China Next Generation Internet
Encyclopedia
The China Next Generation Internet (CNGI) project is a five year plan
initiated by the Chinese government with the purpose of gaining a significant position in the future development of the Internet through the early adoption of IPv6
.
IPv6 was selected as key technology. The United States
has almost one third of the theoretical maximum IPv4
addresses (about 4.3 billion [255^4 - 19M] ) , while China has more high-speed Internet users than IP addresses and the largest Internet user base of any country. With the implementation of IPv6, China planned to avoid imminent problems of IPv4 address exhaustion.
wrote a letter to the State Council recommending construction of the next generation academic Internet. In 2002 the National Development and Reform Commission
(NDRC) organized a study of the topic, and in 2003 the study group submitted a strategic report. After authorization, the CNGI was then launched under the auspices of eight ministries: NDRC as the lead, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Information Industry, the State Council Information Office, Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the National Natural Science Foundation.
, China Unicom
, China Netcom
/CSTNET
, China Mobile
, and China Railcom), with an additional academic research network operated by CERNET
, which is known as CNGI-CERNET2. CNGI also encompasses two exchange points (IX) in Beijing
(named CNGI-6IX) and Shanghai
for interconnecting these backbones and for international links to APAN, GEANT
, and Internet2
.
China showcased CNGI and the IPv6 network infrastructure at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing
for the website www.beijing2008.cn. The launching of the domain ipv6.beijing2008.cn was witnessed by officials from Tsinghua University
, the CERNET
, the Technology Department of BOCOG and Sohu.com.
Everything from security cameras, taxi
s, to the Olympic events cameras are networked by IPv6; the events are streamed
live over the Internet while networked cars are able to monitor traffic conditions readily.
-Wuhan
-Guangzhou
and Wuhan
-Nanjing
-Shanghai
. Access links run at 1 Gbit/s, 2.5 Gbit/s, or 10 Gbit/s.
Five-Year Plans of China
The five-year plans of People's Republic of China are a series of economic development initiatives. The economy was shaped by the Communist Party of China through the plenary sessions of the Central Committee and national congresses...
initiated by the Chinese government with the purpose of gaining a significant position in the future development of the Internet through the early adoption of IPv6
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 is a version of the Internet Protocol . It is designed to succeed the Internet Protocol version 4...
.
Key CNGI goals
According to a brochure entitled "CNGI-CERNET2/61X", the CNGI effort's key tasks were as follows:- Construction of China's next generation Internet backboneInternet backboneThe Internet backbone refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected networks and core routers in the Internet...
s - Development of key network technology and major applications for the next generation Internet
- Promotion of industrialization and application development of next generation Internet equipment and software
- Participation in international organizations, and playing an important role in standards setting
IPv6 was selected as key technology. The United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
has almost one third of the theoretical maximum IPv4
IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth revision in the development of the Internet Protocol and the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. Together with IPv6, it is at the core of standards-based internetworking methods of the Internet...
addresses (about 4.3 billion [255^4 - 19M] ) , while China has more high-speed Internet users than IP addresses and the largest Internet user base of any country. With the implementation of IPv6, China planned to avoid imminent problems of IPv4 address exhaustion.
History
The origins of CNGI date to 2001 when 57 members of the Chinese Academy of Science and Chinese Academy of EngineeringChinese Academy of Engineering
The Chinese Academy of Engineering is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for engineering. It was established in 1994 and is an institution of the State Council of China...
wrote a letter to the State Council recommending construction of the next generation academic Internet. In 2002 the National Development and Reform Commission
National Development and Reform Commission
The National Development and Reform Commission , formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the Chinese State Council, which has broad administrative and planning control over the Chinese economy...
(NDRC) organized a study of the topic, and in 2003 the study group submitted a strategic report. After authorization, the CNGI was then launched under the auspices of eight ministries: NDRC as the lead, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Information Industry, the State Council Information Office, Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the National Natural Science Foundation.
Current status
As of October 2009, the CNGI effort comprises six nationwide backbone networks and 39 GigaPOPs , which extends the next generation footprint to over 20 major cities and over 300 academic, industrial, and government research campuses within China. Five backbones are commercial (operated by China TelecomChina Telecom
China Telecom Corp. Ltd. is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication company. It is the largest fixed line service and 3rd largest mobile telecommunication provider in the People's Republic of China.-Sectors:...
, China Unicom
China Unicom
China Unicom or China United Netcom Ltd , is a Chinese state-owned telecommunications operator in the People's Republic of China.-History:...
, China Netcom
China Netcom
China Netcom, full name China Netcom Group Corporation Limited , abbreviated CNC, was a former telecommunication service provider in People's Republic of China...
/CSTNET
CSTNET
CSTNET or China Science and Technology Network offers Internet services to the Chinese education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, host trusteeship, virtual host and domain name...
, China Mobile
China Mobile
China Mobile Limited is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication company that provides mobile voice and multimedia services through its nationwide mobile telecommunications network, the largest of its kind in the world...
, and China Railcom), with an additional academic research network operated by CERNET
Cernet
The China Education and Research Network is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China. The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Chinese Ministry of Education...
, which is known as CNGI-CERNET2. CNGI also encompasses two exchange points (IX) in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
(named CNGI-6IX) and Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
for interconnecting these backbones and for international links to APAN, GEANT
GEANT
GÉANT is the main European multi-gigabit computer network for research and education purposes...
, and Internet2
Internet2
Internet2 is an advanced not-for-profit US networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government....
.
China showcased CNGI and the IPv6 network infrastructure at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
for the website www.beijing2008.cn. The launching of the domain ipv6.beijing2008.cn was witnessed by officials from Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
, the CERNET
Cernet
The China Education and Research Network is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China. The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Chinese Ministry of Education...
, the Technology Department of BOCOG and Sohu.com.
Everything from security cameras, taxi
Taxicab
A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice...
s, to the Olympic events cameras are networked by IPv6; the events are streamed
Streaming media
Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a streaming provider.The term "presented" is used in this article in a general sense that includes audio or video playback. The name refers to the delivery method of the medium rather...
live over the Internet while networked cars are able to monitor traffic conditions readily.
CNGI-CERNET2 backbone
As of October 2009, the CNGI-CERNET2 backbone runs native IPv6 to connect 25 PoPs in 25 cities. Most links run at 2.5 Gbit/s with 10 Gbit/s connections between BeijingBeijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
-Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers...
-Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
and Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers...
-Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
-Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
. Access links run at 1 Gbit/s, 2.5 Gbit/s, or 10 Gbit/s.
See also
- IPv6 deployment in China
- EUChinaGRID
- China Education and Research Network (CERNET)
- Telecommunications industry in ChinaTelecommunications industry in ChinaThe telecommunications industry in China is dominated by three state-run businesses: China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile. The three companies were formed by a recent revolution and restructuring launched in May 2008, directed by Ministry of Information Industry , Nationals Development and...