Battle of Bassorah
Encyclopedia
The Battle of Bassorah (also known as the Battle of the Camel or Battle of Jamal) was a battle that took place at Basra
, Iraq
in 656 between forces allied to Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad
's cousin and son-in-law, Commander of the Faithful) and forces allied to Aisha
(widow of Muhammad, and Mother of the Believers (Arabic: Umm-al-Mu'min
een)), who wanted justice on the perpetrators of the assassination of the previous caliph, Uthman.
's reign was short, and in 634 AD he was succeeded by Umar
as caliph
. Assassination ended Umar's reign of ten years, and he was succeeded by Uthman Ibn Affan in 644 AD. Both of these men had been among Muhammad's earliest followers, were linked to him by clanship and marriage, and had taken prominent parts in various military campaigns.
Dissatisfaction and resistance had openly risen since 650-651 (30 AH) throughout most of the empire. The dissatisfaction with his regime and the governments he appointed was not restricted to the provinces outside Arabia. When Uthman's kin, especially Marwan
, gained control over him, Uthman lost control over his Caliphate, and many of the noble companions, including most of the members of the elector council
, withdrew their support.
The rebels of Egypt
began the siege
of Uthman Ibn Affan. The rebels refused to provide Uthman with food or water, and kept him imprisoned, hoping to force his abdication
.
Ali intervened only when informed that the rebels were preventing the delivery of water to the besieged caliph. He tried to mitigate the severity of the siege by insisting that Uthman should be allowed water. Ali went to the extent of even sending his own sons to protect Uthman's house when he was in danger of being attacked. Rebels protested against it and committed excess therein.
− During the siege of Uthman, Aisha
was asked to stay in Medina, but she left the city without paying attention. Aisha believed Uthman had become an apostate due to neglecting the Islamic traditions during his caliphate, and she encouraged people to kill him. in 655 AD, Uthman was murdered provoking the First Fitna
.
It is said that the disciples of the prophet asked Ali to take the government, but he didn’t accept. They were not satisfied and insisted more until he had to accept. When Othman was killed, they went to Ali who was in his own estate and said:
They said: “No, we do swear by God! We won’t let you until we promise you loyalty!”
His cousin Abdullah Abbas said:
Abu-Boshre Abedi reports:
When Othman was killed, people among them Talhah and Zobeir came to Ali and insisted: ‘Abul-Hassan! Come and let yourself to be our leader!’
Ali said: ‘I don’t need to be your leader! Any one you find, I am in your side and I we’ll accept him. Find another one for God's sake.’
‘No one but you!’ people said.
They came many times to him and at the last time they said: ‘People can’t manage without a leader. This has become too long!’
Ali said: ‘Many times you have come to me and gone; now you have returned again! I will say a word that if you accept, I will take the position; otherwise I don’t need it!’
They said: ‘Anything you say!’
Ali went to the mosque on the pulpit and spoke:
“Yes!” they said.
He said:
Many reports absolve Ali of complicity in the murder. German historian Wilferd Madelung
is of the opinion that there is no evidence to suggest that Ali had a close relationship with the rebels who supported his caliphate or directed their actions.
On the other hand, Ali himself said in numerous cases that he had done everything he could to defend him but that he didn't agree with Uthman's policies. Some other sources say that Ali had acted as a restraining influence on Uthman without directly opposing him. However, Madelung narrates that Marwan
told Zayn al-Abidin, the grandson of Ali: "No one [among the Islamic nobility] was more temperate toward our master than your master."
Then Ziayd recited a poem:
Unconsciously recited another poem:
Then Ziyad came out to the people waiting for his conclusion. They asked:
Ziyad only said:
And they understood what Ali was going to do.
Ali gave the war flag to his young son Muhammad. He made Abdullah Abbas as the commander of the right wing and made Amr Ben Abi-Salamah as the head of the left.
He wrote to his ruler in Egypt
Keis Ben Said to make an army to fight the Syrians. Same letters he sent to Abu-Musa Ashaari in Kufa
h and Othman Ben Honeif in Basrah. Then he went to the mosque and spoke:
People were gathering for the fight but suddenly news came from Mecca saying that the people are getting ready to rebel. Again Ali went to the mosque and spoke:
for Uthman. Aisha formed a rebel army including Talha and Zubair and went to the city of Basra to seek vengeance for Uthman's blood, which was the beginning of the second civil war in Islam. They raised an army of 3000 warriors, and decided to march on Basra.
On learning of the advance of the rebels, Ali set out to meet them. He had with him only 700 men. Too weak to proceed, he camped at a desert well in Nejd. He sent his elder son Hasan
, in company with former Kufa governor Ammar ibn Yasir
, to request assistance from Kufa; their appeal eventually had the desired effect. With several thousand men from Kufa reinforcing his army, Ali was now ready for battle, and descended upon Basra.
Led by Zubair and Talha, the rebels marched out to meet Ali's army. Not all Basra was with them. Beni Bekr, the tribe once led by the Muthanna, joined the army of Ali. Beni Temeem decided to remain neutral.
treasury during the Battle of Jamal.
The rebel army reached Basra
, and encamped close by. Upon entering the city of Basra, Aisha ordered 600 Muslims beheaded, including 40 in the grand mosque, who were considered to be on Ali's side.
claims that it was during this engagement that Muslims fought Muslims for the first time. Battle ensued and Aisha's forces were defeated. Aisha directed her forces from a howdah
on the back of a camel; this 656 AD battle is therefore called the Battle of the Camel.
The attitude of the leaders was in marked contrast with the bitter struggle of the ranks. Zubair, half-hearted since his interview with Ali, left the battlefield according to his promise, and was killed in an adjoining valley. A man named Amr ibn Jarmouz
had followed Zubair and murdered him while he performed Salat.
shot his own general, Talha, who became disabled in the leg by the shot, and carried into Basra
, where he died later of his wound. Marwan said,
Ali's forces overcame the rebels, and the defeated army was treated with generosity. Ali met Aisha, who was at that time aged 45, with the intent of reconciliation. He sent her back to Medina under military escort headed by her brother Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
, one of Ali's commanders. She subsequently retired to Medina with no more interference with the affairs of state.
, 10,000 people lost their life in this battle, with each party bearing equal loss. In the three days after the battle, Ali performed a funeral service for all the dead from both parties.
The combat had lasted 110 days in total.
Basra
Basra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
, Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
in 656 between forces allied to Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
's cousin and son-in-law, Commander of the Faithful) and forces allied to Aisha
Aisha
Aisha bint Abu Bakr also transcribed as was Muhammad's favorite wife...
(widow of Muhammad, and Mother of the Believers (Arabic: Umm-al-Mu'min
Mu'min
Mūʾmin is an Arabic Islamic term frequently referenced in the Qur'an, literally meaning "believer", and denoting a person that has complete submission to the Will of Allah, and has faith firmly established in his heart, i.e...
een)), who wanted justice on the perpetrators of the assassination of the previous caliph, Uthman.
The siege
Abu BakrAbu Bakr
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
's reign was short, and in 634 AD he was succeeded by Umar
Umar
`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c. 2 November , was a leading companion and adviser to the Islamic prophet Muhammad who later became the second Muslim Caliph after Muhammad's death....
as caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
. Assassination ended Umar's reign of ten years, and he was succeeded by Uthman Ibn Affan in 644 AD. Both of these men had been among Muhammad's earliest followers, were linked to him by clanship and marriage, and had taken prominent parts in various military campaigns.
Dissatisfaction and resistance had openly risen since 650-651 (30 AH) throughout most of the empire. The dissatisfaction with his regime and the governments he appointed was not restricted to the provinces outside Arabia. When Uthman's kin, especially Marwan
Marwan I
Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...
, gained control over him, Uthman lost control over his Caliphate, and many of the noble companions, including most of the members of the elector council
The election of Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph, was chosen by a council meeting in Medina, in northwestern Arabia, in .The second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, was stabbed by an angry Persian slave named Feroz...
, withdrew their support.
The rebels of Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
began the siege
Siege
A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit". Generally speaking, siege warfare is a form of constant, low intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static...
of Uthman Ibn Affan. The rebels refused to provide Uthman with food or water, and kept him imprisoned, hoping to force his abdication
Abdication
Abdication occurs when a monarch, such as a king or emperor, renounces his office.-Terminology:The word abdication comes derives from the Latin abdicatio. meaning to disown or renounce...
.
Ali
Ali intervened only when informed that the rebels were preventing the delivery of water to the besieged caliph. He tried to mitigate the severity of the siege by insisting that Uthman should be allowed water. Ali went to the extent of even sending his own sons to protect Uthman's house when he was in danger of being attacked. Rebels protested against it and committed excess therein.
Aisha
− During the siege of Uthman, Aisha
Aisha
Aisha bint Abu Bakr also transcribed as was Muhammad's favorite wife...
was asked to stay in Medina, but she left the city without paying attention. Aisha believed Uthman had become an apostate due to neglecting the Islamic traditions during his caliphate, and she encouraged people to kill him. in 655 AD, Uthman was murdered provoking the First Fitna
First Fitna
The First Islamic Civil War , also called the First Fitna , was the first major civil war within the Islamic Caliphate. It arose as a struggle over who had the legitimate right to become the ruling Caliph...
.
Caliphate to Ali
Ali was offered the caliphate by a large number of Muslims of Medina after Uthman's death. He is reported to have refused the caliphate at first but later, upon their insistence, he accepted.It is said that the disciples of the prophet asked Ali to take the government, but he didn’t accept. They were not satisfied and insisted more until he had to accept. When Othman was killed, they went to Ali who was in his own estate and said:
- “This man is killed. The public have to have a leader. No one we have found more deserving to the position than you! You are the oldest in the faith and the nearest to the prophet by relationship.”
- “Don’t do that!” Ali said. “Better I be your advisor than your leader.”
They said: “No, we do swear by God! We won’t let you until we promise you loyalty!”
- “So, let it to be in the mosque,” he said: “for the promise to be clear and by the willing of the people.”
His cousin Abdullah Abbas said:
- I didn’t like him to go there for I was afraid there could be some opponents and problems. But he didn’t accept anywhere but in the mosque. Then he entered the mosque, both people of Migrants and Helpers gathered around him and promised him loyalty.
Abu-Boshre Abedi reports:
When Othman was killed, people among them Talhah and Zobeir came to Ali and insisted: ‘Abul-Hassan! Come and let yourself to be our leader!’
Ali said: ‘I don’t need to be your leader! Any one you find, I am in your side and I we’ll accept him. Find another one for God's sake.’
‘No one but you!’ people said.
They came many times to him and at the last time they said: ‘People can’t manage without a leader. This has become too long!’
Ali said: ‘Many times you have come to me and gone; now you have returned again! I will say a word that if you accept, I will take the position; otherwise I don’t need it!’
They said: ‘Anything you say!’
Ali went to the mosque on the pulpit and spoke:
- ‘I didn’t like to be your leader. But you insisted; now you must know that I won’t do anything against your will. The keys of your treasury will be in my hands but I don’t spend one drachma without your satisfaction. You accept this manner?’
“Yes!” they said.
He said:
- ‘God! Witness this word!’
Many reports absolve Ali of complicity in the murder. German historian Wilferd Madelung
Wilferd Madelung
Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung is a scholar of Islam. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany, where he completed his early education at Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium....
is of the opinion that there is no evidence to suggest that Ali had a close relationship with the rebels who supported his caliphate or directed their actions.
On the other hand, Ali himself said in numerous cases that he had done everything he could to defend him but that he didn't agree with Uthman's policies. Some other sources say that Ali had acted as a restraining influence on Uthman without directly opposing him. However, Madelung narrates that Marwan
Marwan I
Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...
told Zayn al-Abidin, the grandson of Ali: "No one [among the Islamic nobility] was more temperate toward our master than your master."
Before hostilities
Talhah and Zubeir asked Ali the permission for pilgrimage. He let them and they departed. The Medina people wanted to know Ali’s point of view about war against Muslims by asking his view about Muawiah and his opposition. So they sent Ziyad Ben Hanzalah of Tamim who was an intimate friend to Ali. He went to him and sat for a while. Then Ali said:- "Get ready Ziad!"
- "What for?"
- "To fight the Syrians."
- "Better to wait and tolerate."
Then Ziayd recited a poem:
- "One who doesn’t tolerate
- "He will be torn by the teeth
- "And will be smashed by the feet"
Unconsciously recited another poem:
- "When a wake heart and a brave sword and brain
- Are gathered, then you will be safe from the oppression"
Then Ziyad came out to the people waiting for his conclusion. They asked:
- "What happened? What is he going to do?"
Ziyad only said:
- "You people! Sword!!"
And they understood what Ali was going to do.
Ali gave the war flag to his young son Muhammad. He made Abdullah Abbas as the commander of the right wing and made Amr Ben Abi-Salamah as the head of the left.
He wrote to his ruler in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
Keis Ben Said to make an army to fight the Syrians. Same letters he sent to Abu-Musa Ashaari in Kufa
Kufa
Kufa is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000....
h and Othman Ben Honeif in Basrah. Then he went to the mosque and spoke:
- "God sent a prophet guiding us with a Book and a stable manner from which no one will be perverted but the destroyed people. Doubts and new ways can ruin man but if God saves him. So he is who saves you; obey him then with no doubt. I swear by God if you don’t do that, He will take the power of Islam from you and never give it back to you.
- "Now get ready to fight with people who want to divide you! May God make what has ruined by the men in far horizons right by your hands! Accomplish now the duty you have!"
People were gathering for the fight but suddenly news came from Mecca saying that the people are getting ready to rebel. Again Ali went to the mosque and spoke:
- "God forgives the oppressors, and delivers one who stands and resists. Everyone who can’t bear the truth, he will go the lies. Now beware you! that the mother of the believers and Talhah and Zubeir have been gathered to oppose my rule and have invited people with no violence. As long as I don’t feel danger about your unity, I will tolerate. If they stop and do only what I have heard, I won’t take any action too."
Preparation for battle
These events displeased Aisha and a large number of most significant sahaba (companions) of Muhammad. Having an implacable hatred against Ali and his family, they evidently believed that Ali was wrong to occupy himself in other tasks before finding Uthman's murderer. They challenged Ali's caliphate under the claim that Ali had been unsuccessful in finding Uthman's murderer, claiming QisasQisas
Qisas is an Islamic term meaning "retaliation," and follows the principle of an eye for an eye, or lex talionis, first set forth by Hammurabi, and subsequently included in the Old Testament and later legal codes...
for Uthman. Aisha formed a rebel army including Talha and Zubair and went to the city of Basra to seek vengeance for Uthman's blood, which was the beginning of the second civil war in Islam. They raised an army of 3000 warriors, and decided to march on Basra.
On learning of the advance of the rebels, Ali set out to meet them. He had with him only 700 men. Too weak to proceed, he camped at a desert well in Nejd. He sent his elder son Hasan
Hasan ibn Ali
Al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib is an important figure in Islam, the son of Fatimah the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and of the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hasan is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt and Ahl al-Kisa...
, in company with former Kufa governor Ammar ibn Yasir
Ammar ibn Yasir
ʻAmmār ibn Yāsir al-Ansi was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was one of the Muhajirun, and referred to as by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions....
, to request assistance from Kufa; their appeal eventually had the desired effect. With several thousand men from Kufa reinforcing his army, Ali was now ready for battle, and descended upon Basra.
Led by Zubair and Talha, the rebels marched out to meet Ali's army. Not all Basra was with them. Beni Bekr, the tribe once led by the Muthanna, joined the army of Ali. Beni Temeem decided to remain neutral.
Rebels in Basra
According to prominent Sunni scholar and historian Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Ali had employed Jats to guard the BasraBasra
Basra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
treasury during the Battle of Jamal.
The rebel army reached Basra
Basra
Basra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
, and encamped close by. Upon entering the city of Basra, Aisha ordered 600 Muslims beheaded, including 40 in the grand mosque, who were considered to be on Ali's side.
The battle
In the war, Aisha accompanied the rebel army in her camel-litter. Professor Leila AhmedLeila Ahmed
Leila Ahmed is an Egyptian American writer on Islam and Islamic feminism as well as being the first women's studies professor at Harvard Divinity School.- Background :...
claims that it was during this engagement that Muslims fought Muslims for the first time. Battle ensued and Aisha's forces were defeated. Aisha directed her forces from a howdah
Howdah
A howdah, or houdah, also known as hathi howdah, is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare...
on the back of a camel; this 656 AD battle is therefore called the Battle of the Camel.
The attitude of the leaders was in marked contrast with the bitter struggle of the ranks. Zubair, half-hearted since his interview with Ali, left the battlefield according to his promise, and was killed in an adjoining valley. A man named Amr ibn Jarmouz
Amr ibn Jarmouz
Amr ibn Jarmouz is the man that killed the famous Muslim Sahaba General Zubayr ibn al-Awwam shortly after the Battle of the Camel, while Zubayr was praying ....
had followed Zubair and murdered him while he performed Salat.
End of the battle
Marwan ibn al-HakamMarwan I
Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...
shot his own general, Talha, who became disabled in the leg by the shot, and carried into Basra
Basra
Basra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
, where he died later of his wound. Marwan said,
Ali's forces overcame the rebels, and the defeated army was treated with generosity. Ali met Aisha, who was at that time aged 45, with the intent of reconciliation. He sent her back to Medina under military escort headed by her brother Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was the son of Abu Bakr, who was the senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and first Rashidun Caliph. His mother was Asma bint Umais...
, one of Ali's commanders. She subsequently retired to Medina with no more interference with the affairs of state.
Losses in the battle
According to William MuirWilliam Muir
Sir William Muir, KCSI was a Scottish Orientalist and colonial administrator.-Life:He was born at Glasgow and educated at Kilmarnock Academy, at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities, and at Haileybury College. In 1837 he entered the Bengal Civil Service...
, 10,000 people lost their life in this battle, with each party bearing equal loss. In the three days after the battle, Ali performed a funeral service for all the dead from both parties.
The combat had lasted 110 days in total.
Fought with Ali
- AliAli' |Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661).His father's name was Abu Talib. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam...
- Harith ibn Rab'iHarith ibn Rab'iHarith ibn Rab'i was one of the companions of Muhammad.Hi full name was Abu Qatada al-Harith ibn Rabi'i al-Ansari-Biography:He had a Mawla named "Abu Muhammad". Presumably, he had a son named "Qatada ibn al-Harith"...
- Malik al-Ashtar
- Ammar ibn YasirAmmar ibn YasirʻAmmār ibn Yāsir al-Ansi was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was one of the Muhajirun, and referred to as by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions....
- Muhammad ibn Abi BakrMuhammad ibn Abi BakrMuhammad ibn Abi Bakr was the son of Abu Bakr, who was the senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and first Rashidun Caliph. His mother was Asma bint Umais...
- Hasan ibn AliHasan ibn AliAl-Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib is an important figure in Islam, the son of Fatimah the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and of the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hasan is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt and Ahl al-Kisa...
- Abu Ayub Ansari
- Abu Qatada bin Rabyee
- Qais bin Sa'd bin Idadah
- Qathm bin Abbas
Fought with Aisha
- AishaAishaAisha bint Abu Bakr also transcribed as was Muhammad's favorite wife...
- Talha ibn Ubayd-AllahTalha ibn Ubayd-AllahTalha or Talha, son of Obaidullah was one of the first eight persons to embrace Islam and a devoted disciple and companion of Muhammad, best known for his roles in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel.-Family:...
- Muhammad ibn TalhaMuhammad ibn TalhaMuhammad ibn Talhah was, according to a Sunni source, the son of the prominent Muslim general Talha ibn Ubayd-Allah and Hammanah bint Jahsh. Hammanah was the sister of Zaynab bint Jahsh, one of Muhammads wives. He and his father died at the battle of the Camel....
- Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
- Marwan ibn al-Hakam
Others involved
- Abd-Allah ibn Umar
- Hafsa bint UmarHafsa bint UmarḤafsah bint ‘Umar and wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and therefore a Mother of the Believers.-Biography:She was married to Khunais ibn Hudhaifa, but became a widow when she was eighteen and according to Islamic tradition her father offered her to Abu Bakr and Uthman Ibn Affan...
- Umm Salama Hind bint Abi UmayyaUmm Salama Hind bint Abi UmayyaHind bint Abi Umayya was a wife of Muhammad, and therefore a Mother of the Believers.-Name:Hind bint Abi Umayya, Hind al Makhzumiyah, Hind bint Suhayl, also called as Umm Salama ....
- Jatts
Unclassified
- Abdullah bin Aamir Hadhrami of Makkah
- Ya'la bin Umayya
- Abdullah bin Aamir bin Kurayz of Basra
- Saeed bin Aas
- Mughira bin Shaaba
See also
- Jat people#History