Calanoida
Encyclopedia
Calanoida is an order
of copepod
s, a kind of zooplankton
. They include around 40 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater
copepod
s. Calanoid copepods are dominant in the plankton
in many parts of the world's oceans, making up 55%–95% of plankton samples. They are therefore important in many food webs, taking in energy from phytoplankton
and algae
and 'repackaging' it for consumption by higher trophic level
predators. Many commercial fishes are dependent on calanoid copepods for diet in either their larva
l or adult forms. Baleen whale
s such as bowhead whale
s, sei whale
s, right whale
s and fin whale
s eat calanoid copepods.
Calanoids can be distinguished from other planktonic copepods by having first antennae
at least half the length of the body and biramous second antennae. Their key defining feature anatomically, however, is the presence of a joint between the fifth and sixth body segments. The largest specimens reach 18 millimetre (0.708661417322835 in) long, but most are 0.5–2 mm (0.0196850393700787–0.078740157480315 ) long.
.
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
of copepod
Copepod
Copepods are a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat. Some species are planktonic , some are benthic , and some continental species may live in limno-terrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests,...
s, a kind of zooplankton
Zooplankton
Zooplankton are heterotrophic plankton. Plankton are organisms drifting in oceans, seas, and bodies of fresh water. The word "zooplankton" is derived from the Greek zoon , meaning "animal", and , meaning "wanderer" or "drifter"...
. They include around 40 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater
Fresh Water
Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve...
copepod
Copepod
Copepods are a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat. Some species are planktonic , some are benthic , and some continental species may live in limno-terrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests,...
s. Calanoid copepods are dominant in the plankton
Plankton
Plankton are any drifting organisms that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. That is, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than phylogenetic or taxonomic classification...
in many parts of the world's oceans, making up 55%–95% of plankton samples. They are therefore important in many food webs, taking in energy from phytoplankton
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic component of the plankton community. The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν , meaning "plant", and πλαγκτός , meaning "wanderer" or "drifter". Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye...
and algae
Algae
Algae are a large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelps that grow to 65 meters in length. They are photosynthetic like plants, and "simple" because their tissues are not organized into the many...
and 'repackaging' it for consumption by higher trophic level
Trophic level
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain. The word trophic derives from the Greek τροφή referring to food or feeding. A food chain represents a succession of organisms that eat another organism and are, in turn, eaten themselves. The number of steps an organism...
predators. Many commercial fishes are dependent on calanoid copepods for diet in either their larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...
l or adult forms. Baleen whale
Baleen whale
The Baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, form the Mysticeti, one of two suborders of the Cetacea . Baleen whales are characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water, rather than having teeth. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans,...
s such as bowhead whale
Bowhead Whale
The bowhead whale is a baleen whale of the right whale family Balaenidae in suborder Mysticeti. A stocky dark-colored whale without a dorsal fin, it can grow to in length. This thick-bodied species can weigh to , second only to the blue whale, although the bowhead's maximum length is less than...
s, sei whale
Sei Whale
The sei whale , Balaenoptera borealis, is a baleen whale, the third-largest rorqual after the blue whale and the fin whale. It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids polar and tropical waters and semi-enclosed bodies of water...
s, right whale
Right whale
Right whales are three species of large baleen whales consisting of two genera in the family Balaenidae of order Cetacea. Their bodies are very dark gray or black and rotund....
s and fin whale
Fin Whale
The fin whale , also called the finback whale, razorback, or common rorqual, is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second longest whale and the sixth largest living animal after the blue whale, bowhead whale, and right whales, growing to nearly 27 metres long...
s eat calanoid copepods.
Calanoids can be distinguished from other planktonic copepods by having first antennae
Antenna (biology)
Antennae in biology have historically been paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods. More recently, the term has also been applied to cilium structures present in most cell types of eukaryotes....
at least half the length of the body and biramous second antennae. Their key defining feature anatomically, however, is the presence of a joint between the fifth and sixth body segments. The largest specimens reach 18 millimetre (0.708661417322835 in) long, but most are 0.5–2 mm (0.0196850393700787–0.078740157480315 ) long.
Classification
Calanoida contains the following families, and the genus Microdisseta, incertae sedisIncertae sedis
, is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...
.
- AcartiidaeAcartiidaeAcartiidae is a family of calanoid copepods distinguishable by the rostral margin not being extended. They are epipelagic, planktonic animals, not being found below a depth of . There are over 100 described species distributed throughout the world's oceans, mainly in temperate areas....
- Aetideidae
- Arctokonstantinidae
- Arietellidae
- Augaptilidae
- Bathypontiidae
- Boholinidae
- CalanidaeCalanidaeCalinidae is the largest taxonomic family of calanoid copepods. It includes the genus Calanus, which may be the most abundant animal genus on Earth. Copepods of the genera Calanus and Neocalanus are ecologically important in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the world's oceans.- External links :*...
- Calocalanidae
- Candaciidae
- CentropagidaeCentropagidaeCentropagidae is a family of copepods. Its members are particularly common as plankton in coastal waters and in fresh water in Australia and southern South America...
- Clausocalanidae
- Diaixidae
- DiaptomidaeDiaptomidaeDiaptomidae is a family of freshwater pelagic copepods. It includes around 50 genera:*Acanthodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932*Aglaodiaptomus Light, 1938*Allodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936*Arctodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932*Argyrodiaptomus Brehm, 1933...
- Discoidae
- Epacteriscidae
- Eucalanidae
- Euchaetidae
- Fosshageniidae
- Heterorhabdidae
- Hyperbionychidae
- Lucicutiidae
- Mecynoceridae
- Megacalanidae
- Mesaiokeratidae
- Metridinidae
- Nullosetigeridae
- ParacalanidaeParacalanidaeParacalanidae is a family of copepods. It contains the following genera:*Acrocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888*Bestiolina Andronov, 1991*Delibus Vives & Shmelava, 2007*Paracalanus Boeck, 1865*Parvocalanus Andronov, 1970...
- Parapontellidae
- Parkiidae
- PhaennidaePhaennidaePhaennidae is a family of planktonic copepods, found in pelagic or benthopelagic waters. It contains the following genera:* Brachycalanus Farran, 1905* Cephalophanes Sars, 1907* Cornucalanus Wolfenden, 1905...
- Phyllopodidae
- PontellidaePontellidaePontellidae is a copepod family in the order Calanoida, containing the following genera:*Anomalocera Templeton, 1837*Calanopia Dana, 1852*Epilabidocera C. B. Wilson, 1932*Isocope Brady, 1915*Ivellopsis Claus, 1893...
- Pseudocyclopidae
- Pseudocyclopiidae
- Pseudodiaptomidae
- Ridgewayiidae
- Ryocalanidae
- Scolecitrichidae
- Spinocalanidae
- Stephidae
- Subeucalanidae
- Sulcanidae
- TemoridaeTemoridaeTemoridae is a family of copepods, containing the following genera:*Epischura S. A. Forbes, 1882*Eurytemora Giesbrecht, 1881*Ganchosia Oliveira, 1946*Heterocope G. O. Sars, 1863*Lahmeyeria Oliveira, 1946*Temora Baird, 1850...
- Tharybidae
- Tortanidae