British Rail Class 465
Encyclopedia
The British Rail
Class 465 Networker electric multiple unit
s were built by GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell) and BREL
between 1991 and 1993, and by ABB Rail
between 1993 and 1994. They were brought into service from 1991 onwards. They are mostly used on suburban routes serving the South East of England, now operated by Southeastern
. These trains have also been occasionally spotted elsewhere throughout Kent including the Kent Coast Line which is normally operated by Class 375 Electrostar
trains.
Network SouthEast
began the planning for the development of the Class 465 Networker in 1988, and invited a tender for 710 of the units to be built. Both manufacturers' units look exceptionally similar in design; the major noticeable differences for passengers are the lack of aircraft-style overhead air vents on those produced by GEC Alsthom, and the BREL
and ABB units (465/0 and 465/1) also feature slightly different dot matrix displays on the front and rear of the train to show the route number and destination to the GEC Alsthom units. There are other visible but minor differences in door switches and audible chimes, window shapes and exterior panelling amongst the fleet. In addition, the two units employ different traction motors, which sound different. Despite the differences though, the units can be used interchangeably. Particularly during peak times when longer trains are used, it is quite common to see a train comprising two four car units, one from each batch. Both classes are based on the same body shell as the AC Class 365
, and are also similar in design to the diesel Class 165
. When first introduced, all seating was standard class only.
Although the units are interoperable, the spare parts for the different units are different.
The maximum speed of a Class 465 Networker is 75 mph (33.5 m/s) and they are designed only for 750 V DC third rail
operation. A Solid State
Traction Converter package controls 3-phase AC Traction motors, which allows for Rheostatic or Regenerative Dynamic braking
. Primary braking system is Electro-pneumatically
actuated disc brakes, which is blended with the Dynamic brakes. Tachometers on every axle of the unit provide for Wheel Slip/Slide Protection
. A solid state Auxiliary Converter
provides 110 V DC and 240 V AC supplies; this is the source of the loud buzzing noise which can be heard when the train is stationary. On a BREL the Aux Converter is located on the TSO, whereas on the GEC Alsthom there is one each on the TSO and TSOL.
All trains were originally supplied in Network SouthEast
livery and branded "Kent Link Networker". Some units were re-liveried in the first Connex South Eastern
livery. Most 465/0, 465/1, 465/2, 465/9 and 466 trains are now in the white and charcoal livery of Southeastern
with yellow doors, but some are now getting a fresh livery of charcoal with blue doors.
During conversion for use on the outer suburban routes, a batch of 34 Class 465/2 units were given an internal re-fit, including First Class seating, new moquette on the seating, new flooring and revised furniture around the passenger doors. This eliminated the original narrow glass panes in the vestibules, which were a common target with vandals. These units are now classified 465/9. Since the introduction of the Class 395 Javelin
trains, some of the outer suburban routes are now operated by Class 375 Electrostar
trains.
was developed by Hitachi Rail who also developed the Class 395 Javelin
, brings new technological innovation to the fleet and the equipment is due to be retrofitted across Southeastern's 97 trains over the course of 2009 - 2010. Brush
, the suppliers / manufacturers of the original traction equipment have been working as consultants to assist in retro-fitting the new equipment into these trains. The first example to re-enter service sporting the new equipment is 465181, which rolled out in March 2009. According to Hitachi Rail, all remaining BREL units should all be converted by April 2010 at the Ashford Depot. The units with the new equipment are easily recognisable, because they sound radically different. Hitachi Completed this process In March 2010.
In 2005, 35 465/2 units (465201-465234) were given an extensive refurbishment. This included new interior panelling, new flooring, new lighting, new seat moquette (in the same grey and blue design as on the Class 375 Electrostars), and the addition of a new first class seating area at the front and rear of the units, amongst other changes. This was done with the intention that they would be cascaded to the outer-suburban routes alongside the Class 375's. They were reclassified as a separate sub-fleet designated 465/9 (465901-465934).
From 2010, the whole of the class 465/466 saw another refresh, with new seating covers and Advertisement posters.
The Class 465/0s & /1s are being repainted at Railcare Wolverton into Southeastern's new livery which consists of Lilac Doors, Midnight blue equipment covers and a Midnight blue band where the Grey/Silver one used to be. In the first few months of this process the 465s were returned in a plain livery consisting of just lilac doors, but 465025 was the first unit to return with the Midnight blue band but the equipment covers remained white. It wasn't until 465151 was returned in early 2011 that we saw the complete livery which now seems to be standard. Since December 2010, The 465s have been returned to Slade Green Depot on a weekly basis and sent up to Wolverton on this basis as well. This process occurs every Saturday. This process is due to finish in early 2012 once all the 465/0/1s have been repainted.
The Class 465/2s/9s & 466s are being repainted At Wabtec Rail, Doncaster into a variation of Southeastern's new livery. It is identical to the livery the 465/0s & /1s are receiving except the vinyl lower band has not been applied. The first 465/9 to be refreshed was 465906 but it was returned in a 'Mistake' livery of just fully painted yellow doors. Since then all units have returned in the correct livery. It seems the 465/2/9s have been put on hold (since April 2011), to allow Wabtec Rail to concentrate on Repainting the 466s, The first 466s to be sent up were 466022 & 466039. Since March 2010 Wabtec Rail had been returning the 465s/466s on a monthly basis. Since beginning work on the 466s Wabtec now return the units every 2-3 weeks. The last unit is expected to leave the works in Early 2014 But if they continue at the current rate, 2013 looks most likely.
British Rail
British Railways , which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the "Big Four" British railway companies and lasted until the gradual privatisation of British Rail, in stages...
Class 465 Networker electric multiple unit
Electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages...
s were built by GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell) and BREL
BREL
British Rail Engineering Limited , was the railway systems engineering division of British Rail, until the design and building of trains in the UK was privatised in 1993. On 31 October 1969, the company was incorporated as British Rail Engineering Limited.-Main products:The vast majority of BREL's...
between 1991 and 1993, and by ABB Rail
Asea Brown Boveri
ABB is a Swiss-Swedish multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland, and best known for its robotics. ABB operates mainly in the power and automation technology areas. It ranked 143rd in Forbes Ranking ....
between 1993 and 1994. They were brought into service from 1991 onwards. They are mostly used on suburban routes serving the South East of England, now operated by Southeastern
Southeastern (train operating company)
London & South Eastern Railway Limited, trading as Southeastern is a train operating company in south-east England. On 1 April 2006 it became the franchisee for the new Integrated Kent Franchise , replacing the publicly owned South Eastern Trains on the former South East Franchise...
. These trains have also been occasionally spotted elsewhere throughout Kent including the Kent Coast Line which is normally operated by Class 375 Electrostar
British Rail Class 375
The British Rail Class 375 Electrostar electric multiple unit train was built by Bombardier Transportation at their Derby Works, from 1999 to 2005...
trains.
History of the class
Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast was one of three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE principally operated commuter trains in the London area and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network reached as far west as Exeter...
began the planning for the development of the Class 465 Networker in 1988, and invited a tender for 710 of the units to be built. Both manufacturers' units look exceptionally similar in design; the major noticeable differences for passengers are the lack of aircraft-style overhead air vents on those produced by GEC Alsthom, and the BREL
BREL
British Rail Engineering Limited , was the railway systems engineering division of British Rail, until the design and building of trains in the UK was privatised in 1993. On 31 October 1969, the company was incorporated as British Rail Engineering Limited.-Main products:The vast majority of BREL's...
and ABB units (465/0 and 465/1) also feature slightly different dot matrix displays on the front and rear of the train to show the route number and destination to the GEC Alsthom units. There are other visible but minor differences in door switches and audible chimes, window shapes and exterior panelling amongst the fleet. In addition, the two units employ different traction motors, which sound different. Despite the differences though, the units can be used interchangeably. Particularly during peak times when longer trains are used, it is quite common to see a train comprising two four car units, one from each batch. Both classes are based on the same body shell as the AC Class 365
British Rail Class 365
The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage 25 kV AC and 750 V DC) electric multiple units built by ABB at York from 1994 to 1995. These were the last units to be built at the York factory before it closed...
, and are also similar in design to the diesel Class 165
British Rail Class 165
The British Rail Class 165 Turbo is a fleet of suburban diesel multiple units , originally specified by and built for British Rail, the then United Kingdom state owned railway operator. They were built by BREL at York Works between 1990 and 1992...
. When first introduced, all seating was standard class only.
Although the units are interoperable, the spare parts for the different units are different.
The maximum speed of a Class 465 Networker is 75 mph (33.5 m/s) and they are designed only for 750 V DC third rail
Third rail
A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost...
operation. A Solid State
Solid state (electronics)
Solid-state electronics are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electrons, or other charge carriers, are confined entirely within the solid material...
Traction Converter package controls 3-phase AC Traction motors, which allows for Rheostatic or Regenerative Dynamic braking
Dynamic braking
Dynamic braking is the use of the electric traction motors of a railroad vehicle as generators when slowing the Locomotive. It is termed rheostatic if the generated electrical power is dissipated as heat in brake grid resistors, and regenerative if the power is returned to the supply line...
. Primary braking system is Electro-pneumatically
Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains
The Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains was introduced in 1950. The Southern Region of British Railways operated an intensive self-contained fleet of electric multiple units for suburban and middle distance passenger trains...
actuated disc brakes, which is blended with the Dynamic brakes. Tachometers on every axle of the unit provide for Wheel Slip/Slide Protection
Wheel slide protection
Wheel slide protection and wheel slip protection are railway terms used to describe automatic systems used to detect and prevent wheel-slide during braking or wheel-spin during acceleration. Analogous to ABS and traction control systems used on motor vehicles....
. A solid state Auxiliary Converter
Voltage converter
A voltage converter changes the voltage of an electrical power source. It may be combined with other components to create a power supply.-AC and DC:...
provides 110 V DC and 240 V AC supplies; this is the source of the loud buzzing noise which can be heard when the train is stationary. On a BREL the Aux Converter is located on the TSO, whereas on the GEC Alsthom there is one each on the TSO and TSOL.
All trains were originally supplied in Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast was one of three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE principally operated commuter trains in the London area and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network reached as far west as Exeter...
livery and branded "Kent Link Networker". Some units were re-liveried in the first Connex South Eastern
Connex South Eastern
Connex South Eastern was a train operating company in the United Kingdom. It was owned by the Connex Group and operated between 14 October 1996 and 9 November 2003. The company operated passenger services in South London and Kent...
livery. Most 465/0, 465/1, 465/2, 465/9 and 466 trains are now in the white and charcoal livery of Southeastern
Southeastern (train operating company)
London & South Eastern Railway Limited, trading as Southeastern is a train operating company in south-east England. On 1 April 2006 it became the franchisee for the new Integrated Kent Franchise , replacing the publicly owned South Eastern Trains on the former South East Franchise...
with yellow doors, but some are now getting a fresh livery of charcoal with blue doors.
During conversion for use on the outer suburban routes, a batch of 34 Class 465/2 units were given an internal re-fit, including First Class seating, new moquette on the seating, new flooring and revised furniture around the passenger doors. This eliminated the original narrow glass panes in the vestibules, which were a common target with vandals. These units are now classified 465/9. Since the introduction of the Class 395 Javelin
British Rail Class 395
British Rail Class 395 is a dual-voltage electric multiple unit used by train operating company Southeastern for its services along High Speed 1 and onwards to the Kent coast. The trains were built in Japan by Hitachi and shipped to the United Kingdom to operate new high speed domestic services...
trains, some of the outer suburban routes are now operated by Class 375 Electrostar
British Rail Class 375
The British Rail Class 375 Electrostar electric multiple unit train was built by Bombardier Transportation at their Derby Works, from 1999 to 2005...
trains.
465/0/1 Traction equipment replacement
In 2007, plans were drawn up to improve overall reliability of the BREL built units (465/0 and 465/1) by the installation of new traction equipment. The new package, commissioned by Southeastern and HSBC RailHSBC Rail
Eversholt Rail Group is one of the three major ROSCOs in the United Kingdom...
was developed by Hitachi Rail who also developed the Class 395 Javelin
British Rail Class 395
British Rail Class 395 is a dual-voltage electric multiple unit used by train operating company Southeastern for its services along High Speed 1 and onwards to the Kent coast. The trains were built in Japan by Hitachi and shipped to the United Kingdom to operate new high speed domestic services...
, brings new technological innovation to the fleet and the equipment is due to be retrofitted across Southeastern's 97 trains over the course of 2009 - 2010. Brush
Brush Traction
This article is about a British rail-locomotive maker. For the Detroit auto-maker, see Brush Motor Car CompanyBrush Traction is a manufacturer and maintainer of railway locomotives, part of the FKI group , based at Loughborough in Leicestershire, England situated alongside the Midland Main Line.-...
, the suppliers / manufacturers of the original traction equipment have been working as consultants to assist in retro-fitting the new equipment into these trains. The first example to re-enter service sporting the new equipment is 465181, which rolled out in March 2009. According to Hitachi Rail, all remaining BREL units should all be converted by April 2010 at the Ashford Depot. The units with the new equipment are easily recognisable, because they sound radically different. Hitachi Completed this process In March 2010.
Refurbishment
Into the early 2000's, nearly ten years of petty vandalism combined with the poor maintenance programme in place by Connex, the company operating them at the time, left the interiors of the units looking very tired and scruffy. Shortly after Connex' contract was terminated, the trains were given a thorough clean-up including the replacement of all of the windows which had been etched by vandals. As a preventative measure, at the same time they were coated in an anti-scratch film which if scratched could be replaced far more easily and cheaply than replacing the glass itself. This proved highly effective and is subsequently in use on trains throughout London, as well as on buses. Other changes included new lighting which made the interiors brighter and less hostile than before.In 2005, 35 465/2 units (465201-465234) were given an extensive refurbishment. This included new interior panelling, new flooring, new lighting, new seat moquette (in the same grey and blue design as on the Class 375 Electrostars), and the addition of a new first class seating area at the front and rear of the units, amongst other changes. This was done with the intention that they would be cascaded to the outer-suburban routes alongside the Class 375's. They were reclassified as a separate sub-fleet designated 465/9 (465901-465934).
From 2010, the whole of the class 465/466 saw another refresh, with new seating covers and Advertisement posters.
The Class 465/0s & /1s are being repainted at Railcare Wolverton into Southeastern's new livery which consists of Lilac Doors, Midnight blue equipment covers and a Midnight blue band where the Grey/Silver one used to be. In the first few months of this process the 465s were returned in a plain livery consisting of just lilac doors, but 465025 was the first unit to return with the Midnight blue band but the equipment covers remained white. It wasn't until 465151 was returned in early 2011 that we saw the complete livery which now seems to be standard. Since December 2010, The 465s have been returned to Slade Green Depot on a weekly basis and sent up to Wolverton on this basis as well. This process occurs every Saturday. This process is due to finish in early 2012 once all the 465/0/1s have been repainted.
The Class 465/2s/9s & 466s are being repainted At Wabtec Rail, Doncaster into a variation of Southeastern's new livery. It is identical to the livery the 465/0s & /1s are receiving except the vinyl lower band has not been applied. The first 465/9 to be refreshed was 465906 but it was returned in a 'Mistake' livery of just fully painted yellow doors. Since then all units have returned in the correct livery. It seems the 465/2/9s have been put on hold (since April 2011), to allow Wabtec Rail to concentrate on Repainting the 466s, The first 466s to be sent up were 466022 & 466039. Since March 2010 Wabtec Rail had been returning the 465s/466s on a monthly basis. Since beginning work on the 466s Wabtec now return the units every 2-3 weeks. The last unit is expected to leave the works in Early 2014 But if they continue at the current rate, 2013 looks most likely.
Fleet details
Production and numbering
| Class | Introduced | Manufacturer | Number Range | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 465/0 | 1991-93 | BREL | 465001-050 | - Repainted units:465001-002/004-005/007-013/015-020/022-028/030-034/036-042/044/047-050. |
| Class 465/1 | 1993-94 | ABB | 465151-197 | - Repainted units: 465151-156/158/163/167/170-172/177-178/180/182-183/185/187-188/190-191/193-194. |
| Class 465/2 | 1991-93 | GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell) | 465235-250 | - Repainted units: 465235/237/240-241/243 |
| Class 465/3 | 1992 | ABB | 465301 | Demonstrator for Universal Networker (Class 365 British Rail Class 365 The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage 25 kV AC and 750 V DC) electric multiple units built by ABB at York from 1994 to 1995. These were the last units to be built at the York factory before it closed... ) |
| Class 465/9 | 1991-93 | GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell) | 465901-934 | Converted from 465/2 units. (465201 - 465234) - Repainted units: 465905-907/910/913/916/921/923-924/933. |
Detailed specifications
| Specification | Sub-class / related class | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 465/0 | 465/1 | 465/2 | 465/9 | 466 British Rail Class 466 The Class 466 750 V DC third rail electric multiple unit is a suburban EMU, which operates with Class 465 EMUs in southeast London and Kent on the Southeastern network... |
|
| Currently owned by: | HSBC Rail HSBC Rail Eversholt Rail Group is one of the three major ROSCOs in the United Kingdom... |
HSBC Rail HSBC Rail Eversholt Rail Group is one of the three major ROSCOs in the United Kingdom... |
Angel Trains Angel Trains Angel Trains is an English Rolling Stock Operating Company created in 1994 as part of the privatisation of British Rail. It was one of three ROSCOs... |
Angel Trains Angel Trains Angel Trains is an English Rolling Stock Operating Company created in 1994 as part of the privatisation of British Rail. It was one of three ROSCOs... |
Angel Trains Angel Trains Angel Trains is an English Rolling Stock Operating Company created in 1994 as part of the privatisation of British Rail. It was one of three ROSCOs... |
| Operated by: | Southeastern Southeastern (train operating company) London & South Eastern Railway Limited, trading as Southeastern is a train operating company in south-east England. On 1 April 2006 it became the franchisee for the new Integrated Kent Franchise , replacing the publicly owned South Eastern Trains on the former South East Franchise... (previously Network SouthEast Network SouthEast Network SouthEast was one of three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE principally operated commuter trains in the London area and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network reached as far west as Exeter... , Connex South Eastern Connex South Eastern Connex South Eastern was a train operating company in the United Kingdom. It was owned by the Connex Group and operated between 14 October 1996 and 9 November 2003. The company operated passenger services in South London and Kent... and South Eastern Trains South Eastern Trains South Eastern Trains was a British train operating company, in public ownership, that provided train services in south east London and South East England from 9 November 2003 to 31 March 2006.... ) |
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| Routes used on: | Metro & Outer Suburban | Metro & Outer Suburban | Metro & Outer Suburban | Outer Suburban | Metro, Outer Suburban & Branch Lines |
| Built: | 1991-1993 by BREL BREL British Rail Engineering Limited , was the railway systems engineering division of British Rail, until the design and building of trains in the UK was privatised in 1993. On 31 October 1969, the company was incorporated as British Rail Engineering Limited.-Main products:The vast majority of BREL's... , York |
1993-1994 by ABB, York | 1991-1993 by GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell), Washwood Heath | 1991-1993 by GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell), Washwood Heath Refurbished 2005 by Wabtec Wabtec Wabtec Corporation is an American company formed by the merger of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company and MotivePower Industries Corporation in 1999.... , Doncaster |
1993-1994 by GEC Alsthom (Metro-Cammell), Washwood Heath |
| Formation: | DMSO(A)-TSO-TSOL-DMSO(B) | DMCO(A)-TSO-TSOL-DMCO(B) | DMSO-DTSOL | ||
| Construction: | Welded aluminium alloy | ||||
| Doors: | Air powered sliding plug | ||||
| Gangways: | Within 4-coach unit only | Within 2-coach unit only | |||
| Electrical Equipment: | Solid state Traction Converter using GTO inverters. Solid state Auxiliary Converter. Wheel Slip/Slide protection | ||||
| Traction motors: | Four Brush Brush Traction This article is about a British rail-locomotive maker. For the Detroit auto-maker, see Brush Motor Car CompanyBrush Traction is a manufacturer and maintainer of railway locomotives, part of the FKI group , based at Loughborough in Leicestershire, England situated alongside the Midland Main Line.-... TIM970 three-phase induction motors of 280 kW |
GEC-Alsthom G352AY three-phase induction motors of 280 kW | |||
| Couplers: | Tightlock (with underslung electrical/air connector box) | ||||
| Suspension: | Primary: spring Leaf spring Originally called laminated or carriage spring, a leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles... Secondary: airbag |
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| Bogies: | BREL BREL British Rail Engineering Limited , was the railway systems engineering division of British Rail, until the design and building of trains in the UK was privatised in 1993. On 31 October 1969, the company was incorporated as British Rail Engineering Limited.-Main products:The vast majority of BREL's... P3/T3 |
SRP BP62/BT52 | BREL P3/T3 | ||
| Maximum speed: | 75 mph (120.7 km/h) | ||||
| Dimensions Dimensions Dimensions is a French project that makes educational movies about mathematics, focusing on spatial geometry. It uses POV-Ray to render some of the animations, and the films are release under a Creative Commons licence.... : |
20.89 or 20.16 x 2.82 m | ||||
| Train brakes Brake (railway) Brakes are used on the cars of railway trains to enable deceleration, control acceleration or to keep them standing when parked. While the basic principle is familiar from road vehicle usage, operational features are more complex because of the need to control multiple linked carriages and to be... : |
Primary: Disc Disc brake The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel while it is in motion.A brake disc is usually made of cast iron, but may in some cases be made of composites such as reinforced carbon–carbon or ceramic matrix composites. This is connected to the wheel and/or... Secondary: Rheostatic (and Regenerative Regenerative brake A regenerative brake is an energy recovery mechanism which slows a vehicle or object down by converting its kinetic energy into another form, which can be either used immediately or stored until needed... capable but currently disabled) |
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| Mass Mass Mass can be defined as a quantitive measure of the resistance an object has to change in its velocity.In physics, mass commonly refers to any of the following three properties of matter, which have been shown experimentally to be equivalent:... : |
28.6 tonne | ||||
| Multiple working Multiple working Multiple working is a term used on the UK rail network to describe the practice of having more than one diesel or electric locomotive hauling a train under the control of one driver.-Terminology:... : |
Within Class 365 British Rail Class 365 The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage 25 kV AC and 750 V DC) electric multiple units built by ABB at York from 1994 to 1995. These were the last units to be built at the York factory before it closed... , Class 465 and Class 466 British Rail Class 466 The Class 466 750 V DC third rail electric multiple unit is a suburban EMU, which operates with Class 465 EMUs in southeast London and Kent on the Southeastern network... . Additionally Class 319 British Rail Class 319 The British Rail Class 319 dual-voltage electric multiple units were built by BREL York in two batches in 1987–88 and 1990. The trains were introduced for new north-south cross-London services from Bedford to Brighton, and since privatisation these services have been operated by Thameslink and... via Coupling Changeover Switch for Assistance/Rescue in the Thameslink Corridor only |
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