Apollinaire Bouchardat
Encyclopedia
Apollinaire Bouchardat was a French pharmacist
and hygienist born in L'Isle-sur-Serein
.
He studied at the Ecole de pharmacie de Paris
and the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, and later became chief pharmacist at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
, where he worked for much of his career. In the mid-1850s he became professor of hygiene
at the Faculté de médecine.
Bouchardat is often credited as the founder of diabetology
, and was a major figure involving dietetic therapy
for treatment of diabetes prior to the advent of insulin
therapy. He recognized that fasting was a method to reduce glycosuria
, and speculated that the principal cause of diabetes was located in the pancreas
. In the treatment of the disease, he stressed the importance of exercise, and developed a procedure for self-testing urine
to determine the presence of glucose
.
Among his written works was the popular Nouveau Formulaire Magistral which was published over many editions. This formulary
contained information about health spas and pharmaceutical formulae which included natural cures and remedies for all types of ailments.
Pharmacist
Pharmacists are allied health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use...
and hygienist born in L'Isle-sur-Serein
L'Isle-sur-Serein
L'Isle-sur-Serein is a commune in the Yonne department in Burgundy in north-central France.-References:*...
.
He studied at the Ecole de pharmacie de Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, and later became chief pharmacist at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
The Hôtel-Dieu de Paris is regarded as the oldest hospital in the city of Paris, France, and is the most central of the Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris hospitals. The hospital is linked to the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes...
, where he worked for much of his career. In the mid-1850s he became professor of hygiene
Hygiene
Hygiene refers to the set of practices perceived by a community to be associated with the preservation of health and healthy living. While in modern medical sciences there is a set of standards of hygiene recommended for different situations, what is considered hygienic or not can vary between...
at the Faculté de médecine.
Bouchardat is often credited as the founder of diabetology
Diabetology
Diabetology is the clinical science of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. It can be considered a specialised field of endocrinology.The term diabetologist is used in several ways...
, and was a major figure involving dietetic therapy
Therapy
This is a list of types of therapy .* Adventure therapy* Animal-assisted therapy* Aquatic therapy* Aromatherapy* Art and dementia* Art therapy* Authentic Movement* Behavioral therapy* Bibliotherapy* Buteyko Method* Chemotherapy...
for treatment of diabetes prior to the advent of insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
therapy. He recognized that fasting was a method to reduce glycosuria
Glycosuria
Glycosuria or glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reclaim all of the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. Glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levels, most commonly due to...
, and speculated that the principal cause of diabetes was located in the pancreas
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
. In the treatment of the disease, he stressed the importance of exercise, and developed a procedure for self-testing urine
Urine
Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body that is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products, many rich in nitrogen, that require elimination from the bloodstream...
to determine the presence of glucose
Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. Cells use it as the primary source of energy and a metabolic intermediate...
.
Among his written works was the popular Nouveau Formulaire Magistral which was published over many editions. This formulary
Formulary
The term formulary can refer to:*Formulary , ancient and medieval collections of models for official writings.*Formulary , List of prescription drugs covered by a particular drug benefit plan.*certain modern reference works, e.g.:...
contained information about health spas and pharmaceutical formulae which included natural cures and remedies for all types of ailments.
- Associated eponym:
- Bouchardat's treatment: Treatment of diabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced...
by use of a low-carbohydrateCarbohydrateA carbohydrate is an organic compound with the empirical formula ; that is, consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 . However, there are exceptions to this. One common example would be deoxyribose, a component of DNA, which has the empirical...
diet.