Cetacean Conservation Center
Encyclopedia
The Cetacean Conservation Center (Centro de Conservación Cetacea or CCC) is a Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

an NGO
Non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations , and is normally used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the government and are...

 dedicated to the conservation
Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction...

 of cetaceans and other marine mammals that inhabit the coastal waters of Chile. The CCC also engages in public education and information campaigns at the national and regional level.

Mission

Centro de Conservación Cetacea (CCC) is a Chilean non-governmental and non-profit organization that actively and effectively works on the conservation of marine mammals and their aquatic ecosystems in Chilean waters. The goals in support of this mission are:
  1. Promote effective [marine conservation] and management policies.
  2. Conduct management and conservation related research on cetacean species and their ecosystems, with special focus on studying endangered species.
  3. Identify and assess anthropogenic impacts on marine
    Marine (ocean)
    Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

     [wildlife] and propose mitigation measures.
  4. Promote the sustainable development
    Sustainable development
    Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use, that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come...

     of coastal communities through responsible marine wildlife watching activities.
  5. Increase public awareness and promote the informed and active participation of people/government on marine biodiversity conservation as well as encourage the reduction of human impacts.
  6. Strengthen national and international cooperation in marine conservation strategies

History

Since 2001, Centro de Conservacion Cetacea has conducted national marine conservation projects, including a wide range of areas like scientific research, public education, coastal community development and strengthening of marine conservation policies:

CHILE 2002, Our Opportunity to Protect Life”, that reached over 140 thousand people of all the country with an educational exhibit of life size inflatable whales and sharks. As a result, the government of Chile strongly opposed proposals oriented to down list whale
Whale
Whale is the common name for various marine mammals of the order Cetacea. The term whale sometimes refers to all cetaceans, but more often it excludes dolphins and porpoises, which belong to suborder Odontoceti . This suborder also includes the sperm whale, killer whale, pilot whale, and beluga...

 species from Appendix I and supported proposals oriented to include whale and basking shark
Shark
Sharks are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. The earliest known sharks date from more than 420 million years ago....

s in CITES Appendix II, during the 12th Conference of the Parties of CITES conducted in Santiago de Chile.

Southern Right Whale Project/Chile”, a project that has been conducted since 2003 with the official support of the Chilean Navy and the cooperation of leading right whale conservation organizations from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. In 2008 the southeast Pacific population of this species was classified as critically endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Chilean Navy granted maximum level of protection to the species.

Marine Mammal Sighting Network”, it has work effectively thanks to the support and cooperation of the Chilean Navy and more than 500 members that actively participate in recording of cetacean sightings and stranding events along the Chilean coast.

“Alfaguara Project, Conservation of Blue Whales” It has consolidated as a scientific and coastal sustainable development project of national interest by receiving the official support of the Chilean Navy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education of Chile. The project has also identified the area with the highest sighting rate of blue whales in the Southern Hemisphere (northwestern Chiloé Island
Chiloé Island
Chiloé Island , also known as Greater Island of Chiloé , is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean...

) and has raised international awareness regarding the health status of this blue whale population by describing skinny blue whales and skin lesions associated to coastal pollution from the salmon farming
Aquaculture of salmon
Salmon, along with carp, are the two most important fish groups in aquaculture. In 2007, the aquaculture of salmon and salmon trout was worth US$10.7 billion. The most commonly farmed salmon is the Atlantic salmon. Other commonly farmed fish groups include tilapia, catfish, sea bass, bream and...

industry.

“Chile 2008, A Whale Sanctuary”, that was conducted during eight months in conjunction with Centro Ecoceanos and the National Confederation of Artisan Fishers of Chile. As a result the sanctuary was achieved in only eight months with the unanimous support by the Chilean Congress of the bill/law that bans all types of whaling operations in Chilean jurisdictional waters (EEZ) and sets the basis for consolidating a national marine conservation policy. This is the first marine protection policy adopted in Chilean history and the most important measure taken until date in the country for the effective conservation of cetacean species and their marine environment.

Papers and Publications

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C. and Galletti V.M., B. 2004. A note on the presence of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in the north western coast of Chiloe Island and its management implications. Paper SC/56/SH21 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, July 2004 (unpublished). 3pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C. and Galletti V.M., B. 2005. Presence of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in the northwestern coast of Chiloé Island, Southern Chile. LAJAM 4(1): 73-74.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Cabrera, E. 2005. Blue whale sightings during the 2005 field season in northwestern Chiloe Island, Southern Chile. Paper SC/57/SH14 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2005 (unpublished). 4pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Cabrera, E. 2005. Presence of sei whales during 2004 and 2005 in northwestern Chiloe Island, Southern Chile. Paper SC/57/O19 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2005 (unpublished). 4pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti V.M., B., Cardenas, J.C. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2005. A pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata) from Chiloe Island, Chile. Paper SC/57/O20 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2005 (unpublished). 5pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti V.M., B., Cardenas, J.C. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2005. A pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata) from Chiloe Island, Chile. 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. San Diego, CA, USA, 12–16 December 2005. pg. 47.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Cabrera, E. 2005. Presence of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) during 2004 and 2005 in northwestern Chiloe Island, Southern Chile. 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. San Diego, CA, USA, 12–16 December 2005. pg. 100.

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2006. Preliminary report on the photo-identification of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile from 2004 to 2006. Paper SC/58/SH18 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2006 (unpublished). 5pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2006. Blue, sei and humpback whale sightings during 2006 field season in northwestern Isla de Chiloe, Chile. Paper SC/58/SH17 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2006 (unpublished). 6pp. [Available from the authors]

Branch, T.A., Stafford, K.M., Palacios, D.M., Allison, C., Bannister, J.L., Burton, C.L.K., Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B., Gill, P.C., Hucke-Gaete, R., Jenner, K.C.S., Jenner, M-N.M., Matsuoka, K., Mikhalev, Y.A., Miyashita, T., Morrice, M.G., Nishiwaki, S., Sturrock, V.J., Tormosov, D., Anderson, R.C., Baker, A.N., Best, P.B., Borsa, P., Brownell Jr., R.L., Childerhouse, S., Findlay, K.P., Gerrodette, T., Ilangakoon, A.D., Joergensen, M., Kahn, B., Ljunglad, D.K., Maughn, B., McCauley, R.D., McKay, S., Norris, T.F., Oman Whale And Dolphin Research Group, Rankin, S., Samaran, F., Thiele, D., Van Waerebeek, K. and Warneke, R.M.2007b. Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean. Mammal Review 37: 116-175.

Brownell Jr., R.L., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2007. Skin lesions on blue whales off southern Chile: Possible conservation implications?. Paper SC/59/SH21 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2007 (unpublished). 6pp. [Available from the authors]

Brownell Jr., R.L., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2007. Skin lesions on blue whales off Isla de Chiloé: Possible conservation implications?. 17th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November-3 December 2007.

Cabrera, E. y Galletti Vernazzani, B. 2007. Parámetros para determinar los efectos del turismo de avistamiento sobre cinco poblaciones de cetáceos en Chile. En: CPPS/PNUMA. 2007. Memorias del Taller de Trabajo sobre el Impacto de las Actividades Antropogénicas en Mamíferos Marinos en el Pacífico Sudeste. Bogotá, Colombia, 28 al 29 de noviembre de 2006. Guayaquil, Ecuador. pp 60-64.

Cabrera, E., Galletti Vernazzani, B and Carlson, C. 2007. Recommendations for whale watching guidelines in the blue whale feeding area of southern Chile. Paper SC/59/WW15 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2007 (unpublished). 9pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2007. National marine mammal sighting network in Chile: a cost-effective tool for increasing our understanding of cetaceans. 17th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November-3 December 2007.

Galletti Vernazzani, B. y Cabrera, E. 2007. Varamiento de cetáceos en Chile 1970-2005 y su relación con impactos antropogénicos. En: CPPS/PNUMA. 2007. Memorias del Taller de Trabajo sobre el Impacto de las Actividades Antropogénicas en Mamíferos Marinos en el Pacífico Sudeste. Bogotá, Colombia, 28 al 29 de noviembre de 2006. Guayaquil, Ecuador. pp 32–37.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E., and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2007. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, during 2007 field season. Paper SC/59/SH1 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2007 (unpublished). 7pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E., and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2007. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, from 2004 to 2007. 17th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November-3 December 2007.

Brownell Jr., R.L., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2008. Skin lesions on blue whales off southern Chile: Possible conservation implications?. Paper SC/60/SH25 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 8pp. [Available from the authors]

Capella, J., Galletti Vernazzani B, Gibbons, J. & Cabrera E. 2008. Coastal migratory connections of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae borowski, 1781, in southern chile. Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile). 36(2):13-18

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Brownell Jr., R.L. and Cabrera, E. 2008. Sightings of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Chile and Peru from 1976 to 2007. Paper SC/60/BRG22 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 12pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2008. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, during 2008 field season. Paper SC/60/SH24 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 9pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E., Capella, J. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2008. Recent humpback whale sightings off Isla de Chiloe, 2006-2008. Paper SC/60/SH26 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 4pp. [Available from the authors]

Brownell, Jr., R.L, Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Carlson, C.A. 2009. Vessel collision with a large whale off southern Chile. Paper SC/61/BC7 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2009 (unpublished). 6pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2009. First aerial surveys to estimate abundance of blue whales off southern Chile. Paper SC/61/SH21 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2009 (unpublished). 8pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Cabrera, E., Carlson, C.A., Sironi, M. and Brownell, Jr., R.L. 2009. Blue Whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile: update of 2009 field research season of the Alfaguara Project. Paper SC/61/SH22 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2009 (unpublished). 2pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Cabrera, E., Cárdenas, J.C., and Perez, C. 2009. Blue whale conservation, gaps, and challenges of MPA policies in Chile. First International Conference on Marine Mammals Protected Areas. Maui, Hawaii, USA, 30 March-3 April 2009.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2010. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, 2004-2009. Paper SC/62/SH32 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2010 (unpublished). 11pp. [Available from the authors]
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