Arachis is a genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of about 70 species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

 of annual and perennial flowering plant

Flowering plant

The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...

s in the pea family (Fabaceae

Fabaceae

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species...

), native to South America. At least one species, the peanut

Peanut

The peanut, or groundnut , is a species in the legume or "bean" family , so it is not a nut. The peanut was probably first cultivated in the valleys of Peru. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing tall...

 (Arachis hypogaea), is a major food crop species of global importance; some of the other species are cultivated for food to a small extent in South America. Other species such as A. pintoi

Arachis pintoi

Arachis pintoi is a forage plant native to Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. It is native to the valleys of the upper São Francisco and the Jequitinhonha rivers of Brazil...

are cultivated worldwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high-protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry

Agroforestry

Agroforestry is an integrated approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems.-Definitions:According to...

 and permaculture systems.

Arachis species, including the peanut, are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...

 species, including flame shoulder

Flame Shoulder

The Flame Shoulder is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe.The forewings of this species are reddish brown with a black streak interrupted by white stigmata and a creamy-yellow streak along the costa which gives the species its common name. The hindwings are pure...

, nutmeg

Nutmeg (moth)

The nutmeg , also known as the clover cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found throughout Europe although in the north of its range it is a summer migrant, not being able to survive the cold winters.This is a small to medium species with cryptically coloured forewings, varying from...

 and turnip moths

Turnip Moth

The Turnip Moth is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common European species, but it is also found in Asia and Africa, very likely having been spread by the international trade in nursery stock...

.

Species

• A. africana Burm.f.
  Nicolaas Laurens Burman
  Nicolaas Laurens Burman was a Dutch botanist.He was the son of Johannes Burman . He succeeded his father to the chair of botany at the University of Amsterdam., and at the Hortus Botanicus. He continued the correspondence with Carolus Linnaeus, joining him at the University of Uppsala in 1760...
  
  
• A. appressipila Krapov.
  Antonio Krapovickas
  Antonio Krapovickas is an Argentine agronomist.Krapovickas received a degree in 1948 in agronomic engineering from the University of Buenos Aires and began teaching in 1949 as Professor of Genetics and Systems Botany at the University of Córdoba...
  
   & W. C. Greg.
• A. archeri
  Arachis archeri
  Arachis archeri is a herb native to Mato Grosso vegetation in Brazil. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut .-External links:*...
  
  Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. batizocoi
  Arachis batizocoi
  Arachis batizocoi is a herb native to Bolivia and Paraguay. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut .-External links:*...
  
  Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. benensis
• A. benthamii Handro
• A. brevipetiolata Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. burchellii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. burkartii Handro
• A. cardenasii
  Arachis cardenasii
  Arachis cardenasii is a herb in the Faboideae family. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut ; for example, Cercospora leaf spot resistance....
  
  Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. chiquitana Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. correntina
  Arachis correntina
  Arachis correntina is a herb native to Argentina and Paraguay. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut .-External links:*...
  
  (Burkart) Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. cruziana
• A. cryptopotamica Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. dardani Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. decora
• A. diogoi
  Arachis diogoi
  Arachis diogoi is a perennial herb found in Africa, Indian Ocean and South America. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut .-External links:*...
  
  Hoehne
• A. douradiana Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. duranensis
  Arachis duranensis
  Arachis duranensis is a herb found in South America, specially Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut .-External links:*...
  
  Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. giacomettii
• A. glabrata
  Arachis glabrata
  Arachis glabrata is a high quality forage plant native to Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay vegetation...
  
  
• A. glandulifera Stalker
  Stalker
  -In media:* Stalker , a 1995 dark ambient album by Lustmord & Robert Rich, inspired by the film* Stalker , an episode of the American television series CSI...
  
  
• A. gracilis Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. gregoryi
• A. guaranitica Chodat
  Robert Hippolyte Chodat
  Robert Hippolyte Chodat was a Swiss botanist and phycologist who was a professor and director of the botanical institute at the University of Geneva....
  
   & Hassl.
• A. hatschbachii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. helodes Mart.
  Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
  Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a German botanist and explorer.Martius was born at Erlangen, where he graduated M.D. in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the botanic garden of the university...
  
   ex Krapov. & Rigoni
• A. hermannii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. herzogii
• A. hoehnei Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. hypogaea (Peanut)
• A. interrupta Valls
  Valls
  Valls is the capital of the comarca of Alt Camp, in Catalonia, Spain. The typical food is calçots and also typical are the human towers called castells...
  
   & C. E. Simpson
• A. ipaënsis
  Arachis ipaensis
  Arachis ipaensis is a herb in the Faboideae family. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut ....
  
  
• A. kempff-mercadoi
• A. kretschmeri Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. kuhlmannii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. lignosa (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. linearifolia
• A. lutescens Krapov. & Rigoni
• A. macedoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. magna
• A. major Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. marginata
• A. martii Handro
• A. matiensis
• A. microsperma
• A. monticola
  Arachis monticola
  Arachis monticola is a close relative of the domesticated peanut . Besides the peanut, it is the only other tetraploid species in the genus Arachis. It is thought to be the immediate wild ancestor of peanut, although it may be a weedy form, descended from cultivated peanuts.-References:...
  
  Krapov. & Rigoni
• A. namyquarae Hoehne
• A. oteroi Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. palustris
• A. paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.
• A. pflugeae
• A. pietrarellii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. pintoi
  Arachis pintoi
  Arachis pintoi is a forage plant native to Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. It is native to the valleys of the upper São Francisco and the Jequitinhonha rivers of Brazil...
  
  Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. praecox
• A. prostrata (Grassnut)
• A. pseudovillosa (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. pusilla Benth.
  George Bentham
  George Bentham CMG FRS was an English botanist, characterized by Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century".- Formative years :...
  
  
• A. repens
  Arachis repens
  Arachis repens is a species in the Fabaceae family native to Brazil. This plant is often used as a forage and ornamental plant.-References:...
  
  Handro
• A. retusa Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. rigonii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. schininii
• A. seridoënsis
• A. setinervosa Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. simpsonii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. stenophylla Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. stenosperma Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. subcoriacea Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. sylvestris (A. Chev.) A. Chev.
• A. trinitensis Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. triseminata Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. tuberosa Benth.
• A. valida Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. vallsii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
• A. villosa Benth.
• A. villosulicarpa
  Arachis villosulicarpa
  Arachis villosulicarpa is a perennial herb in the Faboideae family. This plant is only cultivated by indigenous people in Mato Grosso, a state of Brazil. This plant has never been found in the wild, and it is cited as a domesticated plant. It is cited as a gene source for research in the plant...
  
  Hoehne
• A. williamsii Krapov. & W. C. Greg.

External links

• LegumeWeb: Arachis taxa
• Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter: Morphological characterization of Arachis species of section Arachis