Alexander Sokurov
Encyclopedia
Alexander Nikolayevich Sokurov is a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

n filmmaker. His most significant works include a semi-documentary, Russian Ark
Russian Ark
Russian Ark is a 2002 Russian historical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was filmed entirely in the Winter Palace of the Russian State Hermitage Museum using a single 96-minute Steadicam sequence shot...

(2002), filmed in a single unedited shot, and Faust
Faust (2011 film)
Faust is a 2011 Russian film directed by Alexander Sokurov. Set in the 19th century, it is a free interpretation of the Faust legend and its literary adaptations by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Thomas Mann. The dialogue is in German...

(2011), which was honoured with the Golden Lion
Golden Lion
Il Leone d’Oro is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes...

, the highest prize for the best film at the Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
The Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the...

.

Life and work

Sokurov was born in Podorvikha, Irkutsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of Angara River, Lena, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. The administrative center is the city of Irkutsk. Population: -History:...

, in Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...

, into a military officer's family. He graduated from the History Department of the Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is, with the population of 1,250,615, the fifth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and Yekaterinburg...

 University in 1974 and entered one of the VGIK studios the following year. There he became friends with Tarkovsky
Andrei Tarkovsky
Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky was a Soviet and Russian filmmaker, writer, film editor, film theorist, theatre and opera director, widely regarded as one of the finest filmmakers of the 20th century....

 and was deeply influenced by his film Mirror
The Mirror (1975 film)
The Mirror is a 1975 Russian film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky. It is loosely autobiographical, blending childhood memories, newsreel footage and poems by his father Arseny Tarkovsky...

. Most of Sokurov's early features were banned by Soviet authorities. During his early period, he produced numerous documentaries, including an interview with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was aRussian and Soviet novelist, dramatist, and historian. Through his often-suppressed writings, he helped to raise global awareness of the Gulag, the Soviet Union's forced labor camp system – particularly in The Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of...

 and a reportage about Grigori Kozintsev
Grigori Kozintsev
Grigori Mikhaylovich Kozintsev was a Jewish Ukrainian, Soviet Russian theatre and film director. He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1964.He studied in the Imperial Academy of Arts...

's flat in St Petersburg. His film Mournful Unconcern was nominated for the Golden Bear
Golden Bear
According to legend, the Golden Bear was a large golden Ursus arctos. Members of the Ursus arctos species can reach masses of . The Grizzly Bear and the Kodiak Bear are North American subspecies of the Brown Bear....

 at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival
37th Berlin International Film Festival
The 37th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 20 February to 3 March 1987.-Jury:* Klaus Maria Brandauer * Juliet Berto* Kathleen Carroll* Callisto Cosulich* Victor Dyomin* Reinhard Hauff* Edmund Luft* Jiří Menzel...

 in 1987.

Mother and Son
Mother and Son (film)
Mother and Son is a 1997 Russian film directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, depicting the relationship between an old, dying mother and her young son. It was Sokurov's first internationally acclaimed feature film, and is the first part of a trilogy that has for its subject matter the study of the drama...

(1997) was his first internationally acclaimed feature film. It was mirrored by Father and Son
Father and Son (2003 film)
Father and Son is a 2003 Russian drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was entered into the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Andrei Shchetinin as father* Aleksei Neymyshev as Aleksei, the Son* Aleksandr Razbash as Sasha...

(2003), which baffled the critics with its implicit homoeroticism
Homoeroticism
Homoeroticism refers to the erotic attraction between members of the same sex, either male–male or female–female , most especially as it is depicted or manifested in the visual arts and literature. It can also be found in performative forms; from theatre to the theatricality of uniformed movements...

 (though Sokurov himself has criticized this particular interpretation). Susan Sontag
Susan Sontag
Susan Sontag was an American author, literary theorist, feminist and political activist whose works include On Photography and Against Interpretation.-Life:...

 included two Sokurov features among her ten favorite films of the 1990s, saying: "There’s no director active today whose films I admire as much." In 2006, he received the Master of Cinema Award of the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg
International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg
Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival is an annual film festival held jointly by the cities of Mannheim and Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg. The festival was established in 1952. In Mannheim there are six cinema centres and 19 single cinemas.The festival presents arthouse films of...

.

Sokurov is a Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes International Film Festival , is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres including documentaries from around the world. Founded in 1946, it is among the world's most prestigious and publicized film festivals...

 regular, with four of his movies having debuted there. However, until 2011, Sokurov didn't win top awards at major international festivals. For a long time, his most commercially and critically successful film was the semi-documentary Russian Ark (2002), acclaimed primarily for its visually hypnotic images and single unedited shot.

Sokurov has filmed a tetralogy
Tetralogy
A tetralogy is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works, just as a trilogy is made up of three works....

 exploring the corrupting effects of power. The first three installments were dedicated to prominent 20th-century rulers: Moloch
Moloch (film)
Moloch is a 1999 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Yuri Arabov and Marina Koreneva. It portrays Adolf Hitler as a humanized figure, living life in an unassuming manner during an abrupt journey to the Bavarian Alps...

(1999) about Hitler, Taurus
Taurus (film)
Taurus is a 2001 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov, portraying Vladimir Lenin. It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Leonid Mozgovoy as Vladimir Lenin* Mariya Kuznetsova as Krupskaya...

(2000) about Lenin, and The Sun
The Sun (film)
The Sun is a 2005 Russian biographical film surrounding Japanese Emperor Shōwa during the final days of World War II. The film is the third drama in director Aleksandr Sokurov's trilogy following on the leaders of Russia and Germany's .-Plot:Towards the conclusion of the Second World War, Japan...

(2004) about Emperor Hirohito
Hirohito
, posthumously in Japan officially called Emperor Shōwa or , was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to...

. In 2011, Sokurov shot the last part of the series, Faust, a retelling of Goethe's tragedy
Goethe's Faust
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust is a tragic play in two parts: and . Although written as a closet drama, it is the play with the largest audience numbers on German-language stages...

. The film, depicting instincts and schemes of Faust
Faust
Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend; a highly successful scholar, but also dissatisfied with his life, and so makes a deal with the devil, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures. Faust's tale is the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical...

 in his lust for power, premiered on 8 September 2011 in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival
68th Venice International Film Festival
The 68th annual Venice Film Festival, held in Venice, Italy, took place from 31 August to 10 September 2011. American film director Darren Aronofsky was announced as the Head of the Jury. American actor and film director Al Pacino was presented with the Glory to the Film-maker award on 4 September,...

. The film won the Golden Lion
Golden Lion
Il Leone d’Oro is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes...

, the highest award of the Venice Festival. Producer Andrey Sigle said about Faust: "The film has no particular relevance to contemporary events in the world—it is set in the early 19th century—but reflects Sokurov's enduring attempts to understand man and his inner forces."

Fiction films

  • The Lonely Voice of Man
    The Lonely Voice of Man
    The Lonely Voice of Man , also known as The Lonely Human Voice, is the first full-feature film by Alexander Sokurov. It was originally filmed in 1978 and reconstructed in 1987 at the Lenfilm studios...

    (Одинокий голос человека, 1978–1987)
  • The Degraded
    The Degraded
    The Degraded is the second film by Alexander Sokurov. It was released in 1980 and is only 30 minutes long.-Background:This film was Sokurov's first feature at Lenfilm...

    (Разжалованный, 1980)
  • Mournful Unconcern (Скорбное бесчувствие, 1983–1987)
  • Empire
    Empire (1986 film)
    -Background:Empire was inspired by Lucille Fletcher's radio drama Sorry, Wrong Number. For the film, Sokurov, as often, selected a single motif from the work of inspiration - in this case it was the sickness of a woman....

    (Ампир, 1986)
  • Days of Eclipse
    Days of Eclipse
    Days of Eclipse is a 1988 Soviet film directed by Aleksandr Sokurov. Screenplay written by Yuri Arabov and Pyotr Kadochnikov based on a screenplay by Arkady Strugatsky and Boris Strugatsky and very loosely based on their novel Definitely Maybe...

    (Дни затмения, 1988)
  • Save and Protect (Спаси и сохрани, 1989)
  • The Second Circle (Круг второй, 1990)
  • Stone (Камень, 1992)
  • Whispering Pages (Тихие страницы, 1993)
  • Mother and Son
    Mother and Son (film)
    Mother and Son is a 1997 Russian film directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, depicting the relationship between an old, dying mother and her young son. It was Sokurov's first internationally acclaimed feature film, and is the first part of a trilogy that has for its subject matter the study of the drama...

    (Мать и сын, 1997)
  • Moloch
    Moloch (film)
    Moloch is a 1999 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Yuri Arabov and Marina Koreneva. It portrays Adolf Hitler as a humanized figure, living life in an unassuming manner during an abrupt journey to the Bavarian Alps...

    (Молох, 1999)
  • Taurus
    Taurus (film)
    Taurus is a 2001 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov, portraying Vladimir Lenin. It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Leonid Mozgovoy as Vladimir Lenin* Mariya Kuznetsova as Krupskaya...

    (Телец, 2000)
  • Russian Ark
    Russian Ark
    Russian Ark is a 2002 Russian historical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was filmed entirely in the Winter Palace of the Russian State Hermitage Museum using a single 96-minute Steadicam sequence shot...

    (Русский ковчег, 2002)
  • Father and Son
    Father and Son (2003 film)
    Father and Son is a 2003 Russian drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was entered into the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Andrei Shchetinin as father* Aleksei Neymyshev as Aleksei, the Son* Aleksandr Razbash as Sasha...

    (Отец и сын, 2003)
  • The Sun
    The Sun (film)
    The Sun is a 2005 Russian biographical film surrounding Japanese Emperor Shōwa during the final days of World War II. The film is the third drama in director Aleksandr Sokurov's trilogy following on the leaders of Russia and Germany's .-Plot:Towards the conclusion of the Second World War, Japan...

    (Солнце, 2004)
  • Alexandra
    Alexandra (film)
    Alexandra is a 2007 Russian film about the Second Chechen War, written and directed by Aleksandr Sokurov. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.-Critical reception:...

    (Александра, 2007)
  • Faust
    Faust (2011 film)
    Faust is a 2011 Russian film directed by Alexander Sokurov. Set in the 19th century, it is a free interpretation of the Faust legend and its literary adaptations by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Thomas Mann. The dialogue is in German...

    (Фауст, 2011)
  • Two Brothers and a Sister (TBC)

Documentaries

  • Maria (Peasant Elegy) (1978–1988)
  • Sonata for Hitler (1979–1989)
  • Sonata for Viola. Dmitri Shostakovitch (1981)
  • And Nothing More (1982–1987)
  • Evening Sacrifice (1984–1987)
  • Patience of Labour (1985–1987)
  • Elegy (1986)
  • Moscow Elegy
    Moscow Elegy
    Moscow Elegy is a 1988 documentary film directed by Alexander Sokurov, about the later life and death of Soviet Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky. The film was originally intended to mark the 50th birthday of Tarkovsky in 1982, which would have been before his death...

    (1986–1988)
  • Petersburg Elegy (1990)
  • Soviet Elegy (1990)
  • To The Events In Transcaucasia (1990)
  • A Simple Elegy (1990)
  • A Retrospection of Leningrad (1957–1990) (1990)
  • An Example of Intonation (1991)
  • Elegy from Russia (1992)
  • Soldier's Dream (1995)
  • Spiritual Voices (1995)
  • Oriental Elegy (1996)
  • Hubert Robert. A Fortunate Life (1996)
  • A Humble Life (1997)
  • The St. Petersburg Diary: Inauguration of a monument to Dostoevsky (1997)
  • The St. Petersburg Diary: Kosintsev's Flat (1998)
  • Confession (1998)
  • The Dialogues with Solzhenitsyn
    The Dialogues with Solzhenitsyn
    The Dialogues with Solzhenitsyn is a Russian television documentary by Russian filmmaker Alexander Sokurov on Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. The documentary shot in Solzhenitsyn’s home shows his everyday life and covers his reflections on Russian history and literature....

    (1998)
  • dolce… (1999)
  • Elegy of a Voyage (2001)
  • The St. Petersburg Diary: Mozart. Requiem (2004)
  • Elegy of a life: Rostropovich, Vishnevskaya (2006)

Awards

  • Locarno International Film Festival
    Locarno International Film Festival
    The Film Festival Locarno is an international film festival held annually in the city of Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. After Cannes and Venice and together with Karlovy Vary, Locarno is the Film Festival with the longest history...

    , Bronze Leopard (The Lonely Voice of Man
    The Lonely Voice of Man
    The Lonely Voice of Man , also known as The Lonely Human Voice, is the first full-feature film by Alexander Sokurov. It was originally filmed in 1978 and reconstructed in 1987 at the Lenfilm studios...

    , 1987)
  • Moscow International Film Festival
    Moscow International Film Festival
    Moscow International Film Festival , is the film festival first held in Moscow in 1959. From its inception to 1995 it was held every second year in July, alternating with the Karlovy Vary festival. The festival has been held annually since 1995....

    , FIPRESCI Award (out of competition, The Lonely Voice of Man
    The Lonely Voice of Man
    The Lonely Voice of Man , also known as The Lonely Human Voice, is the first full-feature film by Alexander Sokurov. It was originally filmed in 1978 and reconstructed in 1987 at the Lenfilm studios...

    , 1987)
  • Berlin International Film Festival
    Berlin International Film Festival
    The Berlin International Film Festival , also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading film festivals and most reputable media events. It is held in Berlin, Germany. Founded in West Berlin in 1951, the festival has been celebrated annually in February since 1978...

    , Award of the Forum special programme (Days of Eclipse
    Days of Eclipse
    Days of Eclipse is a 1988 Soviet film directed by Aleksandr Sokurov. Screenplay written by Yuri Arabov and Pyotr Kadochnikov based on a screenplay by Arkady Strugatsky and Boris Strugatsky and very loosely based on their novel Definitely Maybe...

    , 1989)
  • International Film Festival Rotterdam
    International Film Festival Rotterdam
    The International Film Festival Rotterdam is an annual film festival held in various cinemas in Rotterdam, Netherlands held at the end of January. It is approximately comparable in size to other major European festivals such as Cannes, Venice, Berlin, and Locarno...

    , FIPRESCI Award, KNF Award (Elegy, A Simple Elegy, 1991)
  • State Prize of the Russian Federation
    State Prize of the Russian Federation
    State Prize of the Russian Federation is a state honorary prize established in 1992 as the substitute for the USSR State Prize. In 2004 the rules for selection of laureates and the status of the award was significantly changed making them closer to such awards as Nobel Prize or the Soviet Lenin...

     (Mother and Son
    Mother and Son (film)
    Mother and Son is a 1997 Russian film directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, depicting the relationship between an old, dying mother and her young son. It was Sokurov's first internationally acclaimed feature film, and is the first part of a trilogy that has for its subject matter the study of the drama...

    , 1997)
  • State Prize of the Russian Federation
    State Prize of the Russian Federation
    State Prize of the Russian Federation is a state honorary prize established in 1992 as the substitute for the USSR State Prize. In 2004 the rules for selection of laureates and the status of the award was significantly changed making them closer to such awards as Nobel Prize or the Soviet Lenin...

     (Moloch
    Moloch (film)
    Moloch is a 1999 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Yuri Arabov and Marina Koreneva. It portrays Adolf Hitler as a humanized figure, living life in an unassuming manner during an abrupt journey to the Bavarian Alps...

    , Taurus
    Taurus (film)
    Taurus is a 2001 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov, portraying Vladimir Lenin. It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Leonid Mozgovoy as Vladimir Lenin* Mariya Kuznetsova as Krupskaya...

    , 2001)
  • Russian Guild of Film Critics
    Russian Guild of Film Critics
    The Russian Guild of Film Critics is a Russian organization of professional film critics. A member of FIPRESCI since 1999, the guild critiques Russian and Foreign films. Beginning in 1998, the guild began conferring annual awards in several categories...

     Prize for Best Director (Taurus
    Taurus (film)
    Taurus is a 2001 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov, portraying Vladimir Lenin. It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Leonid Mozgovoy as Vladimir Lenin* Mariya Kuznetsova as Krupskaya...

    , 2001)
  • Nika Award
    Nika Award
    The Nika Award is a prestigious annual ceremony held by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences which was established in 1987 in Moscow, Russia by Yuli Gusman, and ostensibly modelled on the Academy Awards . Russian Academy Award takes its name from Nike, the goddess of victory...

     for Best Director and Best Picture (Taurus
    Taurus (film)
    Taurus is a 2001 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov, portraying Vladimir Lenin. It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Leonid Mozgovoy as Vladimir Lenin* Mariya Kuznetsova as Krupskaya...

    , 2001)
  • Toronto International Film Festival
    Toronto International Film Festival
    The Toronto International Film Festival is a publicly-attended film festival held each September in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In 2010, 339 films from 59 countries were screened at 32 screens in downtown Toronto venues...

    , IFC Vision Award (Russian Ark
    Russian Ark
    Russian Ark is a 2002 Russian historical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was filmed entirely in the Winter Palace of the Russian State Hermitage Museum using a single 96-minute Steadicam sequence shot...

    , 2002)
  • São Paulo International Film Festival
    São Paulo International Film Festival
    The São Paulo International Film Festival is a film festival held annually in São Paulo, Brazil since 1976. In 2004 Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami was a member of the jury.-International Jury Award:*2001: The New Country ...

    , Special Award for Lifetime Achievements (2002)
  • Cannes Film Festival
    Cannes Film Festival
    The Cannes International Film Festival , is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres including documentaries from around the world. Founded in 1946, it is among the world's most prestigious and publicized film festivals...

    , FIPRESCI Award (Father and Son
    Father and Son (2003 film)
    Father and Son is a 2003 Russian drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was entered into the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.-Cast:* Andrei Shchetinin as father* Aleksei Neymyshev as Aleksei, the Son* Aleksandr Razbash as Sasha...

    , 2003)
  • Argentine Film Critics Association, The Silver Condor Award (Russian Ark
    Russian Ark
    Russian Ark is a 2002 Russian historical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. It was filmed entirely in the Winter Palace of the Russian State Hermitage Museum using a single 96-minute Steadicam sequence shot...

    , 2004)
  • Yerevan International Film Festival
    Yerevan International Film Festival
    Yerevan International Film Festival "Golden Apricot" is a Yerevan-based annual film festival. The objectives of the festival are "to present new works by the film directors and producers in Armenia and foreign cinematographers of Armenian descent and to promote creativity and originality in the...

    , Golden Apricot for Best Picture (The Sun
    The Sun (film)
    The Sun is a 2005 Russian biographical film surrounding Japanese Emperor Shōwa during the final days of World War II. The film is the third drama in director Aleksandr Sokurov's trilogy following on the leaders of Russia and Germany's .-Plot:Towards the conclusion of the Second World War, Japan...

    , 2005)
  • Locarno International Film Festival
    Locarno International Film Festival
    The Film Festival Locarno is an international film festival held annually in the city of Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. After Cannes and Venice and together with Karlovy Vary, Locarno is the Film Festival with the longest history...

    , Leopard of Honour
    Leopard of Honour
    The Leopard of Honour is a life's work achievement award at the Locarno International Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland. The award has been given out since 1989 with an exception in 2001...

     for Lifetime Achievements (2006)
  • Venice Film Festival
    Venice Film Festival
    The Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the...

    , Robert Bresson Award for spiritual search and promotion of human culture (2007)
  • Venice Film Festival
    Venice Film Festival
    The Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the...

    , Golden Lion
    Golden Lion
    Il Leone d’Oro is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes...

     for Best Picture (Faust
    Faust (2011 film)
    Faust is a 2011 Russian film directed by Alexander Sokurov. Set in the 19th century, it is a free interpretation of the Faust legend and its literary adaptations by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Thomas Mann. The dialogue is in German...

    , 2011)

External links

  • Sokurov's home page
  • The Island of Sokurov Stephen M. Norris, Russia Beyond the Headlines
    Russia Beyond the Headlines
    Russia Beyond the Headlines is a branch of Russian state-owned newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta which publishes a number of foreign-language newspaper supplements and maintains the RBTH news website. The supplements are included in international newspapers in an effort to cultivate a positive view of...

    , 23 December 2009
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