Carlos, Duke of Madrid
Encyclopedia
Infante Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirin Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Borbón y Austria-Este, Duke of Madrid (March 30, 1848 - July 18, 1909) was the senior member of the House of Bourbon
from 1887 until his death. He was the Carlist claimant to the throne
of Spain
under the name Carlos VII from 1868 (his father's Spanish abdication), and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France
under the name Charles XI after the death of his father in 1887.
, the capital of Carniola
in what is now Slovenia
, the elder son of Juan, Count of Montizón
and of his wife Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este
. As an infant he lived with his family briefly in London
where his younger brother Alfonso
was born. After their father, considered too liberal for Carlist tastes, left their mother, the boys lived with her in Modena
. Her brother Duke Francis V of Modena was largely responsible for the education of the boys and was the chief influence in their early lives. Carlos was known for his tradition
alist views, much different from those of his father.
On February 4, 1867, at Frohsdorf in Austria
, Carlos married Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma
, daughter of Duke Charles III of Parma
and of his wife, Louise Marie Thérèse of France. The couple had five children:
Carlos organized and lead the Third Carlist War
. Between 1872 and 1876 he effectively ruled much of peninsular Spain.
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In January 1893 Carlos' wife, Margarita, died. The following year he decided to remarry. He consulted his mother who suggested two ladies: Princess Theresia of Liechtenstein (daughter of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein
) and Berthe de Rohan (daughter of Arthur de Rohan).
Having met both ladies, Carlos decided on the latter and asked for her hand in marriage.
On April 28, 1894, Carlos and Berthe were married by Cardinal Schönborn
in his private chapel in Prague
. Berthe had a dominant personality, making the marriage very unpopular among Carlists. "All writers agree that this second marriage was disastrous, not only for the family of Don Carlos and for [Carlos] himself, but also for the [Carlist] party."
Carlos died in Varese
in 1909. He is buried in the Cathedral of San Giusto
in Trieste
. He was succeeded in his Spanish and French claims by his son Jaime.
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
from 1887 until his death. He was the Carlist claimant to the throne
Throne
A throne is the official chair or seat upon which a monarch is seated on state or ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many expressions such as "the power behind the...
of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
under the name Carlos VII from 1868 (his father's Spanish abdication), and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
under the name Charles XI after the death of his father in 1887.
Life
Carlos was born in LjubljanaLjubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
, the capital of Carniola
Carniola
Carniola was a historical region that comprised parts of what is now Slovenia. As part of Austria-Hungary, the region was a crown land officially known as the Duchy of Carniola until 1918. In 1849, the region was subdivided into Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola, and Inner Carniola...
in what is now Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
, the elder son of Juan, Count of Montizón
Juan, Count of Montizón
Don Juan Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, Count of Montizón was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain from 1860 to 1868, and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France from 1883 to 1887.- Youth and marriage :...
and of his wife Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este
Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este
Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este was a member of the House of Austria-Este and Archduchess and Princess of Austria, Princess of Hungary, Bohemia, and Modena by birth. Daughter of Francis IV of Modena and his niece, Beatrix II of Modena...
. As an infant he lived with his family briefly in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
where his younger brother Alfonso
Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
Alfonso Carlos, Infante of Spain, Duke of San Jaime was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Alfonso Carlos I and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France under the name Charles XII.-Early life:Alfonso Carlos was the second son of Infante Juan...
was born. After their father, considered too liberal for Carlist tastes, left their mother, the boys lived with her in Modena
Modena
Modena is a city and comune on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy....
. Her brother Duke Francis V of Modena was largely responsible for the education of the boys and was the chief influence in their early lives. Carlos was known for his tradition
Tradition
A tradition is a ritual, belief or object passed down within a society, still maintained in the present, with origins in the past. Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes , but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings...
alist views, much different from those of his father.
On February 4, 1867, at Frohsdorf in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Carlos married Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma
Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma
Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma was the eldest child and daughter of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France, the eldest daughter of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry and Princess Caroline Ferdinande Louise of the Two Sicilies...
, daughter of Duke Charles III of Parma
Charles III, Duke of Parma
-Early life:Charles III was born at the Villa delle Pianore near Lucca, the only son of Charles Louis, Prince of Lucca and his wife Princess Maria-Theresa of Savoy . He was given the baptismal names Ferdinando Carlo Vittorio Giuseppe Maria Baldassarre...
and of his wife, Louise Marie Thérèse of France. The couple had five children:
- Infanta Blanca of SpainInfanta Blanca of SpainInfanta Blanca of Spain . She was the eldest child of Carlos, Duke of Madrid, Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos VII and his wife Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma. Blanca was a member of the House of Bourbon and an Infanta of Spain by birth...
(1868–1949) m in 1889 at Frohsdorf Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and had issue. - Jaime, Duke of Madrid (1870–1931)
- Infanta Elvira of Spain (1871–1929) died unmarried but with issue.
- Infanta Beatriz of Spain (1874–1961) married in VeniceVeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
in 1892 Fabrizio Massimo, Principe di Roviano (his mother was Donna Francesca di Paola Lucchesi-Palli, daughter of Princess Caroline of Naples and SicilyPrincess Caroline of Naples and SicilyCaroline of Naples and Sicily was the daughter of the future King Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his first wife, Maria Clementina of Austria.-Life:...
and her second husband) - Infanta Alicia of Spain (1876–1975) married (1) in 1897 Friedrich, Prince von Schönburg-Waldenburg at VeniceVeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
and had issue, divorced 1903; (2) in 1906 at ViareggioViareggioViareggio is a city and comune located in northern Tuscany, Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. With a population of over 64,000 it is the main centre of the northern Tuscan Riviera known as Versilia, and the second largest city within the Province of Lucca.It is known as a seaside resort...
, Lino del Prete and had issue.
Carlos organized and lead the Third Carlist War
Third Carlist War
The Third Carlist War was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is very often referred to as the Second Carlist War, as the 'second' had been small in scale and almost trivial in political consequence....
. Between 1872 and 1876 he effectively ruled much of peninsular Spain.
Princely Family of Liechtenstein
The Liechtenstein dynasty, from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by constitutional, hereditary right over the nation of Liechtenstein...
) and Berthe de Rohan (daughter of Arthur de Rohan).
Having met both ladies, Carlos decided on the latter and asked for her hand in marriage.
On April 28, 1894, Carlos and Berthe were married by Cardinal Schönborn
Franziskus von Paula Graf von Schönborn
Schönborn appeared first in the County of Katzenelnbogen in 1373 when Gilbrecht of Schönborn, a vassal, served Eberhard V of Katzenelnbogen. Later it was a German statelet ruled by the Schönborn family located in Franconia and areas at the Main River in Germany, located to the south of Bamberg and...
in his private chapel in Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. Berthe had a dominant personality, making the marriage very unpopular among Carlists. "All writers agree that this second marriage was disastrous, not only for the family of Don Carlos and for [Carlos] himself, but also for the [Carlist] party."
Carlos died in Varese
Varese
Varese is a town and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km north of Milan.It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or urban part of the city is called Varesotto.- Geography :...
in 1909. He is buried in the Cathedral of San Giusto
Trieste Cathedral
Trieste Cathedral , dedicated to Saint Justus, is the cathedral and main church of Trieste, in northern Italy. It is the seat of the Bishop of Trieste.-History:...
in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
. He was succeeded in his Spanish and French claims by his son Jaime.