Cazma
Encyclopedia
Čazma is a town and municipality in Bjelovar-Bilogora County
, Croatia
. It is part of Moslavina
.
and only 30 kilometres from the center of the region - Bjelovar
.
Čazma is situated on the slopes of Moslavačka gora
, surrounded by fertile lowlands. The river Česma
runs to the east of Čazma and the smaller river Glogovnica flows into it nearby, too.
, 96% of the population were Croats
.
. It was mentioned in 1094, when the Hungarian
king Ladislav gave Čazma as a possession to the bishop of Zagreb
. The year that is mentioned as the year of Čazma's foundation is 1226, when bishop Stjepan II Babonić established a parish, built a Dominican monastery and - today far known for its cultural worth, the Church of saint Mary Magdalene, which gave the parish its present name. The church is the only preserved monument of the earliest written eight hundred year history of the city. It is a unique example of romanic architecture in northern Croatia and experts equate its value with the Zagreb cathedral. The church organ made in 1767 are one of the most beautiful in Croatia
.
The town was occupied by the Ottoman Turks
in 1552, who established their sanjak
there. The town stayed under Ottoman rule for 54 years until it was liberated by Croatian Ban
Toma Bakač Erdedi
and his army in 1606.
Half of the region where the town of Čazma is situated spreads out on agricultural land and as much as 44 percent is forested. Mineral wealth in the soil: quartz-sand, clay, stone etc., and especially springs of drinking water of great quality, enable various investments and building of plants, operation facilities and production lines.
The best known company from Čazma is Čazmatrans (transport company), which was established 1949.
Bjelovar-Bilogora County
Bjelovar-Bilogora County is a county in central Croatia.The central town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in 1413, and it only gained importance when a new fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman invasions...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. It is part of Moslavina
Moslavina
Moslavina is a microregion in Croatia, administratively divided into the counties of Zagreb, Sisak-Moslavina and Bjelovar-Bilogora. The main city in the region in terms of traffic, commerce and business is the city of Kutina , with 24,000 citizens. Other important centres are Ivanić grad , Čazma,...
.
Geography
Čazma is situated 60 kilometers east of ZagrebZagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
and only 30 kilometres from the center of the region - Bjelovar
Bjelovar
Bjelovar is a city in central Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. During the 2001 census, there were 41,869 inhabitants, 90.51% which are Croats....
.
Čazma is situated on the slopes of Moslavačka gora
Moslavačka gora
Moslavačka gora are a small mountain range located in central Croatia at the borders of Bjelovar-Bilogora County and Sisak–Moslavina County. They belong to the sunken boulder Highlands of palaeogeological origin, rich in mineral resources . The highest peak is Humka at 489 m...
, surrounded by fertile lowlands. The river Česma
Česma
Česma is a river in central Croatia, the left tributary of the river Lonja-Trebež.It is long, and its catchment area is .Created by merging streams Grđevica and Barna at near the village of Pavlovac in the municipality of Veliki Grđevac....
runs to the east of Čazma and the smaller river Glogovnica flows into it nearby, too.
Demographics
The town has a population of 2,804, while the municipality consists of 36 villages, inhabited by a total of 8,095 people.- AndigolaAndigolaAndigola is a village in the municipality Čazma, Bjelovar-Bilogora County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 14 inhabitants....
- Bojana
- BosiljevoBosiljevo, Bjelovar-Bilogora CountyBosiljevo is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D43 highway....
- Cerna
- DapciDapciDapci is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D43 highway....
- Dereza
- Donji Draganec
- Donji DragičevciDonji DragičevciDonji Dragičevci is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D26 highway....
- Donji MikloušDonji MikloušDonji Miklouš is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D26 highway....
- Gornji DraganecGornji DraganecGornji Draganec is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D43 highway....
- Gornji Dragičevci
- Gornji Miklouš
- Grabik
- GrabovnicaGrabovnica, CroatiaGrabovnica, Croatia is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D26 highway....
- Komuševac
- MarčaniMarčaniMarčani is a village in Croatia....
- Milaševac
- Novo Selo
- Općevac
- PalančaniPalančaniPalančani is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D43 highway....
- PobjenikPobjenikPobjenik is a village in the municipality Čazma, Bjelovar-Bilogora County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 259 inhabitants, in 100 of family households.Pobjenik is located on the north-western slopes of Moslavačka gora....
- Pobrđani
- Prnjarovac
- Prokljuvani
- SišćaniSišćaniSišćani is a village in Croatia....
- SovariSovariSovari is a village in Croatia....
- Suhaja
- VagovinaVagovinaVagovina is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D43 highway....
- VrtlinskaVrtlinskaVrtlinska is a village in the municipality Čazma, Bjelovar-Bilogora County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 222 inhabitants, in 76 of family households.Vrtlinska is located on the north-western slopes of Moslavačka gora....
- VučaniVučaniVučani is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D26 highway....
- ZdenčecZdenčecZdenčec is a village in Croatia....
, 96% of the population were Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
.
History
The town of Čazma is one of the oldest towns in the Republic of CroatiaCroatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. It was mentioned in 1094, when the Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
king Ladislav gave Čazma as a possession to the bishop of Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
. The year that is mentioned as the year of Čazma's foundation is 1226, when bishop Stjepan II Babonić established a parish, built a Dominican monastery and - today far known for its cultural worth, the Church of saint Mary Magdalene, which gave the parish its present name. The church is the only preserved monument of the earliest written eight hundred year history of the city. It is a unique example of romanic architecture in northern Croatia and experts equate its value with the Zagreb cathedral. The church organ made in 1767 are one of the most beautiful in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
.
The town was occupied by the Ottoman Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in 1552, who established their sanjak
Sanjak
Sanjaks were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. Sanjak, and the variant spellings sandjak, sanjaq, and sinjaq, are English transliterations of the Turkish word sancak, meaning district, banner, or flag...
there. The town stayed under Ottoman rule for 54 years until it was liberated by Croatian Ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Toma Bakač Erdedi
Toma Erdödy
Count Tamás Erdődy was a Croatian ban and member of the Erdödy noble family .He succeeded Krsto Ungnad as ban in 1583. He was the son of former ban Petar Erdödy. During his reign he scored many victories against the Ottoman Empire's armies. His first victory occurred near Slunj in 1584. In 1591...
and his army in 1606.
Economy
Its economy is based on small and middle-sized companies which manufacture final products from natural goods. Tradespeople, together with agricultural manufacturers, direct their development to services, production and tourist potential.Half of the region where the town of Čazma is situated spreads out on agricultural land and as much as 44 percent is forested. Mineral wealth in the soil: quartz-sand, clay, stone etc., and especially springs of drinking water of great quality, enable various investments and building of plants, operation facilities and production lines.
The best known company from Čazma is Čazmatrans (transport company), which was established 1949.