Bukey Horde
Encyclopedia
The Bukey Horde also known as the Inner Horde or Interior Horde was an autonomous Khanate of Kazakhs
located north of the Caspian Sea
in between Ural
and Volga Rivers but never reached this rivers. The khanate officially existed from 1801 to 1845, when the position of khan
was abolished and the area was fully absorbed into the administration of the Russian Empire
. It was located in the western part of modern-day Kazakhstan
. The land spread on 71,000 square kilometers.
The population consisted primarily from 5 thousand families of Junior Juz
. In a middle of 19th century population grew to 200 thousand people.
It was named after sultan Bokei Nuralyuly.
In 1756 the Russians
attempted to ban the Kazakhs from crossing the Ural River, partly to help the Bashkirs
. This was difficult to enforce, given Russia's limited resources. There were numerous 'illegal' crossings and conflicts with the Ural Cossaks. In 1771, following the Kalmyck exodus to Dzungaria
, the area became depopulated. The Russians attempted to confine the remaining Kalmyks west of the Volga. From 1782 the Russians permitted Nur Ali and his family, and later some other groups, to cross the Ural legally. In 1801, Russia allowed Nur Ali's son Sultan Bukey, along with some 7,500 families from the Junior jüz
to reside permanently in the "Inner Side", as the western side of the Ural was known. After the death of Bukey Sultan, Shygai Khan became the new khan from 1819–1823, followed by Zhangir Khan from 1823-1845.
In 1845, following the death of Zhangir Khan, the position of khan was abolished and the area gradually came under Russian civil administration.
From 1836 to 1838, under the command of Isatay Taymanuly and famous akyn Makhambet Otemisuly
, an uprising against the rule of Zhangir Khan occurred in the region. The uprising was eventually suppressed.
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
located north of the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
in between Ural
Ural River
The Ural or Jayıq/Zhayyq , known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan. It arises in the southern Ural Mountains and ends at the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1,511 mi making it the third longest river in Europe after the Volga and the Danube...
and Volga Rivers but never reached this rivers. The khanate officially existed from 1801 to 1845, when the position of khan
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
was abolished and the area was fully absorbed into the administration of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
. It was located in the western part of modern-day Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. The land spread on 71,000 square kilometers.
The population consisted primarily from 5 thousand families of Junior Juz
Junior Jüz
Little jüz or Alshyns are the Western subgroup of the Kazakhs. They originate from the Nogais of the Nogai Horde, which once was placed in Western Kazakhstan, but in the 16th century it was defeated by the Kazakhs and the Russians and Nogais retreated to the Western part of their khanate, to the...
. In a middle of 19th century population grew to 200 thousand people.
It was named after sultan Bokei Nuralyuly.
In 1756 the Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
attempted to ban the Kazakhs from crossing the Ural River, partly to help the Bashkirs
Bashkirs
The Bashkirs are a Turkic people indigenous to Bashkortostan extending on both parts of the Ural mountains, on the place where Europe meets Asia. Groups of Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Samara and Saratov Oblasts of...
. This was difficult to enforce, given Russia's limited resources. There were numerous 'illegal' crossings and conflicts with the Ural Cossaks. In 1771, following the Kalmyck exodus to Dzungaria
Dzungaria
Dzungaria, also called Zungaria, is a geographical region in northwest China corresponding to the northern half of Xinjiang. It covers approximately , lying mostly within Xinjiang, and extending into western Mongolia and eastern Kazakhstan...
, the area became depopulated. The Russians attempted to confine the remaining Kalmyks west of the Volga. From 1782 the Russians permitted Nur Ali and his family, and later some other groups, to cross the Ural legally. In 1801, Russia allowed Nur Ali's son Sultan Bukey, along with some 7,500 families from the Junior jüz
Junior Jüz
Little jüz or Alshyns are the Western subgroup of the Kazakhs. They originate from the Nogais of the Nogai Horde, which once was placed in Western Kazakhstan, but in the 16th century it was defeated by the Kazakhs and the Russians and Nogais retreated to the Western part of their khanate, to the...
to reside permanently in the "Inner Side", as the western side of the Ural was known. After the death of Bukey Sultan, Shygai Khan became the new khan from 1819–1823, followed by Zhangir Khan from 1823-1845.
In 1845, following the death of Zhangir Khan, the position of khan was abolished and the area gradually came under Russian civil administration.
From 1836 to 1838, under the command of Isatay Taymanuly and famous akyn Makhambet Otemisuly
Makhambet Otemisuly
Makhambet Otemisuly was a Kazakh poet and political figure. He is best known for his activity as a leader of rebellions against Russian colonialism. This activity is believed to have resulted in his murder in 1846. His first rebellions took place against Zhangir-Kerey Khan of the Bukey Horde...
, an uprising against the rule of Zhangir Khan occurred in the region. The uprising was eventually suppressed.