Bender's method
Encyclopedia
In group theory
, Bender's method is a method introduced by for simplifying the local group theoretic analysis of the odd order theorem. Shortly afterwards he used it to simplify Walter's analysis of groups with abelian Sylow 2-subgroups , and Gorenstein and Walter's classification of groups with dihedral Sylow 2-subgroups. Bender's method involves studying a maximal subgroup
M containing the centralizer of an involution, and its generalized Fitting subgroup F*(M).
One succinct version of Bender's method is the result that if M, N are two distinct maximal subgroups of a simple group with F*(M) ≤ N and F*(N) ≤ M, then there is a prime p such that both F*(M) and F*(N) are p-groups
. This situation occurs whenever M and N are distinct maximal parabolic subgroups of a simple group of Lie type, and in this case p is the characteristic, but this has only been used to help identify groups of low Lie rank. These ideas are described in textbook form in ,
, , and .
Group theory
In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and...
, Bender's method is a method introduced by for simplifying the local group theoretic analysis of the odd order theorem. Shortly afterwards he used it to simplify Walter's analysis of groups with abelian Sylow 2-subgroups , and Gorenstein and Walter's classification of groups with dihedral Sylow 2-subgroups. Bender's method involves studying a maximal subgroup
Maximal subgroup
In mathematics, the term maximal subgroup is used to mean slightly different things in different areas of algebra.In group theory, a maximal subgroup H of a group G is a proper subgroup, such that no proper subgroup K contains H strictly. In other words H is a maximal element of the partially...
M containing the centralizer of an involution, and its generalized Fitting subgroup F*(M).
One succinct version of Bender's method is the result that if M, N are two distinct maximal subgroups of a simple group with F*(M) ≤ N and F*(N) ≤ M, then there is a prime p such that both F*(M) and F*(N) are p-groups
P-group
In mathematics, given a prime number p, a p-group is a periodic group in which each element has a power of p as its order: each element is of prime power order. That is, for each element g of the group, there exists a nonnegative integer n such that g to the power pn is equal to the identity element...
. This situation occurs whenever M and N are distinct maximal parabolic subgroups of a simple group of Lie type, and in this case p is the characteristic, but this has only been used to help identify groups of low Lie rank. These ideas are described in textbook form in ,
, , and .