Bernard of Botone
Encyclopedia
Bernard of Botone was a noted Italian canonist of the thirteenth century. He is generally called Bern(h)ardus Parmensis or Bernard of Parma, from his birthplace Parma
.
He studied in Bologna
, under Tancred
, where later he accepted the chair of canon law. Here Durantis was his disciple. According to the inscription o his tombstone he was Chancellor of the University of Bologna
. Bernard obtained a canonry in the Cathedral of Bologna, and was also named chaplain to Pope Innocent IV
and Pope Alexander IV
, by whom he was employed in solving questions of weight.
and other collections, he completed, just before his death, a work on the Gregorian Decretals. This, owing to his exact knowledge of former collections and thorough grasp of his subject, won for him the admiration of his contemporaries; so that he was styled "Glossator", and his work, commonly known as Glossa Ordinaria, became the fruitful source of later glosses, which were printed with Gregory's collection.
Bernard was careful to note what he had taken from others, while his own comments were signed "Bern."
Another work, entitled "Summa super Titulis Decretalium", was based on similar writings of his master, Tancred, of Bernard of Pavia and others. It is a clear, concise treatise, found in the works of Nicolaus de Tudeschis (Milan, five volumes in folio).
in 1472, 1473, and in Rome in 1474. In this Roman edition there are additions, especially from the Novella Commentaria of Giovanni Andrea (d. 1348).
Bernard's "Casus Longi" on separate chapters of the same Gregorian Decretals was frequently edited: Paris, 1475; Venice, 1477; Bologna, 1487; Strasburg, 1488, 1493; Lyons, 1500.
Parma
Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world....
.
He studied in Bologna
Bologna
Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
, under Tancred
Tancred of Bologna
Tancred of Bologna or of Germany , commonly just Tancredus, was a Dominican preacher and canonist. He is easily conflated with a contemporary Dominican, Tancred Tancredi, and the two are sometimes indistinguishable in the sources and have been treated as one person, though this is known to be...
, where later he accepted the chair of canon law. Here Durantis was his disciple. According to the inscription o his tombstone he was Chancellor of the University of Bologna
University of Bologna
The Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna is the oldest continually operating university in the world, the word 'universitas' being first used by this institution at its foundation. The true date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088...
. Bernard obtained a canonry in the Cathedral of Bologna, and was also named chaplain to Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV , born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.-Early life:...
and Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX...
, by whom he was employed in solving questions of weight.
Works
Bernard found ample scope for his literary activity in his chosen branch, canon law. From glosses, summaries, and similar works, which had appeared on the Decretals of Gregory IXDecretals of Gregory IX
The decretals of Gregory IX are an important source of medieval canon law. In 1230, the pontiff ordered his chaplain and confessor, St. Raymond of Peñaforte , a Dominican, to form a new canonical collection destined to replace all former collections...
and other collections, he completed, just before his death, a work on the Gregorian Decretals. This, owing to his exact knowledge of former collections and thorough grasp of his subject, won for him the admiration of his contemporaries; so that he was styled "Glossator", and his work, commonly known as Glossa Ordinaria, became the fruitful source of later glosses, which were printed with Gregory's collection.
Bernard was careful to note what he had taken from others, while his own comments were signed "Bern."
Another work, entitled "Summa super Titulis Decretalium", was based on similar writings of his master, Tancred, of Bernard of Pavia and others. It is a clear, concise treatise, found in the works of Nicolaus de Tudeschis (Milan, five volumes in folio).
Editions
The Glossa Ordinaria was given to the press in MainzMainz
Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
in 1472, 1473, and in Rome in 1474. In this Roman edition there are additions, especially from the Novella Commentaria of Giovanni Andrea (d. 1348).
Bernard's "Casus Longi" on separate chapters of the same Gregorian Decretals was frequently edited: Paris, 1475; Venice, 1477; Bologna, 1487; Strasburg, 1488, 1493; Lyons, 1500.