CD59
Encyclopedia
Protectin, a complement regulatory protein, also known as , or MIRL (membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis) is a human gene
and protein.
CD59 inhibits the complement membrane attack complex
by binding C5b678 and preventing C9
from binding and polymerizing. It is present on "self" cells to prevent complement from damaging them. CD59, along with CD55 are not present in the condition paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
. Viruses such as HIV
, human cytomegalovirus
and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope
to prevent lysis by complement.
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
and protein.
CD59 inhibits the complement membrane attack complex
Complement membrane attack complex
The membrane attack complex is typically formed on the surface of intruding pathogenic bacterial cells as a result of the activation of the alternative pathway of the complement system, and it is one of the effector proteins of the immune system. The membrane-attack complex forms transmembrane...
by binding C5b678 and preventing C9
Complement component 9
Complement component 9 is a protein involved in the complement system....
from binding and polymerizing. It is present on "self" cells to prevent complement from damaging them. CD59, along with CD55 are not present in the condition paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria , sometimes referred to as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome, is a rare, acquired, potentially life-threatening disease of the blood characterised by complement-induced intravascular hemolytic anemia , red urine and thrombosis...
. Viruses such as HIV
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive...
, human cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is a viral genus of the viral group known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as CMV: The species that infects humans is commonly known as human CMV or human herpesvirus-5 , and is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses...
and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope
Viral envelope
Many viruses have viral envelopes covering their protein capsids. The envelopes typically are derived from portions of the host cell membranes , but include some viral glycoproteins. Functionally, viral envelopes are used to help viruses enter host cells...
to prevent lysis by complement.