Bernard Hollander was a London

London

London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 psychiatrist

Psychiatrist

A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. All psychiatrists are trained in diagnostic evaluation and in psychotherapy...

 and one of the main proponents of the new interest in phrenology

Phrenology

Phrenology is a pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules...

 in the early 20th century.

Life and work

Hollander was born in Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...

, and settled in London in 1883, where he attended King's College

King's College London

King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, and...

. After graduation he was appointed to the post of physician at the British Hospital for Mental Disorders

Mental illness

A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which is not a part of normal development or culture. Such a disorder may consist of a combination of affective, behavioural,...

 and Brain Diseases

Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. It is located in the head, usually close to primary sensory apparatus such as vision, hearing,...

. Dr. Hollander was naturalized a British citizen

British nationality law

British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom that concerns citizenship and other categories of British nationality. The law is complex because of the United Kingdom's former status as an imperial power.-History:...

 in 1894.

Hollander first received critical acclaim for his Positive Philosophy of the Mind (L.N. Fowler, 1891). His main works, The Mental Function of the Brain (1901) and Scientific Phrenology (1902) are an appraisal of the teachings of Franz Joseph Gall

Franz Joseph Gall

Franz Joseph Gall was a neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain.- Life :...

. Hollander also introduced a quantitative approach to the phrenological diagnosis, defining a methodology for measuring the skull and comparing the measurements with statistical averages.

Hollander founded the Ethological Society, and was the first editor of the Ethological Journal.

Further reading

Works by Hollander:

• The revival of phrenology (London and New York, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1901).
• Scientific Phrenology (London, Grant Richards, 1902)
• The mental symptoms of brain disease (London, Rebman, 1910).
• Nervous disorders of men; the modern psychological conception of their causes, effects, and rational treatment (London, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. [etc.], 1916).
• Abnormal children : nervous, mischievous, precocious, and backward (London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1916)
• In search of the soul: and the mechanism of thought, emotion, and conduct. Volume 1, Volume 2 (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1920).
• The psychology of misconduct, vice, and crime (London : G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., 1922).

About Hollander:

• Culbertson, J.C. (ed.) (1890) "The Old and New Phrenologies" The Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic vol. 63 (New Series, vol. 24) pp. 176-177, reprinted from the British Medical Journal.