Amar Singh Rathore was a Rathore

Rathore

The Rathore is a Suryavanshi Rajput clan same caste as Lohana. Their Kuldevi is Nagnechiya Mata and "Karani Mata". Rathores are originally from Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh. Rathores are historically considered the samurais of India...

 Rajput

Rajput

A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...

 nobleman affiliated with the royal house of Marwar

Marwar

Marwar is a region of southwestern Rajasthan state in western India. It lies partly in the Thar Desert. In Rajasthani dialect "wad" means a particular area. The word Marwar is derived from Sanskrit word 'Maruwat'. English translation of the word is 'The region of desert'., The Imperial Gazetteer...

, and a courtier of the Mughal

Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...

 emperor Shah Jahan

Shah Jahan

Shah Jahan Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan...

 in seventeenth-century India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. After he was disinherited and exiled by his family, he entered the Mughals' service. His legendary bravery and battle prowess resulted in elevation to a high rank in the imperial nobility and personal recognition by the emperor, who made him the subedar (governor) of a region that was directly ruled by the emperor himself, Nagaur

Nagaur

Nagaur is a city in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. It was founded by the Naga Kshatriyas.- History :...

. In 1644, he was enraged by an attempt by the emperor to levy a fine on him for an unauthorized absence. In the emperor's presence, he stabbed and killed Salabat Khan, a noble who had been asked to collect the fine. He is celebrated in some popular ballads of Rajasthan

Rajasthan

Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...

, Western Uttar Pradesh

Western Uttar Pradesh

Western Uttar Pradesh, sometimes simply referred to as West U.P., is a region in India that comprises the western districts of Uttar Pradesh state, including the areas of Rohilkhand and Braj. The region has some demographic, economic and cultural patterns which are distinct from other parts of...

 and Punjab. He was the famous fighter who jumped from Agra Fort with his horse.

Expulsion from native land

Amar Singh Rathore was the eldest son to the Maharaja of Marwar and thus the obvious heir to the throne, but because of Amar Singh's snide behaviour towards the new mughal spouse of his father, he was ordered by the Maharaja to remain in exile for rest of his life. He belongs to the Rathore RAJPUT family.

Meeting with Shahjahan

Mughal emperor Shahjahan offered Amar Singh a significant post in his commission, which he eventually accepted. The emperor also granted him a mansab (significant land and personal army) thus making him a middle rank mansabdar. Amar Singh Rathore steadily gained promotions in Shahjahan's administration. He fought many significant battles with unmatched valour and courage. He was famous for being unconventional.

Conflict with Shah Jahan

Rathore made a mark for himself which sparked jealousy of fellow courtiers. The Muslim courtiers of the emperor were quite disturbed by the fact that a Hindu was getting significant recognisation in the court. Once, Rathore went for a hunting expedition without seeking King's permission. Shahjahan feeling insulted, summoned Rathore in his court and asked him for the reason of his absence. Rathore replied that he is not answerable to anyone, and also manifested his intentions by saying that "My sword is my only property, collect all tax from it who dares to do so."

After that an angry courtier Salavat Khan assaulted Rathore saying'kya jaahil jaisi baatein karto ho Raavji', Amar singh killed Salavat Khan in presence of entire Mughal court, an incident considered an open insult to the Mughal throne. The entire Mughal force tried to capture him,as Shahjahan looked dumb founded. After a gallant fighting Amar Singh escaped from the place, by jumping from the agra fort mounted on his horse Bahadur. His horse Bahadur, a marwari horse died after the jump. A Chhatri or cenotaph of Bahadur at the foot step of Agra fort in the memory of Bahadur is a site for attraction for tourists even today.

Conspiracy and the betrayal

Shahjahan wanted this affair to be settled at any cost. At this point, Amar Singh's brother-in-law, Arjun Gaud took responsibility to bring Amar Singh back to Shahjahan's court. Arjun told Amar Singh that Shahjahan is seeking a compromise and has invited Amar Singh to the fort.

This was actually a trap planned by the Arjun Gaud himself. The fort's main gate was closed and only a small window like gate in the main gate was opened. Amar Singh did not bent forward to enter the gate as it meant bending before the Mughal seat, instead he entered bending backwards, as Rathore entered in the fort's gate, Arjun Gaud and his men attacked him with swords and stabbed him, thus killing Amar Singh Rathore.

Shahjahan kept Amar Singh Rathore's body was thrown on a tower challenging the Rajputs to take it away.Amar Singh's wife told Ballu Champavat regarding the challenge and that she wanted to become a Sati with her husband's body. Ballu was a friend of Amar Singh but was not in good terms with him. After Ballu's wife sarcastically remarked that her husband was a coward Ballu accepted the challenge. Ballu reached Agra with chosen fifty of the bravest amongst Rathores. Maharana of Mewar sent a finest horse to Agra the same night for Ballu. Ballu Champavat entered Agra fort in the morning as the gates opened killing the Mughals coming in his way and with the body of Amar Singh Rathore he jumped from the Agra fort mounted on a horse. Badly injured Ballu Champavat died after delivering the body to the wife of Amar Singh who became a Sati with the body of her husband.

Commemoration in popular culture

Amar Singh Rathore is considered an icon of extraordinary might, will, and freedom. Neither fear, nor greed were able to affect his decisions. He died as a free man. The bravery of Amar singh Rathore and Ballu Champavat is still remembered in folk songs in Rajasthan and around Agra. A Hindi movie based on Amar Singh was made in 1970, it was named as 'Veer Amar Singh Rathore' and directed by Radhakant. Dev Kumar, Kumkum and Zeba Rehman were the lead actors of the movie in Black and White. A Gujarati movie was also made on the same subject and the lead role was played by Gujarati Super-star Upendra Trivedi. A gate of Agra Fort was named after him as 'Amar Singh Gate' which is a major tourist attraction in Agra. A small excerpt from a Punjabi ballad on Amar Singh Rathore describes his angry entry into Shah Jahan's Diwan-i-Khas and Salabat Khan's attempts to hold him back -

Original

Translation

Dekhkar Shahjahan Badshah bharta hankare, Kaha Salabat Khan nun: "Karo kam hamare. Age auna na do, Rajput rakho atkare." Salabat Khan un Bakhshi dida tare, "Adab manke khara raho, Rajput bichare! Teri bat digi Darbar men, main khara sidhare." "Meri tu kya bat sanwarda, Kartar sanware!" Amar Singh digaia, no dige, jaisa parbat bhari. "Hatke khara ganwariar! Kya kare ganwari?" Jabbal kadhi misri nikali do dhari: Mare Salabat Khan di ja khili pari: Lagi mard de hath di na rahi wo dhari. "Eh le apne sat lakh, Salabat piare! Kante dharke janch le, hor ghat hamare!"

As soon as he saw him Shahjahan the King called out, And said to Salabat Khan: "Do my bidding. Let not the Rajput come forward, keep him back." Salabat Khan, the Controller, cast his eyes on him, (And said): "Stand and be respectful, thou wretched Rajput! Thy fame hath fallen in the Court, and I keep watch (over thee)." "How can'st thou watch over me? God shall watch!" Amar Singh, like a great mountain, was not to be kept back. (Said Salabat Khan): "Stand back, thou boor! What wilt thou with thy boorishness?" In his wrath he (Amar Singh) drew his dagger and struck twice: He struck Salabat Khan and went through him: Struck by a warrior's hand the blow stayed not. "Take this for thy seven lakhs, friend Salabat! Take thy scales and weigh them out!"