Calcium-binding protein 1, also known as caldendrin and calbrain, is a calcium-binding protein

Calcium-binding protein

Calcium-binding proteins are proteins that participate in calcium cell signalling pathways by binding to Ca2+.The most ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, found in all eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, is calmodulin....

 discovered in 1999. It has two EF hand

EF hand

The EF hand is a helix-loop-helix structural domain found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins. The EF-hand motif contains a helix-loop-helix topology, much like the spread thumb and forefinger of the human hand, in which the Ca2+ ions are coordinated by ligands within the loop...

 motifs and is expressed in neuronal cells in such areas as hippocampus

Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in...

, habenular nucleus of the epithalamus

Epithalamus

The epithalamus is a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body...

, Purkinje cell

Purkinje cell

For the cells of the electrical conduction system of the heart, see Purkinje fibersPurkinje cells, or Purkinje neurons , are a class of GABAergic neurons located in the cerebellar cortex...

 layer of the cerebellum, and the amacrine cell

Amacrine cell

Amacrine cells are interneurons in the retina. Amacrine cells are responsible for 70% of input to retinal ganglion cells. Bipolar cells, which are responsible for the other 30% of input to retinal ganglia, are regulated by amacrine cells.-Overview:...

s and cone bipolar cells of the retina

Retina

The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...

.

Cellular expression of caldendrin is restricted to the somato–dendritic compartment, with the exception of hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

The Hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions...

, where axon

Axon

An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma....

al labeling was detected.
In schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social...

, one study demonstrated a decrease in the number of CABP1-expressing cells, specifically in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46. According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 – 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47. These regions...

. This change, however, was compensated on a whole-brain scale by an increase in the protein levels.