C-803
Encyclopedia
The Yingji-83 or YJ-83 ' onMouseout='HidePop("26626")' href="/topics/NATO_reporting_name">NATO reporting name
: CSS-N- ) is a Chinese
anti-ship missile
based on the YJ-82, designed as a supersonic
successor to the subsonic
YJ-82 missile. The export designation is C-803.
missile.
The YJ-83 program begun started in the beginning of 1994, rumored as an attempt to stay ahead of Taiwan
, which was developing its own supersonic anti-ship missile Hsiung Feng III
. To speed up the development, the original radar seeker of C-802
was retained, and this seeker had won the first place of the scientific and technological advance reward given by the Ministry of Aerospace and Aeronautics of China in 1992. For the same goal of speeding up the development, the turbojet engine of C-802 was also retained, though significant modification was needed for the new missile.
From November 1995 thru November 1996, a total of five flight tests were conducted, with three failures, including the test conducted on November 15, 1995 during which the missile immediately plunged into water as soon as it left the launcher. Failure analysis revealed that all failures were caused by the propulsion systems and many were discouraged and suggested to adopt imported Russian systems instead. The suggestion was rejected and after numerous attempts and trials, the domestic development and upgrade of the indigenous propulsion systems of the missiles were finally successfully completed. However, the project was still in limbo, because there were other problems existed.
In 1997, funding for the project was greatly reduced, resulting in only two test flights, both of which failed. Failures were caused by problems of cables, which caused the radio altimeter to provide incorrect info, resulting in test flight failure. Although the problem was solved by redesign, a new problem appeared soon after, this time in production, a quality problem. The rudder control mechanism malfunctioned during quality tests, and it was discovered that instead of using the screw as it was supposed to be, a broken drill was used instead. As a result, the production manager was removed from his post, and the project manager was removed also, to sent away to be retrained, and a new quality goal of zero defect was implemented, and everyone was reminded the quality goal on daily basis by reiterating the slogan “Zero mistake in work, zero defect in products, zero risk in test flights.” In June 1998, the test flight after the new quality policy was implemented was conducted, and was successful, and four months later, two missiles scored direct hits on the target at the maximum range in test flights. Immediately following the two success, another three tests were conducted, two of which were completely success, while the other was considered partially success. After many more test, the missile was finally accepted into service.
Work immediately progressed to improve the missile. A datalink antenna is fitted on the missile to receive midcourse targeting information from naval surveillance aircraft such as Harbin SH-5 or Y-8X Maritime Patrol Aircraft and helicopters such as Z-8
and Z-9
, and this feature has become standard for the all missiles currently in production. Unlike the seekers of YJ-82/C-802 upgrades that was later adopted for YJ-3/C-803, the datalink was actually first developed for YJ-83/C-803 and then later adopted for the YJ-2/C-802 upgrade. However, it is not clear if this datalink is the one that is only compatible with the radar seeker and the dual radar and infrared guidance seeker, or the one that is compatible with all types of seekers.
Due to the supersonic speed of the terminal stage, it is nearly impossible for the missile to fly in the terrain following mode, and thus the new missile has not yet had the land attack capability against inland targets like its predecessor C-802, instead, it only has limited land attack capability against coastal targets. Despite its improvement, however, the future of YJ-83 (C-803) was uncertain, because a more advanced missile designed as YJ-12 was already being developed by China Haiying Electromechanical Technology Academy (中国海鹰机电技术研究院), and the chief designer of the new missile was none other than Mr. Huang Ruisong (黄锐松), the chief designer of YJ-83 (C-803). It is unlikely that YJ-83 (C-803) would enter service in large numbers due to the availability of more advanced missile already developed. Pakistan Navy
operates these missiles in its Khalid class Agosta 90B submarines.
Related development
Related lists
NATO reporting name
NATO reporting names are classified code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc...
: CSS-N- ) is a Chinese
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
anti-ship missile
Anti-ship missile
Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
based on the YJ-82, designed as a supersonic
Supersonic
Supersonic speed is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound . For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C this speed is approximately 343 m/s, 1,125 ft/s, 768 mph or 1,235 km/h. Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound are often...
successor to the subsonic
Subsonic aircraft
A subsonic aircraft is an aircraft with a maximum speed less than the speed of sound ....
YJ-82 missile. The export designation is C-803.
Development and design
The chief designer was the chief designer of YJ-85, the latest member of YJ-8 series, Mr. Huang Ruisong (黄锐松), who succeeded Mr. Liang Shoupan (梁守槃) after his retirement. Also powered by a turbojet engine, the YJ-83 has an operational range of 255+km air-launched and 150–200 km surface-launched. The very first model of the YJ-83 anti-ship missile first appeared on the National Day parade in 1999, and it was only armed with a radar seeker. Seekers of the YJ-82/C-802 upgrade are also available for YJ-83/C-803, but it is not clear if Chinese have adopted these seekers yet. The launching/storage container of the new missile retained the capability to handle earlier missiles, as well as the CY-1 ASWAnti-submarine warfare
Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of naval warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage or destroy enemy submarines....
missile.
The YJ-83 program begun started in the beginning of 1994, rumored as an attempt to stay ahead of Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, which was developing its own supersonic anti-ship missile Hsiung Feng III
Hsiung Feng III
The Hsiung Feng III is the third in the Hsiung Feng series of anti-ship missiles developed by the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology in Taiwan...
. To speed up the development, the original radar seeker of C-802
C-802
The Yingji-82 or YJ-82 is a Chinese anti-ship missile first unveiled in 1989 by the China Haiying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy , also known as the Third Academy...
was retained, and this seeker had won the first place of the scientific and technological advance reward given by the Ministry of Aerospace and Aeronautics of China in 1992. For the same goal of speeding up the development, the turbojet engine of C-802 was also retained, though significant modification was needed for the new missile.
From November 1995 thru November 1996, a total of five flight tests were conducted, with three failures, including the test conducted on November 15, 1995 during which the missile immediately plunged into water as soon as it left the launcher. Failure analysis revealed that all failures were caused by the propulsion systems and many were discouraged and suggested to adopt imported Russian systems instead. The suggestion was rejected and after numerous attempts and trials, the domestic development and upgrade of the indigenous propulsion systems of the missiles were finally successfully completed. However, the project was still in limbo, because there were other problems existed.
In 1997, funding for the project was greatly reduced, resulting in only two test flights, both of which failed. Failures were caused by problems of cables, which caused the radio altimeter to provide incorrect info, resulting in test flight failure. Although the problem was solved by redesign, a new problem appeared soon after, this time in production, a quality problem. The rudder control mechanism malfunctioned during quality tests, and it was discovered that instead of using the screw as it was supposed to be, a broken drill was used instead. As a result, the production manager was removed from his post, and the project manager was removed also, to sent away to be retrained, and a new quality goal of zero defect was implemented, and everyone was reminded the quality goal on daily basis by reiterating the slogan “Zero mistake in work, zero defect in products, zero risk in test flights.” In June 1998, the test flight after the new quality policy was implemented was conducted, and was successful, and four months later, two missiles scored direct hits on the target at the maximum range in test flights. Immediately following the two success, another three tests were conducted, two of which were completely success, while the other was considered partially success. After many more test, the missile was finally accepted into service.
Work immediately progressed to improve the missile. A datalink antenna is fitted on the missile to receive midcourse targeting information from naval surveillance aircraft such as Harbin SH-5 or Y-8X Maritime Patrol Aircraft and helicopters such as Z-8
Aérospatiale Super Frelon
The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon is a three-engined heavy transport helicopter produced by Aérospatiale of France. The helicopter is still in use in China where the locally produced version is known as the Z-8. "Frelon" is French for hornet....
and Z-9
Eurocopter Dauphin
The Eurocopter SA 365/AS365 Dauphin 2 is a medium-weight multipurpose twin-engine helicopter manufactured by Eurocopter .-Design and development:...
, and this feature has become standard for the all missiles currently in production. Unlike the seekers of YJ-82/C-802 upgrades that was later adopted for YJ-3/C-803, the datalink was actually first developed for YJ-83/C-803 and then later adopted for the YJ-2/C-802 upgrade. However, it is not clear if this datalink is the one that is only compatible with the radar seeker and the dual radar and infrared guidance seeker, or the one that is compatible with all types of seekers.
Due to the supersonic speed of the terminal stage, it is nearly impossible for the missile to fly in the terrain following mode, and thus the new missile has not yet had the land attack capability against inland targets like its predecessor C-802, instead, it only has limited land attack capability against coastal targets. Despite its improvement, however, the future of YJ-83 (C-803) was uncertain, because a more advanced missile designed as YJ-12 was already being developed by China Haiying Electromechanical Technology Academy (中国海鹰机电技术研究院), and the chief designer of the new missile was none other than Mr. Huang Ruisong (黄锐松), the chief designer of YJ-83 (C-803). It is unlikely that YJ-83 (C-803) would enter service in large numbers due to the availability of more advanced missile already developed. Pakistan Navy
Pakistan Navy
The Pakistan Navy is the naval warfare/service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. Pakistan's Navy is responsible for Pakistan's coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important civilian harbors and military bases...
operates these missiles in its Khalid class Agosta 90B submarines.
Specifications
- Length: 6 – 7 m
- Weight: 850 – 1200 kg
- Diameter: 0.36 m
- Range: 120 - 255+ km (depending on launch platform)
- Cruising altitude: 10 – 50 m for initial target approach phase, 5 m for final/terminal phase (~20 km from target)
- Speed:
- Subsonic for initial target approach phase
- Mach 1.3 for intermediary target approach phase (~30 km from target)
- Mach 1.7 for final target approach phase (~20 km from target)
- Mach 2 for terminal phase (~8 km from target)
- Propulsion: Solid-fuel rocket booster and turbojet engine
- Warhead: 165 kg semi-armour-piercing
See also
- Anti-ship missileAnti-ship missileAnti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
Related development
- YJ-82 (C-802)C-802The Yingji-82 or YJ-82 is a Chinese anti-ship missile first unveiled in 1989 by the China Haiying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy , also known as the Third Academy...
Related lists