British ground forces in the Falklands War
Encyclopedia
This is a list of the ground forces from the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

 that took part in the Falklands War
Falklands War
The Falklands War , also called the Falklands Conflict or Falklands Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the disputed Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands...

. For a list of ground forces from Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

, see Argentine ground forces in the Falklands War
Argentine ground forces in the Falklands War
This is a list of the ground forces from Argentina that took part in the Falklands War . For a list of ground forces from the United Kingdom, see British ground forces in the Falklands War.- Operation Rosario :...


Land Forces

The land forces employed by the United Kingdom during the Falklands War amounted to a divisional sized formation, named as Land Forces Falkland Islands, consisting of two brigades:
  • 3 Commando Brigade - formed primarily by the Royal Marines
    Royal Marines
    The Corps of Her Majesty's Royal Marines, commonly just referred to as the Royal Marines , are the marine corps and amphibious infantry of the United Kingdom and, along with the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, form the Naval Service...

    , 3 Commando Brigade was the primary British rapid reaction force, tasked with reinforcing the NATO northern flank in Norway
    Norway
    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

     in the event of war with the Soviet Union
    Soviet Union
    The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

     in Europe. 3 Commando Brigade was the formation with most experience of amphibious operations. In its NATO role, 3 Commando Brigade was reinforced by the Dutch Korps Mariniers. However, the situation required reinforcement by British units, with the result that 2nd & 3rd Battalions of the Parachute Regiment were reassigned from 5 Infantry Brigade.
  • 5 Infantry Brigade was the UK's main "out of area" reaction formation, tasked with operations outside the European theatre. At the time, it would normally be formed using two battalions of the Parachute Regiment, together with the UK based Gurkha
    Gurkha
    Gurkha are people from Nepal who take their name from the Gorkha District. Gurkhas are best known for their history in the Indian Army's Gorkha regiments, the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas and the Nepalese Army. Gurkha units are closely associated with the kukri, a forward-curving Nepalese knife...

     battalion. However, since both 2 PARA and 3 PARA were used to reinforce 3 Commando Brigade for the initial landings in the Falklands, 5 Brigade was reinforced with two battalions of foot guards
    Foot Guards
    -British Army:The Foot Guards are the Regular Infantry regiments of the Household Division of the British Army. There have been six regiments of foot guards, five of which still exist. The Royal Guards Reserve Regiment was a reserve formation of the Household Brigade in existence from 1900-1901...

     then on public duties
    Public duties
    Public duties are performed by military personnel, and usually have a ceremonial or historic significance rather than an overtly operational role.-Germany:...

     in London. These were chosen as they were immediately available, as they were neither on internal security duties in Northern Ireland
    Northern Ireland
    Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...

     nor attached to BAOR.


Land Forces HQ

  • Land forces commander: Major-General Jeremy Moore
    Jeremy Moore
    Major General Sir John Jeremy Moore KCB, OBE, MC & Bar was the commander of the British land forces during the Falklands War in 1982. Moore received the surrender of the Argentine forces on the islands.-Military career:...

    , Royal Marines
    Royal Marines
    The Corps of Her Majesty's Royal Marines, commonly just referred to as the Royal Marines , are the marine corps and amphibious infantry of the United Kingdom and, along with the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, form the Naval Service...

  • Deputy commander: Brigadier
    Brigadier
    Brigadier is a senior military rank, the meaning of which is somewhat different in different military services. The brigadier rank is generally superior to the rank of colonel, and subordinate to major general....

     John Waters
    John Waters (British Army officer)
    General Sir Charles John Waters GCB CBE is a former Commander in Chief, UK Land Forces.-Army career:Educated at Oundle School, John Waters was commissioned into the Gloucestershire Regiment in February 1956. He was made Commanding Officer of 1st Bn Gloucestershire Regiment in 1975...


3 Commando Brigade
3 Commando Brigade
3 Commando Brigade is a commando formation of the British Armed Forces and the main manoeuvre formation of the Royal Marines. Its personnel are predominantly Royal Marines, supported by units of Royal Engineers, Royal Artillery, The Rifles, and the Fleet Air Arm, together with other Commando...

 

Commander: Brigadier
Brigadier
Brigadier is a senior military rank, the meaning of which is somewhat different in different military services. The brigadier rank is generally superior to the rank of colonel, and subordinate to major general....

 Julian Thompson
Julian Thompson
Major General Julian Howard Atherden Thompson, CB, OBE is a military historian and former Royal Marines officer who, as a brigadier, commanded 3 Commando Brigade during the Falklands War.-Military career:...

  • 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery
    29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery
    29 Commando Regiment is the Commando-trained unit of the British Army's Royal Artillery. The regiment is under the operational control of 3 Commando Brigade providing artillery support and gunnery observation.- History :...

     (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     Mike Holroyd Smith)
    • 18 x 105 mm L118 Light Guns
      L118 Light Gun
      The L118 Light Gun is a 105 mm towed howitzer, originally produced for the British Army in the 1970s and widely exported since, including to the United States, where a modified version is known as the M119A1...

    • 148 Naval Gunfire Observation Battery
  • 40 Commando
    40 Commando
    40 Commando RM is a battalion sized formation of the British Royal Marines and subordinate unit within 3 Commando Brigade, the principal Commando formation, under the Operational Command of Commander in Chief Fleet....

    , Royal Marines
    Royal Marines
    The Corps of Her Majesty's Royal Marines, commonly just referred to as the Royal Marines , are the marine corps and amphibious infantry of the United Kingdom and, along with the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, form the Naval Service...

     (Lt Col Malcolm Hunt) — Blue Beach 1 - Sapper Hill
    Sapper Hill
    Sapper Hill is on East Falkland, Falkland Islands, . It is just to the south of Stanley, and is heavily mined from the Falklands War. It is named after a company of sappers who were based at Moody Brook barracks.-Falklands War:...

    . (†1)
  • 42 Commando
    42 Commando
    42 Commando Royal Marines is a battalion sized formation of the British Royal Marines and a subordinate unit within 3 Commando Brigade, the principal Commando formation, under the Operational Command of Commander in Chief Fleet....

    , Royal Marines (Lt Col Nick Vaux
    Nick Vaux
    Major General Nick Vaux, CB DSO RM is a retired Royal Marine officer, and former commander of 42 Commando during the Falklands War. Vaux joined the Royal Marines in 1954, and completed training in time to take part in the first helicopter-borne amphibious operation as a member of 45 Commando during...

    ) — Mount Kent - Mount Harriet
    Battle of Mount Harriet
    The Battle of Mount Harriet was an engagement of the Falklands War, which took place on the night of 11/12 June 1982 between British and Argentine forces. It was one of three battles in a brigade-size operation on the same night.-Forces:...

    . (†2)
  • 45 Commando
    45 Commando
    45 Commando Royal Marines is a battalion sized unit of the British Royal Marines and subordinate unit within 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines, the principal Commando formation, under the Operational Command of Commander in Chief Fleet....

    , Royal Marines (Lt Col Andrew Whitehead) — Red Beach - Douglas Settlement - Two Sisters
    Battle of Two Sisters
    The Battle of Two Sisters was an engagement of the Falklands War during the British advance towards the capital Stanley that took place from 11 to 12 June 1982.-Composition of forces:...

    . (†12)
  • 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     H. Jones
    H. Jones
    Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert Jones VC OBE, , known as H. Jones, was a British army officer and posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross...

     VC) — Blue Beach 2 - Goose Green
    Battle of Goose Green
    The Battle of Goose Green was an engagement of the Falklands War between British and Argentine forces. Goose Green and its neighbour Darwin are settlements on East Falkland in the Falkland Islands. They lie on Choiseul Sound on the east side of the island's central isthmus...

     & Darwin
    Darwin, Falkland Islands
    Darwin is a settlement in Lafonia on East Falkland, lying on Choiseul Sound, on the east side of the island's central isthmus, north of Goose Green...

     - Wireless Ridge
    Battle of Wireless Ridge
    The Battle of Wireless Ridge was an engagement of the Falklands War which took place on the night of 13 June and 14 June 1982, between British and Argentine forces during the advance towards the Argentine-occupied capital of the Falklands Stanley. Wireless Ridge was one of seven strategic hills...

    . (†18)
    • 29 Field Battery RA
    • Blowpipe
      Blowpipe missile
      The Shorts Blowpipe is a man-portable surface-to-air missile which was in use with the British Army and Royal Marines from 1975. It was superseded by an interim design, Javelin, and later the greatly improved Starstreak missile.-Description:...

       Troop of 43 Air Defence Battery
    • Field Troop 9 Parachute Engineer Squadron (†4)
    • Troop 16 Field Ambulance
    • Department 81 Ordnance Company
    • 613 TACP
  • 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     Hew Pike
    Hew Pike
    Lieutenant-General Sir Hew William Royston Pike KCB, DSO, MBE is a retired British Army officer known for his service in the Falklands War and for his command in Northern Ireland.-Education and early career:...

    ) — Green Beach - Teal Inlet
    Teal Inlet
    Teal Inlet is a settlement on East Falkland, in the Falkland Islands, on the south shore of Salvador Water. It is overshadowed by Jack's Mountain...

     - Mount Longdon
    Mount Longdon
    Mount Longdon is a mountain in the east of East Falkland in the Falkland Islands. It is best known as the site of the Battle of Mount Longdon, and overlooks Stanley, the islands' capital....

    . (†21)
    • 1 x Section Field Ambulance
    • 1 x Ordnance Coy Detachment
  • Commando Logistics Regiment, Royal Marines (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     Ivar Helberg) (†1)
  • 3 Commando Brigade HQ and Signals Squadron (Major
    Major (UK)
    In the British military, major is a military rank which is used by both the British Army and Royal Marines. The rank insignia for a major is a crown...

     Peter Cameron) (†1)
    • 9 x Gazelle AH.1 helicopters (†3)
    • 6 x Scout helicopters (†1)
  • Reconnaissance Troops (Lt.
    Lieutenant
    A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...

     Mark Coreth
    Mark Coreth
    -Biography:Mark Coreth was born in London in 1958 and was immediately dispatched to the family farm in the Kenyan highlands where the Equator ran through the house. Black and white colobus monkeys leapt amongst the branches in the trees behind the house where leopard and cheetah also lived...

    )
B Squadron, Blues and Royals
Blues and Royals
The Blues and Royals is a cavalry regiment of the British Army, part of the Household Cavalry. The Colonel-in-Chief is Her Majesty The Queen and the Colonel is HRH The Princess Royal...

    • 4 x FV101 Scorpion
      FV101 Scorpion
      The FV101 Scorpion is a British armoured reconnaissance vehicle. It was the lead vehicle and the fire support type in the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance , CVR, family of seven armoured vehicles...

       CVR(T) (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked))
    • 4 x FV107 Scimitar
      FV107 Scimitar
      FV107 Scimitar is an armoured reconnaissance vehicle used by the British Army. It is very similar to the FV101 Scorpion but mounts a high velocity 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon instead of a 76 mm gun. It was issued to Royal Armoured Corps, Armoured Regiments in the Reconnaissance role...

       CVR(T) (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked))
    • 1 x FV106 Samson
      FV106 Samson
      FV106 Samson is a British Army armoured recovery vehicle, one of the CVR family. The main role of this vehicle is to recover the CVR family of vehicles, but can recover other light tracked vehicles such as the FV430 series.-Design and features:...

       CVR(T) (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked))
  • T Battery 12 Air Defence Regiment
    • 12 x Rapier Missile FS.B2
      Rapier missile
      Rapier is a British surface-to-air missile developed for the British Army and Royal Air Force. Entering service in 1971, it eventually replaced all other anti-aircraft weapons in Army service; guns for low-altitude targets, and the English Electric Thunderbird, used against longer-range and...

       Launcher
  • Air Defence Troop
    • 12 x Blowpipe Missile
      Blowpipe missile
      The Shorts Blowpipe is a man-portable surface-to-air missile which was in use with the British Army and Royal Marines from 1975. It was superseded by an interim design, Javelin, and later the greatly improved Starstreak missile.-Description:...

       launchers
  • Raiding Squadron, Royal Marines (Captain Chris Baxter)
    • 17 x Rigid Raiding Craft
      Rigid Raider
      The Rigid Raider is a series of fast patrol/assault boat made by RTK Marine, a subsidiary of Halmatic . They are in service with many armed forces, including the Royal Marines, the SBS and Royal Engineers...

  • Mountain and Arctic Warfare Cadre, Royal Marines (Captain Rod Boswell)
  • 2, 3 and 6 Sections Special Boat Squadron (SBS), Royal Marines, (Major Jonathan Thomson) (†1)
    • 67 men
  • D and G Squadrons 22nd SAS Regiment (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     Michael Rose
    Hugh Michael Rose
    General Sir Hugh Michael Rose KCB, CBE, DSO, QGM , often known as Mike Rose, is a retired British Army General. As well as commanding 22 Special Air Service Regiment, he was Commander UNPROFOR Bosnia in 1994 during the Yugoslav Wars.-Early life:The stepson of British author John Masters, Rose was...

    ) (†19)
    • 107 men
  • 3 x Tactical air control parties
  • Air maintenance group
  • Rear link detachment 30 Signal Regiment (†3)
  • Elements of 17 Port Regiment Royal Corps of Transport
    Royal Corps of Transport
    The Royal Corps of Transport was a British Army Corps formed in 1965 from the transport elements of the Royal Army Service Corps and the movement control element of the Royal Engineers . The depot was Buller Barracks in Aldershot...

    .
    • 3 x Mexeflote
      Mexeflote
      The Mexeflote is a landing raft used by the British Royal Logistic Corps to move goods and vehicles between ship and shore. It was first used by British military in the 1960s, and remains in use at present...

       detachments.
    • 5 x Landing ship logistics detachments.
  • 3 x Surgical support teams
  • Postal courier communications unit detachment of 1 PC regiment
  • Detachment 47 Air despatch squadron RCT.
  • 59 Independent Commando Squadron
    24 Commando Regiment Royal Engineers
    24 Commando Engineer Regiment is a unit of the British Army's Royal Engineers which supports 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines. It was formed in April 2008...

    , Royal Engineers
    Royal Engineers
    The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers , and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army....

     (Major Roddy MacDonald). (†3)
  • Detachment 49 EOD squadron 33 engineer regiment (†1)
    • 2 man bomb disposal team
  • Y Troop detachment communications.
  • Commando forces Band (stretcher-bearers)

5 Infantry Brigade 

Commander:Brigadier Anthony Wilson
  • 2nd Bn, Scots Guards
    Scots Guards (1946)
    The Scots Guards are a regiment of the British Army. The regiment cherishes its traditions, especially on the parade ground where the scarlet uniform and bearskin have become synonymous with the regiment and the other Guards regiments...

     (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     Michael Scott) — Mount Tumbledown
    Battle of Mount Tumbledown
    The Battle of Mount Tumbledown was an engagement in the Falklands War, one of a series of battles that took place during the British advance towards Stanley.-Overview:...

    . (†8)
  • 1st Bn, Welsh Guards
    Welsh Guards
    The Welsh Guards is an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division.-Creation :The Welsh Guards came into existence on 26 February 1915 by Royal Warrant of His Majesty King George V in order to include Wales in the national component to the Foot Guards, "..though the order...

     (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     John Rickett) — Sapper Hill
    Sapper Hill
    Sapper Hill is on East Falkland, Falkland Islands, . It is just to the south of Stanley, and is heavily mined from the Falklands War. It is named after a company of sappers who were based at Moody Brook barracks.-Falklands War:...

    . (†33)
  • 1st Bn, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles (Lt Col
    Lieutenant-Colonel (UK)
    Lieutenant colonel is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major, and subordinate to colonel...

     David Morgan) — Mount William
    Mount William
    Mount William is a prominent snow-covered mountain, 1,600 m, standing 4 miles north-northeast of Cape Lancaster, the south extremity of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered on February 21, 1832, by John Biscoe who believed it to be part of the mainland of Antarctic...

    . (†1)
  • 97 Battery Royal Artillery
    • 6 x 105 mm L118 Light Guns
      L118 Light Gun
      The L118 Light Gun is a 105 mm towed howitzer, originally produced for the British Army in the 1970s and widely exported since, including to the United States, where a modified version is known as the M119A1...

  • HQ 4 Field Regiment, RA
  • 36 Engineer Regiment Lt Col Geoff Field RE (CRE)
  • 9 Parachute Squadron RE Maj Davis RE
  • 11 Field Squadron RE Maj Hawkins RE
  • 61 Plant Squadron RE
  • 1 x Field Troop, 20 Field Squadron RE (att 9 Para Sqn RE)
  • 656 Squadron Army Air Corps (†2
    1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident
    On 6 June 1982, during the Falklands War, the British Royal Navy Type 42 destroyer engaged and destroyed a British Army Gazelle helicopter, serial number XX377, in a friendly fire incident, killing all four occupants...

    )
    • 6 x Gazelle
    • 6 x Scout
  • 10 Field Workshop REME (†3)
  • 16 Field Ambulance (†3)
  • 81 Ordnance Company
  • Forward Air Control Party
    • 2 x FAC
  • Army Catering Corps (†4)
  • 407 troop Royal Corps of Transport, 2nd lt Ash RCT
  • 63 Squadron RAF Regiment
    Queen's Colour Squadron
    The Queen's Colour Squadron is the unit of the Royal Air Force charged with the safe-keeping of the Queen's Colour for the Royal Air Force in the United Kingdom. Since its formation, it has been manned exclusively by officers and men of the RAF Regiment...

    • Rapier Missile FS.B2
      Rapier missile
      Rapier is a British surface-to-air missile developed for the British Army and Royal Air Force. Entering service in 1971, it eventually replaced all other anti-aircraft weapons in Army service; guns for low-altitude targets, and the English Electric Thunderbird, used against longer-range and...

       Launcher

Infantry weapons

  • L9A1 Browning
  • L1A1 SLR (main infantry weapon)
  • L42A1 (Sniper rifle)
  • L2-A2 (Hand grenade)
  • M79
    M79 grenade launcher
    The M79 grenade launcher is a single-shot, shoulder-fired, break-action grenade launcher that fires a 40x46mm grenade which used what the US Army called the High-Low Propulsion System to keep recoil forces low, and first appeared during the Vietnam War...

     (infantry grenade launcher)
  • L4 Bren
  • L7A2 GPMG
  • L14A1 Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
    Carl Gustav recoilless rifle
    The Carl Gustav is the common name for the 84 mm man-portable reusable multi-role recoilless rifle produced by Saab Bofors Dynamics in Sweden...

  • Rocket 66mm HEAT L1A1
  • MILAN
    MILAN
    MILAN " is French and German for "kite bird") is a European anti-tank guided missile. Design of the MILAN started in 1962. It was ready for trials in 1971, and was accepted for service in 1972. It is a wire guided SACLOS missile, which means the sight of the launch unit has to be aimed at the...

     ATGM (used against Argentine bunkers)
  • L9A1 51 mm Mortar
    L9A1 51 mm Light Mortar
    The L9A1 51 mm Light Mortar is a man-portable mortar system used by the British Army. Smoke, illuminating and high explosive bombs are available. A short range insert device allows the weapon to be used in a direct fire mode...

  • L16A1 81 mm Mortar
    L16 81mm Mortar
    The United Kingdom's L16 81 mm mortar is the standard mortar used by the British armed forces. It originated as a joint design by UK and Canada. The version produced and used by Australia is named the F2 81mm Mortar, whilst the version used by the U.S...

  • Blowpipe
    Blowpipe missile
    The Shorts Blowpipe is a man-portable surface-to-air missile which was in use with the British Army and Royal Marines from 1975. It was superseded by an interim design, Javelin, and later the greatly improved Starstreak missile.-Description:...

     MANPADS
    Man-portable air-defence system
    Man-portable air-defense systems are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles . They are typically guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters.-Overview:...

     (infantry use)
  • FIM-92 Stinger
    FIM-92 Stinger
    The FIM-92 Stinger is a personal portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile , which can be adapted to fire from ground vehicles and helicopters , developed in the United States and entered into service in 1981. Used by the militaries of the U.S...

     MANPADS
    Man-portable air-defence system
    Man-portable air-defense systems are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles . They are typically guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters.-Overview:...

     (special forces use)
  • M16A1
    M16 rifle
    The M16 is the United States military designation for the AR-15 rifle adapted for both semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. Colt purchased the rights to the AR-15 from ArmaLite, and currently uses that designation only for semi-automatic versions of the rifle. The M16 fires the 5.56×45mm NATO...

     & M203
    M203 grenade launcher
    The M203 is a single shot 40 mm grenade launcher designed to attach to a rifle. It uses the same rounds as the older M79 break-action grenade launcher, which utilize the High-Low Propulsion System to keep recoil forces low. Though versatile, and compatible with many rifle models, the M203 was...

     (special forces weapon)
  • L2A3 Sterling
    Sterling submachine gun
    The Sterling submachine gun is a British submachine gun which was in service with the British Army from 1944 until 1994, when it was phased out with the introduction of the L85A1 assault rifle.-History:...

    (support services weapon i.e. for tank crewmen, engineers and artillerymen)

External links

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