• CER-10
  CER-10
  CER model 10 was a vacuum tube , transistor and relays based computer developed at IBK-Vinca and Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1960 ref.,]. This was the first digital computer ever developed in SFRY....
  
   - 1960, based on vacuum tube
  Vacuum tube
  In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube , or thermionic valve , reduced to simply "tube" or "valve" in everyday parlance, is a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum...
  
  s, transistor
  Transistor
  A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and power. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current...
  
  s, electronic relay
  Relay
  A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal , or where several circuits must be controlled...
  
  s, and magnetic core memory
  Magnetic core memory
  Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access computer memory for 20 years . It uses tiny magnetic toroids , the cores, through which wires are threaded to write and read information. Each core represents one bit of information...
  
  . First Yugoslav digital computer(developed in "Vinca"-Institute) in (SFRY).
• CER-2
  CER-2
  CER model 22 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1960s.-See also:* CER Computers* Mihajlo Pupin Institute...
  
   - 1963, a prototype model
• CER-20
  CER-20
  CER model 20 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute . It was designed as the "electronic bookkeeping machine". First prototype was planned for 1964.-See also:* CER Computers* Mihajlo Pupin Institute* History of computer hardware in the SFRY...
  
   - 1964, CER-30 - 1966, - the prototypes of the "electronic bookkeeping machine" for EI Niš
  EI Nis
  EI Niš, short for Electronic Industry Niš is a company with headquarters in Niš, Serbia. It originated in 1948 from the foundation of the Institute for the Production of Radio Sets and Roentgen Machines, "RR Niš."...
  
   and RIZ Zagreb;.
• CER-200
  CER-200
  CER model 200 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1966.-See also:* CER Computers* Mihajlo Pupin Institute* History of computer hardware in the SFRY...
  
   - 1966, series of 18 "electronic bookkeeping computers".
• CER-202
  CER-202
  CER model 202 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in the 1960s.-See also:* CER Computers* Mihajlo Pupin Institute...
  
  -1968; CER-203
  CER-203
  CER model 203 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1971. It was designed to process data of medium sized businesses:...
  
   - 1972
• CER-22
  CER-22
  CER model 22 was a transistor based computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1967. It was originally intended for banking applications and was used for data processing and management planning in banks, trade and utility companies in Belgrade.Three CER-22 computers were purchased by...
  
   - 1967, based on transistor
  Transistor
  A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and power. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current...
  
  s, MSI
  MSI
  -Computing:* Windows Installer, an installer system written by Microsoft for Windows platforms * Medium Scale Integration, a generation of integrated circuit chips which contain hundreds of transistors...
  
   circuits, magnetic core memory, punched card
  Punched card
  A punched card, punch card, IBM card, or Hollerith card is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions...
  
  s and magnetic disks. Serie of 3 electronic systems, used for on-line banking operations and data processing
  Data processing
  Computer data processing is any process that a computer program does to enter data and summarise, analyse or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analysing, sorting, summarising, calculating, disseminating and...
  
   applications;
• CER-12
  CER-12
  CER model 12 was an third generation digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1971 and intended for "business and statistical data processing". However, manufacturer also stated, at the time, that having in mind its architecture and performance, it can also be used successfully in...
  
   - 1971, "electronic computer for business data processing", based on VLSI technology, wire wrapping boards, magnetic disks and magnetic tape
  Magnetic tape
  Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders...
  
  s;
• CER-11 - 1966, based on transistors, core memory, Teletype
  Teletype Corporation
  The Teletype Corporation, a part of American Telephone and Telegraph Company's Western Electric manufacturing arm since 1930, came into being in 1928 when the Morkrum-Kleinschmidt Company changed its name to the name of its trademark equipment...
  
   printer etc. Mobile military computer (used in the JNA (Yugoslav People's Army
  Yugoslav People's Army
  The Yugoslav People's Army , also referred to as the Yugoslav National Army , was the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.-Origins:The origins of the JNA can...
  
  );
• CER-101 Kosmos - 1973, based on VLSI circuits, core memory, magnetic drum, paper tapes, Teletype printers; Mobile computer in special military vehicles (used in the JNA's V.T. Institute);
• CER-111 - 1975, Mobile military computer, based on VLSI technology, Hard disk drive; Used in JNA until 1989.

CER COMPUTERS, Wiki table

LITERATURE for CER computers

1. Rajko Tomović, A.Mandzić, T.Aleksić, P.Vrbavac, V.Masnikosa, D.Hristović i M. Marić: «CIFARSKI ELEKTRONSKI RAČUNAR – CER INSTITUTA VINČA«, Zbornik V Konf. ETAN – 1960,tom 1, pp. 305-330, Beograd, 18. November 1960.
2. Vukašin Masnikosa:«Aritmetički organ eksperiment.numeričke mašine u IBK-Vinča«, ELEKTROTEHNIKA,vol.8,No 8,pp.xx, Belgrade 1959.(takodje: ETAN-1958,pp.303)
3. Dušan Hristović,Branko Dokmanović:«Napajanje rač.mašine CER«, V Konf.ETAN-60, pp.315-324, Belgrade 1960.
4. Tihomir Aleksić,P.Vrbavac,J.Opačić: «Magnetno-tranzistorski brojački element i njegova primena u brojačima impulsa«,AUTOMATIKA i ELEKTRONIKA,vol.2,No4,Beograd 1962.
5. B.Janković,N.Parezanović,S.Rajić,M.Marić:«Analiza jednotakt.prekid.sistema na univ. računarima«,Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1,pp. 211-217, Zagreb,7.Sept.1963.
6. Dušan Hristović: »Tranzistorski izlazni pojačavači za feritne memorije« , Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1, pp.219-225, Zagreb, 7.September 1963.
7. Nedeljko Parezanović: «Elektronski računar sa usvajanjem programa«, Zbornik 8.Konf.ETAN-1963,tom 1, pp.199-204, Zagreb, 7.Sept. 1963.
8. Veselin Potić:«Poluprom. memorija induktivnog tipa«, 9.Kon.ETAN-64,pp.243-246, YU Bled .
9. M.Hruška,M.Marić:”Pristupni sistem brze koincid.mem.vel.kapaciteta”,Zbornik 11.Konf.ETAN-67,tom 1,pp.365-372, Niš 8.June 1967.
10. Dušan Hristović: »Računar CER–22«, journal HPEEA, No 10, pp.5-12, Belgrade, Oktober.1969.
11. M.Momčilović,D.Hristović,P.Vrbavac et al:»Domaći cifarski el. računari CER«, Zbornik Savetovanja:Mehanografija i AOP u preduzećima, pp.38-58, YU Nova Varoš, 22.May 1969.
12. Vladislav Paunović: »Jedno rešenje veze linijskog štampača«, časopis HPEEA, No 15, pp.31-35,Belgrade, July 1970.
13. Vladislav Paunović: »Aritmetička jedinica-AJ računara CER-12«, AUTOMATIKA, No3, pp.161-165, Zagreb, 1971.(v.takodje Konf.ETAN-1972,str.877-886, Velenje, June 1972.)
14. Veselin Potić,M.Šavikin:«U/I sistem CER-12«,AUTOMATIKA,No 3, pp.166-176,Zagreb,1971.
15. M.Momčilović, Miladin Dabić:«Domaći el.sistem za obradu podataka CER-203« VI jug.simpozium o automatizaciji obrade podataka, Zagreb, 1972.
16. Dušan Hristović: »MP struktura digitalnog računara HRS 101«, AUTOMATIKA, No3, pp. 173-179, Zagreb, 1972.
17. M.Šavikin,V.Potić,M.Timotić,A.Marjanski: «Podsistem čitača-bušača pap.trake u sklopu rač.sistema CER-12«,Zborn.16Kon.ETAN-1972,pp.865-876, Velenje, June 1972.
18. V.Potić,B.Tanasijević:«Organizacija i rešenje sistema memorije na magnetnom dobošu«,Zbornik 17.Konf.ETAN-1973, tom 2, pp.1030-1035, Novi Sad , 6.June 1973.
19. B. J. Kogan,P.Vrbavac et al:«Gibr.Vičisl.Sistema GVS-100«, Sbornik IPU, Moskva 1974, pp.5-42; Also:Proc.of the VII.Congress AICA-73, pp.305-316, Prague 27. August 1973.
20. Dušan Hristović,Borivoj Lazić: «Programsko testiranje eksternih memorija«, Zbornik 18.Konf.ETAN-1974,tom 2, pp.1157-1166, Ulcinj 6. June 1974.
21. Tihomir Aleksić:”Logička sinteza digitalnih sistema«,Naučna knjiga, Belgrade 1971.i 1975.(2 editions).
22. Veselin Potić,i dr:«Programska detekcija kvarova u disk-memoriji«,Informatika-1974, YU Bled.
23. Veselin Potić,Dušan Hristović:«Asocijativna struktura za adresiranje spoljnih memorija«, AUTOMATIKA,No 5-6, pp.181-185,Zagreb 1976.(also see: 20.Konf.ETAN-76, pp.1127-1135,YU Opatija).
24. Dušan Hristović: ”Interaktivni grafički terminali”,Zbornik ETAN-77,pp.161-168,Banja Luka,6.June 1977.
25. Tihomir Aleksić:»RAČUNARI-ORGANIZACIJA I ARHITEKTURA«,Naucna knjiga,Belgrade 1982,85,89.i 1991. (4 editions).
26. Dragoljub Milićević,Dušan Hristović et al: «RAČUNARI TIM«, Naučna knjiga,Belgrade,1990. (pp. 163-169, see the photographies of the CER computers).
27. Dusan Hristovic: «Computer History,CER-10«, IT Star Newsletter, Vol.7, No.1, pp.6-7, Spring issue 2009.
28. B.Lazić, D.Živković,Ž.Tošić,M.Stojčev,D.Obradović,V.Kovačević:»50 GODINA RAČUNARSTVA«,Zbornik 39.Konf.ETRAN-95, tom 3,pp.7-20, Zlatibor, 6.June 1995.
29. Bogdan Janković: »CER NAŠE MLADOSTI«, PC Press - Extra, pp. 4-6, Belgrade, Jan.1996.
30. Vladislav Paunović, Dušan Hristović: «PRIKAZ I ANALIZA RAČUNARA CER« Zbornik 44.Konf.ETRAN-2000,tom 3, pp.79-82, Sokobanja, 26.June 2000.

See also: