Andrushivka
Encyclopedia
Andrushivka is a city in Zhytomyr Oblast
, Ukraine
and seat of Andrushivka Raion
. Population is 9,890 (2001). The city is located in the south-east of the oblast, on the banks of the Huyva River
, a distance of 47 km from the regional capital of Zhitomir. Andrushivka received city status in 1975. The town hosts Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory
(A50). It is connected by railway, served by Andrushivka railway station.
have been unearthed in nearby settlements as well as the remains of the Cherniahivs'ka culture.
In historical sources, Andrushivka was first mentioned as Andrusovky in 1683. In the seventeenth century the village became the property of the Polish magnates Burzynski, which exploited the local population to work hard. Burzynski built the Burzynski Palace in Andrushivka. The Jews first arrived in Andrushivka in 1784. In 1793, after the second division of the Commonwealth, Andrusivka was annexed by the Russian Empire
.
, distillery and bi-weekly fairs. Agricultural practice, however, was the chief source of income and soil and climatic conditions were favorable for growing sugar beet, and with the availability of large reserves of land it fueled the rapid development of sugar industry in Andrushivka Raion. Initially there was one small plantation on the left bank of the Huyvy, known as Yatsyukoviy. Laborers came from the surrounding villages and beet was extracted by primitive methods, using horses and oxen. The growth of the population let to a demand for tertiary employment, builders and other jobs which were often carried out seasonally, and the hiring peasants from surrounding villages rose steadily after the abolition of serfdom in 1861.
In 1859 Andrushivka was promoted to the category of town. Testament to the prosperity of the local sugar industry, in 1848 the first sugar factory was built in Zhitomir. Sugar manufacturers Tereshchenko
then built the Andruskha Sugar Factory in Andrushivka in 1869 and opened an estate there; Artemiy Tereshchenko also built a brick palace complex Tereschenko Palace
in the French Neo-renaissance style and in 1871 opened the Dvoklasne school.
Andrushivka repeatedly passed from one government to another until the Soviet authority was finally established June 8, 1920. In August 1920, enterprises were nationalized in Andrushevka. After the administrative-territorial reform in March 1923, Andrushivka became a district center, which had a positive impact on its economic and cultural development. In the years 1927-8 the sugar factory was modernized, which made it possible to increase the output of the plant.
From 1930 to 1932, Andrushivka was under Berdychiv Oblast, from 1932 to 1937 under Kiev Oblast
, and in 1937 finally fell administratively under Zhytomyr Oblast
. In 1941 Andrushivka had 5,243 residents and 1,127 households.
During World War II, Andrushivka was under Nazi German occupation from July 10, 1941 to December 27, 1943. Germans tortured and shot 460 civilians of the town, including 216 children and 25 old men, and drove 84 people to forced labor in Germany 84 people. During the war, the sugar factory was bombed. Andrushivka was liberated by Soviet troops on 27 December 1943. Between 9 January and 29 February 1944 in the village housed the command post headquarters of the 1st Ukrainian Front
, led by an outstanding Soviet commander, Army General Vatutin. An obelisk was constructed in Andrushivka in honor of fallen soldiers in World War II.
In the postwar period in Andrushevka was restored and its ruined factories renovated, especially the local sugar factory, and new production and social infrastructure began to develop again. In 1975, Andrushivka attained the status of city.
Since the years of independence in Ukraine since 1991, the city has reopened the temples and as of 2011, two new places of worship have been built.
was built in the city suburbs. on September 18, 2003 the observatory discovered a main-belt asteroid, which was later named after the city, 133293 Andrushivka
. On October 17, 2007, (175636) Zvyagel was discovered at the observatory. It was named Zvyagel as it was the 750th anniversary of the city.
. It lies along the T0609 road, which connects it to Voltytsya village in the north where it joins the P18 road which connects it to the regional capital of Zhtomyr to the northwest, and the villages of Zabara and Chervone lie along the T0609 road to the southwest. The nearest major cities are Zhtomyr and Berdychiv
to the southwest. The Huyva River
flowing past the city flows in a north-south direction in its eastern side and much of the land in the area is flat and agricultural.
Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast is an oblast of northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937....
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
and seat of Andrushivka Raion
Andrushivka Raion
Andrushivka Raion is a raion of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Andrushivka. The raion covers an area of 960.11 square kilometres and as of 2011 it had a population of 34,934 people....
. Population is 9,890 (2001). The city is located in the south-east of the oblast, on the banks of the Huyva River
Huyva River
The Huyva is a river of northern Ukraine, flowing through the territory of Koziatynskyi Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast and Andrushivka Raion and Zhytomyr Raion of Zhytomyr Oblast. It is a tributary of the Teteriv River....
, a distance of 47 km from the regional capital of Zhitomir. Andrushivka received city status in 1975. The town hosts Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory
Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory
Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the city suburbs of Andrushivka, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. It was established in 2001. On September 18, 2003 the observatory discovered a main-belt asteroid, which was later named after the city, 133293 Andrushivka. On October...
(A50). It is connected by railway, served by Andrushivka railway station.
History
The territory of modern Andrushivka was settled as early as the 1st millennium BC. Implements of the Bronze AgeBronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
have been unearthed in nearby settlements as well as the remains of the Cherniahivs'ka culture.
In historical sources, Andrushivka was first mentioned as Andrusovky in 1683. In the seventeenth century the village became the property of the Polish magnates Burzynski, which exploited the local population to work hard. Burzynski built the Burzynski Palace in Andrushivka. The Jews first arrived in Andrushivka in 1784. In 1793, after the second division of the Commonwealth, Andrusivka was annexed by the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
19th century
Andrushivka gradually increased in size and population. By 1798 it has population of 1046 people, a working distillery with two boilers, three water mills, one on horse-drawn. By the mid nineteenth century, Andrushevka had a tanneryTannery
Tannery may refer to:* Tannery , a facility where the tanning process is applied to hide to produce leather* Paul Tannery , a French mathematician and historian of mathematics...
, distillery and bi-weekly fairs. Agricultural practice, however, was the chief source of income and soil and climatic conditions were favorable for growing sugar beet, and with the availability of large reserves of land it fueled the rapid development of sugar industry in Andrushivka Raion. Initially there was one small plantation on the left bank of the Huyvy, known as Yatsyukoviy. Laborers came from the surrounding villages and beet was extracted by primitive methods, using horses and oxen. The growth of the population let to a demand for tertiary employment, builders and other jobs which were often carried out seasonally, and the hiring peasants from surrounding villages rose steadily after the abolition of serfdom in 1861.
In 1859 Andrushivka was promoted to the category of town. Testament to the prosperity of the local sugar industry, in 1848 the first sugar factory was built in Zhitomir. Sugar manufacturers Tereshchenko
Tereshchenko
Tereshchenko is a surname of Ukrainian origin. It originates from the name Teresh through an addition of the Ukrainian paternal suffix -enko.-Tereshchenko family:Of a prominent Tereshchenko family of Ukrainian entrepreneurs and philanthropists...
then built the Andruskha Sugar Factory in Andrushivka in 1869 and opened an estate there; Artemiy Tereshchenko also built a brick palace complex Tereschenko Palace
Tereschenko Palace
Tereschenko Palace is a palace, now a school, in Andrushivka, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. It was built in 1871 by Artemiy Tereshchenko, a sugar baron from the wealthy Tereshchenko family of entrepreneurs who ran the Andrushivka Sugar Factory...
in the French Neo-renaissance style and in 1871 opened the Dvoklasne school.
20th century
In 1911 Andrushivka had a population of 2359 people. Soviet power in Andrushevka was first installed in January 1918; during the Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
Andrushivka repeatedly passed from one government to another until the Soviet authority was finally established June 8, 1920. In August 1920, enterprises were nationalized in Andrushevka. After the administrative-territorial reform in March 1923, Andrushivka became a district center, which had a positive impact on its economic and cultural development. In the years 1927-8 the sugar factory was modernized, which made it possible to increase the output of the plant.
From 1930 to 1932, Andrushivka was under Berdychiv Oblast, from 1932 to 1937 under Kiev Oblast
Kiev Oblast
Kyiv Oblast, sometimes written as Kiev Oblast is an oblast in central Ukraine.The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kyiv , also being the capital of Ukraine...
, and in 1937 finally fell administratively under Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast is an oblast of northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937....
. In 1941 Andrushivka had 5,243 residents and 1,127 households.
During World War II, Andrushivka was under Nazi German occupation from July 10, 1941 to December 27, 1943. Germans tortured and shot 460 civilians of the town, including 216 children and 25 old men, and drove 84 people to forced labor in Germany 84 people. During the war, the sugar factory was bombed. Andrushivka was liberated by Soviet troops on 27 December 1943. Between 9 January and 29 February 1944 in the village housed the command post headquarters of the 1st Ukrainian Front
1st Ukrainian Front
The 1st Ukrainian Front was a front—a force the size of a Western Army group—of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War.-Wartime:...
, led by an outstanding Soviet commander, Army General Vatutin. An obelisk was constructed in Andrushivka in honor of fallen soldiers in World War II.
In the postwar period in Andrushevka was restored and its ruined factories renovated, especially the local sugar factory, and new production and social infrastructure began to develop again. In 1975, Andrushivka attained the status of city.
Since the years of independence in Ukraine since 1991, the city has reopened the temples and as of 2011, two new places of worship have been built.
21st century
In 2001, Andrushivka Astronomical ObservatoryAndrushivka Astronomical Observatory
Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the city suburbs of Andrushivka, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. It was established in 2001. On September 18, 2003 the observatory discovered a main-belt asteroid, which was later named after the city, 133293 Andrushivka. On October...
was built in the city suburbs. on September 18, 2003 the observatory discovered a main-belt asteroid, which was later named after the city, 133293 Andrushivka
133293 Andrushivka
133293 Andrushivka is a main-belt asteroid discovered on September 18, 2003 at Andrushivka, Ukraine.- External links :*...
. On October 17, 2007, (175636) Zvyagel was discovered at the observatory. It was named Zvyagel as it was the 750th anniversary of the city.
Geography
Andrushivka is located in northern-central Ukraine in the south-eastern part of Zhytomyr OblastZhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast is an oblast of northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937....
. It lies along the T0609 road, which connects it to Voltytsya village in the north where it joins the P18 road which connects it to the regional capital of Zhtomyr to the northwest, and the villages of Zabara and Chervone lie along the T0609 road to the southwest. The nearest major cities are Zhtomyr and Berdychiv
Berdychiv
Berdychiv is a historic city in the Zhytomyr Oblast of northern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Berdychiv Raion , the city itself is of direct oblast subordinance, and is located south of the oblast capital, Zhytomyr, at around .The current estimated population is around...
to the southwest. The Huyva River
Huyva River
The Huyva is a river of northern Ukraine, flowing through the territory of Koziatynskyi Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast and Andrushivka Raion and Zhytomyr Raion of Zhytomyr Oblast. It is a tributary of the Teteriv River....
flowing past the city flows in a north-south direction in its eastern side and much of the land in the area is flat and agricultural.
Notable landmarks
- Andrushivka Astronomical ObservatoryAndrushivka Astronomical ObservatoryAndrushivka Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the city suburbs of Andrushivka, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. It was established in 2001. On September 18, 2003 the observatory discovered a main-belt asteroid, which was later named after the city, 133293 Andrushivka. On October...
- Andrushivka Gymnasium
- Andrushivka obelisk
- Andrushivka railway station
- Andrushivka reservoir
- Andrushivka Sugar Factory
- Andrushivka Urban Youth Arts Centre
- Burzynski Palace
- Jewish Cemetery of Andrushivka
- Tereschenko PalaceTereschenko PalaceTereschenko Palace is a palace, now a school, in Andrushivka, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. It was built in 1871 by Artemiy Tereshchenko, a sugar baron from the wealthy Tereshchenko family of entrepreneurs who ran the Andrushivka Sugar Factory...
Notable people
- L.Y Morozova-Kurek (1887-1952) - poet
- V.Y. Morozov (1890-1966) - poet and translator
- V.A. Zamlynskyy (1930-1993) - doctor of historical sciences
- Anatolii Pidhorny. (1932-1996) - PhD, Member (Academician) of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- M.I. Slobodian (1935-) - film critic, Honored Artist of Ukraine, Director of Institute of Screen arts of Kyiv National University Theatre,
- S. Kulik (1960-) - Ukrainian producer of installation.