Canadian Standards Association
Encyclopedia
The Canadian Standards Association, also known as the CSA, is a not-for-profit Standards organization
with the stated aim of developing standards for use in 57 different areas of specialisation. CSA is a provider of print and electronic standards, related training and elearning, as well as Advisory Services.
CSA is composed of representatives from government, industry, and consumer groups.
CSA began as the Canadian Engineering Standards Association(CESA) in 1919, federally chartered to create standards. During World War I
, lack of interoperability between technical resources led to frustration, injury, and death. Britain requested that Canada form a standards committee.
Today, CSA is accredited by the Standards Council of Canada
, a crown corporation mandated with promoting efficient and effective standardisation in Canada, as a standards development organisation and as a certification body. This accredition verifies that CSA is competent to carry out these functions, and is based on internationally recognised criteria and procedures.
Their registered mark shows that a product has been independently tested and certified to meet recognized standards for safety or performance.
, lack of interoperability between technical resources led to frustration, injury, and death. Britain requested that Canada form a standards committee.
Sir John Kennedy, Chairman of the Civil Engineers' Canadian Advisory Committee, led his committee to ask itself two questions: First, was such an organisation required, and if it was, should it be an extension of the British committee?
As a result of the meetings, the Canadian Engineering Standards Association (CESA) was established in 1919. CESA was federally chartered to create standards. At the beginning, they attended to specific needs: Aircraft parts; Bridges; building construction; electrical work; and wire rope.
The first standards issued by CESA were for steel railway bridges, in 1920.
In 1927, CESA published the Canadian Electrical Code
, a document which is still CSA's best seller. Enforcing the code called for product testing, and in 1933, the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario became the sole source for testing nationwide. In 1940, CESA assumed responsibility for testing and certifying electrical products intended for sale and installation in Canada.
CESA was renamed the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) in 1944. The certification mark was introduced in 1946. In the 1950s, CSA established international alliances in Britain, Japan, and the Netherlands, to expant its scope in testing and certification. Testing labs were expanded from their first in Toronto, to labs in Montreal, Vancouver, and Winnipeg.
In the 1960s, CSA developed national Occupational Health and Safety Standards, creating standards for headgear and safety shoes.
By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the CSA began to expand its involvement in consumer standards, including bicycles, credit cards, and child resistant packaging for drugs.
In 1984, CSA established QMI, the Quality Management Institute for registration of ISO9000 and other standards.
In 1999, CSA International was established to provide of international product testing and certification services while CSA shifted its primary focus to standards development and training. In 2001, these three divisions were joined under the name CSA Group.
In 2004, OnSpeX was launched as the fourth division of CSA Group.
In 2008, QMI was sold to SAI-Global for $40 million.
In 2009, CSA purchased SIRA
.
Most standards are voluntary, meaning there are no laws requiring their application. Despite that, adherence to standards is beneficial to companies because it shows products have been independently tested to meet certain standards. The CSA mark is a registered certification mark, and can only be applied by someone who is licensed or otherwise authorised to do so by the CSA.
CSA developed the CAN/CSA Z299
series of quality assurance standards, which are still in use today. They are an alternative to the ISO 9000
series of quality standards.
Laws and regulations in most municipalities, provinces and states in North America require certain products to be tested to a specific standard or group of standards by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
(NRTL). Currently forty percent of all the standards issued by CSA are referenced in Canadian legislation. CSA's sister company CSA International
is an NRTL which manufacturers can choose, usually because the law of the jurisdiction requires it, or the customer specifies it.
, a global certification and testing organization, and OnSpeX, a provider of consumer product evaluation services.
and retail markets with expertise in product design consulting, product specifications, product evaluation, inspection and data analytics.
OnSpeX provides various evaluation, inspection and advisory services designed to help organizations accelerate supply chain
s, increase product sales, build customer satisfaction
and lower product return rates.
marks are a growing problem, and are becoming a significant enough problem that the CSA has launched aggressive anti-counterfeiting initiatives to combat it. Products improperly bearing certification markings may not be built to proper safety standards, and can be hazardous. Because manufacturers of counterfeit products can use inferior materials or designs, and don't need to pay for product testing, products bearing counterfeit certification markings are often priced far lower than legitimately labelled products
Standards organization
A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization , or standards setting organization is any organization whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise producing technical standards that are...
with the stated aim of developing standards for use in 57 different areas of specialisation. CSA is a provider of print and electronic standards, related training and elearning, as well as Advisory Services.
CSA is composed of representatives from government, industry, and consumer groups.
CSA began as the Canadian Engineering Standards Association(CESA) in 1919, federally chartered to create standards. During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, lack of interoperability between technical resources led to frustration, injury, and death. Britain requested that Canada form a standards committee.
Today, CSA is accredited by the Standards Council of Canada
Standards Council of Canada
- About the SCC :The Standards Council of Canada is a federal Crown corporation with the mandate to promote efficient and effective voluntary standardization. Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the Standards Council has a 15-member governing Council and a staff of approximately 90...
, a crown corporation mandated with promoting efficient and effective standardisation in Canada, as a standards development organisation and as a certification body. This accredition verifies that CSA is competent to carry out these functions, and is based on internationally recognised criteria and procedures.
Their registered mark shows that a product has been independently tested and certified to meet recognized standards for safety or performance.
History
During World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, lack of interoperability between technical resources led to frustration, injury, and death. Britain requested that Canada form a standards committee.
Sir John Kennedy, Chairman of the Civil Engineers' Canadian Advisory Committee, led his committee to ask itself two questions: First, was such an organisation required, and if it was, should it be an extension of the British committee?
As a result of the meetings, the Canadian Engineering Standards Association (CESA) was established in 1919. CESA was federally chartered to create standards. At the beginning, they attended to specific needs: Aircraft parts; Bridges; building construction; electrical work; and wire rope.
The first standards issued by CESA were for steel railway bridges, in 1920.
In 1927, CESA published the Canadian Electrical Code
Canadian Electrical Code
The Canadian Electrical Code, CE code, or CSA C22.1 is a standard published by the Canadian Standards Association pertaining to the installation and maintenance of electrical equipment in Canada....
, a document which is still CSA's best seller. Enforcing the code called for product testing, and in 1933, the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario became the sole source for testing nationwide. In 1940, CESA assumed responsibility for testing and certifying electrical products intended for sale and installation in Canada.
CESA was renamed the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) in 1944. The certification mark was introduced in 1946. In the 1950s, CSA established international alliances in Britain, Japan, and the Netherlands, to expant its scope in testing and certification. Testing labs were expanded from their first in Toronto, to labs in Montreal, Vancouver, and Winnipeg.
In the 1960s, CSA developed national Occupational Health and Safety Standards, creating standards for headgear and safety shoes.
By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the CSA began to expand its involvement in consumer standards, including bicycles, credit cards, and child resistant packaging for drugs.
In 1984, CSA established QMI, the Quality Management Institute for registration of ISO9000 and other standards.
In 1999, CSA International was established to provide of international product testing and certification services while CSA shifted its primary focus to standards development and training. In 2001, these three divisions were joined under the name CSA Group.
In 2004, OnSpeX was launched as the fourth division of CSA Group.
In 2008, QMI was sold to SAI-Global for $40 million.
In 2009, CSA purchased SIRA
Sira (group of British companies)
Sira is a UK-based Notified Body, specialising in ATEX, IECEX and North American product approvals. It began life as the British Scientific Instrument Research Association in 1918 and was once part of a larger group of British engineering companies, based in south London, that designed test...
.
Standards development
CSA exists to develop standards. Among the fifty-seven different areas of specialization are climate change, business management and safety and performance standards, including those for electrical and electronic equipment, industrial equipment, boilers and pressure vessels, compressed gas handling appliances, environmental protection, and construction materials.Most standards are voluntary, meaning there are no laws requiring their application. Despite that, adherence to standards is beneficial to companies because it shows products have been independently tested to meet certain standards. The CSA mark is a registered certification mark, and can only be applied by someone who is licensed or otherwise authorised to do so by the CSA.
CSA developed the CAN/CSA Z299
CSA Z299
CSA CAN3-Z299 is a series of quality assurance standards developed by the Canadian Standards Association in the 1970s. It is an alternative to the ISO 9000 series of standards.The stated objectives of the Z299 series of standards are:...
series of quality assurance standards, which are still in use today. They are an alternative to the ISO 9000
ISO 9000
The ISO 9000 family of standards relates to quality management systems and is designed to help organizations ensure they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders . The standards are published by ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, and available through National...
series of quality standards.
Laws and regulations in most municipalities, provinces and states in North America require certain products to be tested to a specific standard or group of standards by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories
A Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory is a testing facility recognized by OSHA as primarily private sector organizations that provide product safety testing and certification services to manufacturers. The testing and certification are done, for purposes of the Program, to U.S. consensus-based...
(NRTL). Currently forty percent of all the standards issued by CSA are referenced in Canadian legislation. CSA's sister company CSA International
CSA International
CSA International , a member of the CSA Group, is a provider of product testing and certification services for electrical, mechanical, plumbing, gas and a variety of other products...
is an NRTL which manufacturers can choose, usually because the law of the jurisdiction requires it, or the customer specifies it.
Product certification
CSA is a division of CSA Group which also includes CSA InternationalCSA International
CSA International , a member of the CSA Group, is a provider of product testing and certification services for electrical, mechanical, plumbing, gas and a variety of other products...
, a global certification and testing organization, and OnSpeX, a provider of consumer product evaluation services.
OnSpeX
OnSpeX is a division of CSA Group. OnSpeX is a provider of global product performance evaluation services for the consumer productConsumer product
A consumer product is generally any tangible personal property for sale and that is used for personal, family, or household for non-business purposes. The determination whether a good is a consumer product requires a factual finding, on a case-by-case basis...
and retail markets with expertise in product design consulting, product specifications, product evaluation, inspection and data analytics.
OnSpeX provides various evaluation, inspection and advisory services designed to help organizations accelerate supply chain
Supply chain
A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to...
s, increase product sales, build customer satisfaction
Customer satisfaction
Customer satisfaction, a term frequently used in marketing, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation...
and lower product return rates.
Counterfeiting
CounterfeitCounterfeit
To counterfeit means to illegally imitate something. Counterfeit products are often produced with the intent to take advantage of the superior value of the imitated product...
marks are a growing problem, and are becoming a significant enough problem that the CSA has launched aggressive anti-counterfeiting initiatives to combat it. Products improperly bearing certification markings may not be built to proper safety standards, and can be hazardous. Because manufacturers of counterfeit products can use inferior materials or designs, and don't need to pay for product testing, products bearing counterfeit certification markings are often priced far lower than legitimately labelled products