Anatole Chauffard
Encyclopedia
Anatole Marie Émile Chauffard (22 August 1855 – 1 November 1932) was a French internist who was born in Avignon
. He earned his doctorate in 1882, and became médecin des hôpitaux. In 1907 he was appointed professor of internal medicine
of the Paris
faculty. He was a member of the Académie de Médecine, and in 1911 attained the clinical chair at Hôpital Saint-Antoine.
Chauffard is remembered for his work involving liver
disease and his pathophysiological
research of hereditary spherocytosis
. His name is associated with the following disorders:
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
. He earned his doctorate in 1882, and became médecin des hôpitaux. In 1907 he was appointed professor of internal medicine
Internal medicine
Internal medicine is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases. Physicians specializing in internal medicine are called internists. They are especially skilled in the management of patients who have undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes...
of the Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
faculty. He was a member of the Académie de Médecine, and in 1911 attained the clinical chair at Hôpital Saint-Antoine.
Chauffard is remembered for his work involving liver
Liver
The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
disease and his pathophysiological
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology is the study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease, or resulting from an abnormal syndrome...
research of hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis is a genetically-transmitted form of spherocytosis, an auto-hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells that are sphere-shaped rather than bi-concave disk shaped , and therefore more prone to hemolysis.-Symptoms:As in non-hereditary spherocytosis,...
. His name is associated with the following disorders:
- Minkowski-Chauffard disease: Congenital hemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells , either in the blood vessels or elsewhere in the human body . It has numerous possible causes, ranging from relatively harmless to life-threatening...
with spherocytosisSpherocytosisSpherocytosis is an auto-hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells , or erythrocytes, that are sphere-shaped, rather than bi-concave disk shaped. Spherocytes are found in hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.It almost always refers to hereditary...
, splenomegalySplenomegalySplenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen. The spleen usually lies in the left upper quadrant of the human abdomen. It is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism, some reduction in the number of circulating blood cells affecting granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets in any...
and jaundiceJaundiceJaundice is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae , and other mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia . This hyperbilirubinemia subsequently causes increased levels of bilirubin in the extracellular fluid...
. Named with Oskar MinkowskiOskar MinkowskiOskar Minkowski He held a professor at at the University of Breslau and is most famous for his research on diabetes...
(1858-1931). - Troisier-Hanot-Chauffard syndromeTroisier-Hanot-Chauffard syndromeTroisier-Hanot-Chauffard syndrome is a form of diabetes mellitus sometimes known as "bronze diabetes". The common name is hemochromatosisIt is named for Charles Emile Troisier, Victor Charles Hanot, and Anatole Chauffard....
: Hypertrophic cirrhosisCirrhosisCirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules , leading to loss of liver function...
with skin pigmentation and diabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced...
. Sometimes called primary hemochromatosis, bronze diabetes, pigmentary cirrhosis or iron overload disease. Named with Victor Charles HanotVictor Charles HanotVictor Charles Hanot was a French physician remembered for his work in the field of hepatology. He earned his medical doctorate in 1875, and was associated with the Hôpital Saint-Antoine in Paris. Also, he was professor agrégé of general medicine in Paris, and editor-in-chief of the Archives...
(1844-1896) and Charles Emile Troisier (1844-1919).