiress of the Montfichets and became John Drummond of Stobhall. John's sister Margaret Drummond married David II of Scotland
but they had no children. In 1357, John's daughter, Annabella Drummond married, John Stewart, Earl of Carrick
and future High Steward of Scotland
and King Robert III of Scotland
.
, David II of Scotland
's wife. His brother John's great-grandson, also John, became a Lord of Parliament and the first Lord Drummond. One year of his life was spent in confinement within Blackness Castle after he assaulted the Lord Lyon, King of Arms. He had a daughter, Margaret
, said to have been secretly married to King James IV
, who died by means of a meal, along with two of her sisters. Although some say it was murder, others claim it was simple food poisoning.
Chief Sir Malcolm Drummond married Isabel Douglas the Countess of Mar
. He obtained the lands of Stobhall from his aunt Queen Margaret who had first obtained it from King David II of Scotland
. Sir Malcolm was murdered in 1403 by a band of Highland marauders, said to have been the Clan Stewart of Appin
led by Alexander Stewart, the son of the Wolf of Badenoch. Malcolm was succeeded by his brother John, whose great-grandson, also called John was made the 1st Lord Drummond.
Chief John, 1st Lord Drummond was judiciary of Scotland, a Privy Councillor, constable of Stirling Castle
and was created a Lord of Parliament on 29 January 1487.
Battle of Knockmary, 1490, This battle was between the two long feuding clans of Clan Murray
against the Clan Drummond and Clan Campbell. David Drummond was later executed for the burning of a group of Murrays in a church.
. She was, to him, "The diamond of Delight." Because of his love for her, James originally declined the marriage to Margaret Tudor
, daughter of the King of Henry VII of England
. It is rumored that James had indeed married Margaret Drummond and was to have her crowned Queen of Scotland. The nobles, mostly lowlanders and border Lords, feared that the Drummonds were becoming too powerful. They decided that Margaret must die, thus forcing James to marry the Tudor Princess. Margaret, and her two sisters, were poisoned. Shortly after, James married Margaret Tudor, which made way for the union of the Scottish and English Crowns a century later.
In 1589 Patrick, 3rd Lord Drummond appointed his deputy kinsmen, John Drummond of Drummond-Ernoch, Royal Forester of Glenartney. It was in this post that he cut off the ears of some of the Clan MacGregor who he had caught poaching. In revenge a party of MacGregors, aided by their cohorts the Macdonalds, attacked Drummond and cut off his head. They then proceeded to John's sister Margaret's residence, Ardvorlich Castle on the banks of Loch Earn. Her husband Alexander Stewart, the Laird of Ardvorlich, was away from home at the time the McGregors and their cohorts the Macdonalds burst in, and demanded bread and cheese. The MacGregors then unwrapped John's bloodied head and crammed its mouth full, placing it on a platter in the middle of the dinner table for their hostess to find when she returned with food and drink for them. On seeing her beloved brother's severed head, Margaret, who was heavily pregnant at the time, almost lost her reason and fled into the woods beneath Ben Vorlich, where by the shores of a small loch she gave birth to her child, a son James Stewart. He grew up to be the famous Major James Stewart of the Covenanting Wars, of whom Sir Walter Scott wrote the book "The Legend of Montrose, telling of his exploits. For what they had done to his mother, he vowed vengeance on the McGregors and played a major role in having the Clan itself proscribed.
James Drummond, descendant of John, Margaret's father, became the first Earl of Perth
in 1605, and his brother John became his successor on his death in 1611, and his sons became Earls of Perth like their father before them. Lord Drummond led his forces in support of the Covanenters against the Royalists at the Battle of Tippermuir
in 1644. The chief of Clan Drummond, third Earl of Perth joined James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
in August 1645 and was taken prisoner at the Battle of Philiphaugh
the following month.
In about 1660 the grandson of James Drummond 1st Lord Madderty established a library in St Mary's chapel, the burial place of Drummonds. Later in 1751 on the same site, Robert Hay Drummond opened Scotland's first public lending library.
During the battles that followed in the decades after the Civil War the Clan Drummond fought at the Battle of Killiecrankie
in 1689.
(later 1st Duke of Perth), had converted to the Catholic Faith, as did his brother, the 1st Earl of Melfort. Therefore during the Jacobite Uprisings the Clan Drummond were largely supporters of the Jacobite cause and the House of Stuart
. Chief James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth joined the jacobites during the rising of 1715 and fought at the Battle of Sheriffmuir
he later fled in exile to France.
However Drummond’s Edinburgh Volunteers Regiment, led by Adam Drummond
fought on the side of the British government at the Battle of Prestonpans
in 1745 and Adam Drummond was captured there.
James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth was born in France but returned to Scotland in 1734 to live at Drummond Castle with his mother. He was one of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
's closest commanders and he was involved in the Siege of Carlisle
. Clan Drummond fought as Jacobites at the Battle of Falkirk (1746)
and the Battle of Culloden
in 1746. At the Battle of Culloden James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth was shot and later died of his wounds, he was buried at sea from a boat which was escaping to France. His brother Lord John Drummond went into exile in France. Their cousin, William Drummond, 4th Viscount Strathallan
was killed during the battle.
For their support of the Jacobite Stewarts through the risings of 1715 and 1745 the property and titles of the Drummonds were twice forfeited. It was not until 1853, through an Act of Parliament, that the title of Earl of Perth and other forfeited titles were restored to George Drummond, who was also in the French peerage as a Baron.
(1876–1951), 16th Earl of Perth, served as the first secretary-general of the League of Nations
. Lord Perth, a Catholic, was also British ambassador to Rome, from 1933 to 1939, and was chief advisor on foreign publicity at the Ministry of Information
during World War II.
His successor, John David Drummond, was able to buy back the family home, Stobhall Castle.
Scottish clan
Scottish clans , give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations throughout the world, with a formal structure of Clan Chiefs recognised by the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which acts as an authority concerning matters of heraldry and Coat of Arms...
deriving its name from the parish of Drymen
Drymen
Drymen is a village in Stirling district in central Scotland. Drymen lies to the west of the Campsie Fells and enjoys views to Dumgoyne on the east and to Loch Lomond on the west...
, in what was western Stirlingshire
Stirlingshire
Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling is a registration county of Scotland, based around Stirling, the former county town. It borders Perthshire to the north, Clackmannanshire and West Lothian to the east, Lanarkshire to the south, and Dunbartonshire to the south-west.Until 1975 it was a county...
. Legend gives Maurice of Hungary as founder of the clan. The name is rendered "Druimeanach" in modern Scottish Gaelic.
Origins of the Clan
Clan traditions credit the founder of the clan as Maurice of Hungary, a Hungarian prince descended from ÁrpádÁrpád
Árpád was the second Grand Prince of the Hungarians . Under his rule the Hungarian people settled in the Carpathian basin. The dynasty descending from him ruled the Hungarian tribes and later the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301...
, who is said to have accompanied Edgar Ætheling
Edgar Ætheling
Edgar Ætheling , or Edgar II, was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex...
, heir to the English throne, and his sister Saint Margaret of Scotland
Saint Margaret of Scotland
Saint Margaret of Scotland , also known as Margaret of Wessex and Queen Margaret of Scotland, was an English princess of the House of Wessex. Born in exile in Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar Ætheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England...
, when they sailed there in 1066 to escape the Norman conquest of England.
This disregards accepted history that Edgar and Margaret were brought to England in 1057 by their father, Edward the Exile: Edward died immediately (some say he may have been murdered), and his children lived at the Court of England's King Edward 'the Confessor' with their mother Agatha. Edgar, about thirteen in 1066, was elected king of England after the battle of Hastings and the death of his cousin King Harold II, but together with the rest of the English government submitted to Guillaume (William) of Normandy, afterwards King of England, at Berkhamsted two months later (16 December 1066). He later sailed to Scotland, accompanied by his mother Agatha and sisters Margaret and Christian, several years after 1066. In turn Maurice was the son of György
György, illegitimate son of Andrew I.
György was illegitimate son of Andrew I. György was the son of a Non-Christian marriage of Andrew I, to a Hungarian woman, before Andrew conversion to the Roman Catholic faith, but subsequent Christian marriage to a Russian Orthodox Princess, rendered the non-Christian children of his first...
, who, according to Europaeische Stammtafeln (E.S.), went to Scotland in 1055 and became ancestor of the Drummond family. E.S. cites a 1959 work published in Warsaw as the source for this. It has long been asserted that the Drummond family was founded by a Hungarian who returned to Britain with Edward Ætheling, so this may be true.
According to E.S. and other sources,György was the son of a Non-Christian marriage of Endre I (András I or Andrew I), afterwards, Apostolic King of Hungary, to a Hungarian woman, before Endre 's conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. Endres subsequent Christian marriage to a Russian
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
Orthodox
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church or, alternatively, the Moscow Patriarchate The ROC is often said to be the largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches in the world; including all the autocephalous churches under its umbrella, its adherents number over 150 million worldwide—about half of the 300 million...
Princess, rendered the non-Christian children of his first marriage illegitimate under Catholic
Canon law (Catholic Church)
The canon law of the Catholic Church, is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code and principles of legal interpretation. It lacks the necessary binding force present in most modern day legal systems. The academic...
Canon law
Canon law
Canon law is the body of laws & regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
, and therefore with no rights to the now Christian Hungarian Throne. Consequently, György was obliged to leave Hungary, settling in Scotland, and founding the Drummond family, possibly named from the lands of Druiman which were granted to him either by MacBethad, or Malcolm III of Scotland
Malcolm III of Scotland
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada , was King of Scots...
. His choice of Scotland was very likely linked to the exiled English Royal House, since they had previously resided at the Court of István (Stephen I), King of Hungary, and after the submission of Harold II of England to William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy in December 1066, arrived in Scotland where they were warmly received by Scotland's King Mael-Coluim III who married Edgar's sister Margaret in 1070.
If the account given by Europaeische Stammtafeln is based on fact, then the present Earl of Perth, Chief of Clan Drummond, is a living representative of the original male line of the Royal House of Árpád
Árpád dynasty
The Árpáds or Arpads was the ruling dynasty of the federation of the Hungarian tribes and of the Kingdom of Hungary . The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Árpád who was the head of the tribal federation when the Magyars occupied the Carpathian Basin, circa 895...
, the founding dynasty of Hungarian kings.
Wars of Scottish Independence
In the 14th century during the Wars of Scottish IndependenceWars of Scottish Independence
The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the independent Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries....
Clan Drummond fought against the English at the Battle of Dunbar
Battle of Dunbar (1296)
The Battle of Dunbar was the only significant field action in the campaign of 1296. King Edward I of England had invaded Scotland in 1296 to punish King John Balliol for his refusal to support English military action in France.-Background:...
in 1296. The clan's first recorded chief to take the name was Malcolm Beg, whose third son, also called Malcolm, fought at the Battle of Bannockburn
Battle of Bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence...
in 1314. He is credited with the deployment of caltrop
Caltrop
A caltrop is an antipersonnel weapon made up of two or more sharp nails or spines arranged in such a manner that one of them always points upward from a stable base...
s, tetrahedral iron spikes which when thrown onto the ground always have one spike uppermost to injure horses and unseat cavalry. They were spread prior to the battle. After the battle the clan was given lands in Perthshire
Perthshire
Perthshire, officially the County of Perth , is a registration county in central Scotland. It extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south...
by king Robert I of Scotland
Robert I of Scotland
Robert I , popularly known as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scots from March 25, 1306, until his death in 1329.His paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage , and...
(Robert the Bruce). Malcolm's great-granddaughter, Annabella
Anabella Drummond
Anabella Drummond was the Queen Consort of Scotland as the wife of Robert III of Scotland.-Family:She was the daughter of Sir John Drummond, of Stobhall, near Perth, 11th Thane of Lennox and Chief of Clan Drummond, and Mary Montifex...
became the mother of King James I of Scotland
James I of Scotland
James I, King of Scots , was the son of Robert III and Annabella Drummond. He was probably born in late July 1394 in Dunfermline as youngest of three sons...
in 1394.
The Clan Drummond gained more land in 1345 when chief John Drummond married an heiress of the Montfichets and became John Drummond of Stobhall. John's sister Margaret Drummond married David II of Scotland
David II of Scotland
David II was King of Scots from 7 June 1329 until his death.-Early life:...
but they had no children. In 1357, John's daughter, Annabella Drummond married, John Stewart, Earl of Carrick
Earl of Carrick
The Earl of Carrick was the head of a comital lordship of Carrick in southwestern Scotland. The title emerged in 1186, when Donnchad, son of Gille Brigte, Lord of Galloway, became Mormaer or Earl of Carrick in compensation for exclusion from the whole Lordship of Galloway...
and future High Steward of Scotland
High Steward of Scotland
The title of High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century to Walter Fitzalan, whose descendants became the House of Stewart. In 1371, the last High Steward inherited the throne, and thereafter the title of High Steward of Scotland has been held as a subsidiary title to that of Duke...
and King Robert III of Scotland
Robert III of Scotland
Robert III was King of Scots from 1390 to his death. His given name was John Stewart, and he was known primarily as the Earl of Carrick before ascending the throne at age 53...
.
15th century and clan conflicts
Sir Malcolm, the eldest great-grandson of the aforementioned Malcolm, obtained the clan home, Stobhall Castle, from his aunt Queen Margaret DrummondMargaret Drummond (Queen)
Margaret Drummond was the second queen of David II of Scotland and a daughter of Sir Malcolm Drummond, Knt. by his wife Margaret, née Graham....
, David II of Scotland
David II of Scotland
David II was King of Scots from 7 June 1329 until his death.-Early life:...
's wife. His brother John's great-grandson, also John, became a Lord of Parliament and the first Lord Drummond. One year of his life was spent in confinement within Blackness Castle after he assaulted the Lord Lyon, King of Arms. He had a daughter, Margaret
Margaret Drummond (Mistress)
Margaret Drummond was a daughter of John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond and a mistress of King James IV of Scotland. She was a great-great-great-great-niece of the Margaret Drummond who was King David II's second queen....
, said to have been secretly married to King James IV
James IV of Scotland
James IV was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from not only Scotland, but also from all...
, who died by means of a meal, along with two of her sisters. Although some say it was murder, others claim it was simple food poisoning.
Chief Sir Malcolm Drummond married Isabel Douglas the Countess of Mar
Earl of Mar
The Mormaer or Earl of Mar is a title that has been created seven times, all in the Peerage of Scotland. The first creation of the earldom was originally the provincial ruler of the province of Mar in north-eastern Scotland...
. He obtained the lands of Stobhall from his aunt Queen Margaret who had first obtained it from King David II of Scotland
David II of Scotland
David II was King of Scots from 7 June 1329 until his death.-Early life:...
. Sir Malcolm was murdered in 1403 by a band of Highland marauders, said to have been the Clan Stewart of Appin
Clan Stewart of Appin
Clan Stewart of Appin is a west highland branch of the Clan Stewart and have been considered a distinct clan since the 15th century. They are descended from Sir James Stewart of Perston, who was himself the grandson of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland...
led by Alexander Stewart, the son of the Wolf of Badenoch. Malcolm was succeeded by his brother John, whose great-grandson, also called John was made the 1st Lord Drummond.
Chief John, 1st Lord Drummond was judiciary of Scotland, a Privy Councillor, constable of Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland. The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep...
and was created a Lord of Parliament on 29 January 1487.
Battle of Knockmary, 1490, This battle was between the two long feuding clans of Clan Murray
Clan Murray
Clan Murray is a Highland Scottish clan. The Murrays were a great and powerful clan whose lands and cadet houses were scattered throughout Scotland.- Origins of the Clan :...
against the Clan Drummond and Clan Campbell. David Drummond was later executed for the burning of a group of Murrays in a church.
16th century and clan conflicts
In 1501 another Drummond, Margaret the fair, enraptured King James IV of ScotlandJames IV of Scotland
James IV was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from not only Scotland, but also from all...
. She was, to him, "The diamond of Delight." Because of his love for her, James originally declined the marriage to Margaret Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Margaret Tudor was the elder of the two surviving daughters of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and the elder sister of Henry VIII. In 1503, she married James IV, King of Scots. James died in 1513, and their son became King James V. She married secondly Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of...
, daughter of the King of Henry VII of England
Henry VII of England
Henry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
. It is rumored that James had indeed married Margaret Drummond and was to have her crowned Queen of Scotland. The nobles, mostly lowlanders and border Lords, feared that the Drummonds were becoming too powerful. They decided that Margaret must die, thus forcing James to marry the Tudor Princess. Margaret, and her two sisters, were poisoned. Shortly after, James married Margaret Tudor, which made way for the union of the Scottish and English Crowns a century later.
In 1589 Patrick, 3rd Lord Drummond appointed his deputy kinsmen, John Drummond of Drummond-Ernoch, Royal Forester of Glenartney. It was in this post that he cut off the ears of some of the Clan MacGregor who he had caught poaching. In revenge a party of MacGregors, aided by their cohorts the Macdonalds, attacked Drummond and cut off his head. They then proceeded to John's sister Margaret's residence, Ardvorlich Castle on the banks of Loch Earn. Her husband Alexander Stewart, the Laird of Ardvorlich, was away from home at the time the McGregors and their cohorts the Macdonalds burst in, and demanded bread and cheese. The MacGregors then unwrapped John's bloodied head and crammed its mouth full, placing it on a platter in the middle of the dinner table for their hostess to find when she returned with food and drink for them. On seeing her beloved brother's severed head, Margaret, who was heavily pregnant at the time, almost lost her reason and fled into the woods beneath Ben Vorlich, where by the shores of a small loch she gave birth to her child, a son James Stewart. He grew up to be the famous Major James Stewart of the Covenanting Wars, of whom Sir Walter Scott wrote the book "The Legend of Montrose, telling of his exploits. For what they had done to his mother, he vowed vengeance on the McGregors and played a major role in having the Clan itself proscribed.
17th century and Civil War
In 1610 James Drummond, 1st Lord Madderty built Innerpeffray Castle.James Drummond, descendant of John, Margaret's father, became the first Earl of Perth
Earl of Perth
The title Earl of Perth was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1605 for James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond.The Drummond family claim descent from Maurice, son of George, a younger son of King Andrew I of Hungary...
in 1605, and his brother John became his successor on his death in 1611, and his sons became Earls of Perth like their father before them. Lord Drummond led his forces in support of the Covanenters against the Royalists at the Battle of Tippermuir
Battle of Tippermuir
The Battle of Tippermuir was the first battle James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose fought for the king during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms....
in 1644. The chief of Clan Drummond, third Earl of Perth joined James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, who initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed...
in August 1645 and was taken prisoner at the Battle of Philiphaugh
Battle of Philiphaugh
The Battle of Philiphaugh was fought on 13 September 1645 during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms near Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. The Royalist army of the Marquess of Montrose was destroyed by the Covenanter army of Sir David Leslie, restoring the power of the Committee of Estates.-Prelude:When...
the following month.
In about 1660 the grandson of James Drummond 1st Lord Madderty established a library in St Mary's chapel, the burial place of Drummonds. Later in 1751 on the same site, Robert Hay Drummond opened Scotland's first public lending library.
During the battles that followed in the decades after the Civil War the Clan Drummond fought at the Battle of Killiecrankie
Battle of Killiecrankie
-References:*Reid, Stuart, The Battle of Kiellliecrankkie -External links:* *...
in 1689.
18th century and Jacobite Rebellion
When King James VII came to the throne in 1685, James Drummond, 4th Earl of PerthJames Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth
James Drummond, 1st Duke of Perth KT PC , also 4th Earl of Perth and 7th Lord Drummond, was a Scottish statesman, and Jacobite.-Family:...
(later 1st Duke of Perth), had converted to the Catholic Faith, as did his brother, the 1st Earl of Melfort. Therefore during the Jacobite Uprisings the Clan Drummond were largely supporters of the Jacobite cause and the House of Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
. Chief James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth joined the jacobites during the rising of 1715 and fought at the Battle of Sheriffmuir
Battle of Sheriffmuir
The Battle of Sheriffmuir was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland.-History:John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar, standard-bearer for the Jacobite cause in Scotland, mustered Highland chiefs, and on 6 September declared James Francis Edward Stuart as King...
he later fled in exile to France.
However Drummond’s Edinburgh Volunteers Regiment, led by Adam Drummond
Adam Drummond
Adam Drummond , 11th of Lennoch and 4th of Megginch in Perthshire, was a Scottish merchant, banker and Member of Parliament.Drummond was the eldest son of John Drummond...
fought on the side of the British government at the Battle of Prestonpans
Battle of Prestonpans
The Battle of Prestonpans was the first significant conflict in the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The battle took place at 4 am on 21 September 1745. The Jacobite army loyal to James Francis Edward Stuart and led by his son Charles Edward Stuart defeated the government army loyal to the Hanoverian...
in 1745 and Adam Drummond was captured there.
James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth was born in France but returned to Scotland in 1734 to live at Drummond Castle with his mother. He was one of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
Charles Edward Stuart
Prince Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or The Young Pretender was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of Great Britain , and Ireland...
's closest commanders and he was involved in the Siege of Carlisle
Siege of Carlisle (November 1745)
The siege and capture of Carlisle was an important event of the 1745 to 1746 Jacobite Uprising. Jacobite forces loyal to Prince Charles Edward Stuart captured the city of Carlisle and Carlisle Castle on 14th - 15th November 1745....
. Clan Drummond fought as Jacobites at the Battle of Falkirk (1746)
Battle of Falkirk (1746)
During the Second Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Falkirk Muir was the last noteworthy Jacobite success.-Background:...
and the Battle of Culloden
Battle of Culloden
The Battle of Culloden was the final confrontation of the 1745 Jacobite Rising. Taking place on 16 April 1746, the battle pitted the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart against an army commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, loyal to the British government...
in 1746. At the Battle of Culloden James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth was shot and later died of his wounds, he was buried at sea from a boat which was escaping to France. His brother Lord John Drummond went into exile in France. Their cousin, William Drummond, 4th Viscount Strathallan
William Drummond, 4th Viscount Strathallan
William Drummond, 4th Viscount Strathallan was a Jacobite army officer and fourth son of Sir John Drummond of Machany and Margaret, daughter of Sir William Stewart of Innernytie.- Life :...
was killed during the battle.
For their support of the Jacobite Stewarts through the risings of 1715 and 1745 the property and titles of the Drummonds were twice forfeited. It was not until 1853, through an Act of Parliament, that the title of Earl of Perth and other forfeited titles were restored to George Drummond, who was also in the French peerage as a Baron.
20th century
James Eric DrummondEric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth
James Eric Drummond, 16th Earl of Perth, GCMG, CB was a Scottish representative peer, a British diplomat and the first Secretary General of the League of Nations...
(1876–1951), 16th Earl of Perth, served as the first secretary-general of the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
. Lord Perth, a Catholic, was also British ambassador to Rome, from 1933 to 1939, and was chief advisor on foreign publicity at the Ministry of Information
Minister of Information
The Ministry of Information , headed by the Minister of Information, was a United Kingdom government department created briefly at the end of World War I and again during World War II...
during World War II.
His successor, John David Drummond, was able to buy back the family home, Stobhall Castle.
Clan Castles
- Drummond CastleDrummond CastleDrummond Castle is located in Perthshire, Scotland. The castle is best known for its gardens, described by Historic Scotland as "the best example of formal terraced gardens in Scotland." It is situated in Muthill parish, south of Crieff. The castle comprises a tower house built in the late 15th...
was built in 1491 by Sir John Drummond. - Balmoral CastleBalmoral CastleBalmoral Castle is a large estate house in Royal Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is located near the village of Crathie, west of Ballater and east of Braemar. Balmoral has been one of the residences of the British Royal Family since 1852, when it was purchased by Queen Victoria and her...
was built in 1390 by Sir William Drummond. - Megginch CastleMegginch CastleMegginch Castle is a 15th century castle in Perth and Kinross, in central Scotland. It was the family home of the late Cherry Drummond, 16th Baroness Strange...
was home of Cherry Drummond, 16th Baroness StrangeCherry Drummond, 16th Baroness StrangeJean Cherry Drummond of Megginch, 16th Baroness Strange was a cross bench hereditary peer in the House of Lords. She also wrote romantic novels and historical works.-Personal life:... - Stobhall Castle obtained by the Drummonds in the early 15th century.
Clan Chief
- Clan ChiefScottish clan chiefThe Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the Scottish clan. From its perceived founder a clan takes its name. The clan chief is the representative of this founder, and...
: John Drummond, 9th Earl of PerthEarl of PerthThe title Earl of Perth was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1605 for James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond.The Drummond family claim descent from Maurice, son of George, a younger son of King Andrew I of Hungary...
, de jure 18th Earl and 15th titular (Jacobite PeerageJacobite peerageAfter the deposition by the English parliament in February 1689 of King James II and VII from the thrones of England and Ireland , he and his successors continued to create peers and baronets, which they believed was their right...
) Duke of Perth- Heir ApparentHeir apparentAn heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting, except by a change in the rules of succession....
: James David Drummond, Viscount StrathallanViscount StrathallanThe title of Lord Maderty was created in 1609 for James Drummond, a younger son of the 2nd Lord Drummond of Cargill. The titles of Viscount Strathallan and Lord Drummond of Cromlix were created in 1686 for William Drummond, a younger son of the 2nd Lord Madderty...
- Heir Apparent