Arnulf III, Archbishop of Milan
Encyclopedia
Arnulf III was the Archbishop of Milan from his election 6 December 1093 to his death in 1097. He succeeded Anselm III
only two days after his death. Along with Anselm III and Anselm IV
, he was one of a trio of successive Ambrosian pontiffs to side with pope against emperor in the late eleventh and early twelfth century.
Though his election had been vaild, he was invested by Conrad II
, but the papal legate declared him a simoniac and deposed. Consequently, he was never consecrated. Arnulf went into a brief retirement of penance at the monastery of S. Pietro di Civate
, where Anselm III had gone for a similar reason during his episcopate. After his brief sojourn there, he was reconciled with Pope Urban II
and received the pallium
. According to Pandulf of Pisa
, this was the moment of his consecration. Bernold of Constance
places his consecration in March 1095. It was performed by three great bishops of the German
Gregorian reform
: Thimo of Salzburg, Odalric of Passau, and Gebhard III of Constance.
Arnulf himself became an enthusiastic reformer and opponent of the Emperor Henry IV. He participated in the Council of Piacenza
. From 6 to 26 May that same year (1095), the pope was present at Milan for the transferral of the relics of Erlembald
to S. Dionigi. In 1096, the pope preached the First Crusade
at S. Tecla in Milanese territory. Only two of Arnulf's acts as bishop survive and he is buried in Civate.
Anselm III, Archbishop of Milan
Anselm III was the archbishop of Milan from his consecration on 1 July 1086 to his death on 4 December 1093. He reestablished order in the Ambrosian see after more than a decade of fighting between the pataria and the religious authorities and confusion over the succession to the bishopric.Anslem...
only two days after his death. Along with Anselm III and Anselm IV
Anselm IV, Archbishop of Milan
Anselm IV was the Archbishop of Milan from 3 November 1097 to his death on 30 September 1101. He was a close friend of Pope Urban II and prominent in the Crusade of 1101, whose Lombard contingent he led and on which he died.According to Galvano Fiamma, he was born in Bovisio, the son of a valvassor...
, he was one of a trio of successive Ambrosian pontiffs to side with pope against emperor in the late eleventh and early twelfth century.
Though his election had been vaild, he was invested by Conrad II
Conrad of Italy
Conrad II was the second son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. As such, he was King of Germany from 1087 to 1098 and also King of Italy from 1093 to 1098....
, but the papal legate declared him a simoniac and deposed. Consequently, he was never consecrated. Arnulf went into a brief retirement of penance at the monastery of S. Pietro di Civate
Civate
Civate is a comune in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km northeast of Milan and about 4 km southwest of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,898 and an area of 9.1 km²...
, where Anselm III had gone for a similar reason during his episcopate. After his brief sojourn there, he was reconciled with Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II , born Otho de Lagery , was Pope from 12 March 1088 until his death on July 29 1099...
and received the pallium
Pallium
The pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See. In that context it has always remained unambiguously...
. According to Pandulf of Pisa
Pandulf of Pisa
Pandulf of Pisawas a twelfth century Italian Cardinal, and biographer of several contemporary popes; these biographies belonged to the Liber Pontificalis. He was nephew of Hugo of Alatri...
, this was the moment of his consecration. Bernold of Constance
Bernold of Constance
Bernold of Constance was a chronicler and writer of tracts, and a defender of the Church reforms of Pope Gregory VII.-Life:...
places his consecration in March 1095. It was performed by three great bishops of the German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Gregorian reform
Gregorian Reform
The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, circa 1050–80, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy...
: Thimo of Salzburg, Odalric of Passau, and Gebhard III of Constance.
Arnulf himself became an enthusiastic reformer and opponent of the Emperor Henry IV. He participated in the Council of Piacenza
Council of Piacenza
The Council of Piacenza was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Roman Catholic Church, which took place from March 1 to March 5, 1095, at Piacenza....
. From 6 to 26 May that same year (1095), the pope was present at Milan for the transferral of the relics of Erlembald
Erlembald
Saint Erlembald was the political and military leader of the movement known as the pataria in Milan, a movement to reform the clergy and the church in the Ambrosian diocese.He was the brother of Landulf, subdeacon of Milan...
to S. Dionigi. In 1096, the pope preached the First Crusade
First Crusade
The First Crusade was a military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem...
at S. Tecla in Milanese territory. Only two of Arnulf's acts as bishop survive and he is buried in Civate.
Sources
- Landolfo Iuniore di San Paolo. Historia Mediolanensis.
- Ghisalberti, Alberto M. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: III Ammirato – Arcoleo. Rome, 1961.