Albert III, Duke of Austria
Encyclopedia
Albert III of Austria (September 9, 1349 – August 29, 1395), known as Albert with the Pigtail (German
: Herzog Albrecht III "mit dem Copfe"), was a duke
of Austria
and a member of the House of Habsburg
.
, the 3rd son of Duke Albert II of Austria and his wife Johanna of Pfirt. Even though his father had determined that the eldest son should be the sole successor, after his father's death in 1358, Albert later inherited the rule from his two older brothers Rudolf IV and Frederick III and later shared it with his younger brother Leopold III.
In 1377, Albert went on a crusade against the pagan
Lithuanians
and Samogitians
.
After Rudolf's and Frederick's death without an heir, Albert and his remaining brother, Leopold III, entered, in 1379, into the Treaty of Neuberg
to divide the Habsburg territories. Albert received Austria proper while Leopold ruled over Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol
and Further Austria
.
His government was beneficial to the realm, as he supported the arts
and science
s. Albert was an apt scholar himself, particularly as a mathematician
. He expanded the University of Vienna
and attempted to refurbish Vienna.
Albert died in 1395 at the castle Schloss Laxenburg
. He is buried in the Ducal Crypt in the Stephansdom
cathedral in Vienna.
. This marriage was childless; his wife died at fifteen. Secondly, he married Beatrix of Nuremberg, daughter of Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen
who gave him his only son, Albert IV, who succeeded him. Elisabeth of Meissen was descended from the Babenberg
dukes of Austria.
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German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
: Herzog Albrecht III "mit dem Copfe"), was a duke
Duke
A duke or duchess is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy...
of Austria
Archduchy of Austria
The Archduchy of Austria , one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire...
and a member of the House of Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
.
Life
Albert III was born in ViennaVienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, the 3rd son of Duke Albert II of Austria and his wife Johanna of Pfirt. Even though his father had determined that the eldest son should be the sole successor, after his father's death in 1358, Albert later inherited the rule from his two older brothers Rudolf IV and Frederick III and later shared it with his younger brother Leopold III.
In 1377, Albert went on a crusade against the pagan
Paganism
Paganism is a blanket term, typically used to refer to non-Abrahamic, indigenous polytheistic religious traditions....
Lithuanians
Lithuanians
Lithuanians are the Baltic ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,765,600 people. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Russia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Their native language...
and Samogitians
Samogitians
Samogitians are a part of the Lithuanian ethnicity inhabiting the region of Samogitia in Lithuania. Many speak the Samogitian dialect of the Lithuanian language.-History:...
.
After Rudolf's and Frederick's death without an heir, Albert and his remaining brother, Leopold III, entered, in 1379, into the Treaty of Neuberg
Treaty of Neuberg
In the Treaty of Neuberg, concluded between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III on September 9, 1379 in Neuberg an der Mürz, the Habsburg lands were divided between the two brothers...
to divide the Habsburg territories. Albert received Austria proper while Leopold ruled over Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol
County of Tyrol
The County of Tyrol, Princely County from 1504, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1814 a province of the Austrian Empire and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary...
and Further Austria
Further Austria
Further Austria or Anterior Austria was the collective name for the old possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-western Germany, including territories in the Alsace region west of the Rhine and in Vorarlberg, after the focus of the Habsburgs had moved to the...
.
His government was beneficial to the realm, as he supported the arts
ARts
aRts, which stands for analog Real time synthesizer, is an audio framework that is no longer under development. It is best known for previously being used in KDE to simulate an analog synthesizer....
and science
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
s. Albert was an apt scholar himself, particularly as a mathematician
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
. He expanded the University of Vienna
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
and attempted to refurbish Vienna.
Albert died in 1395 at the castle Schloss Laxenburg
Schloss Laxenburg
Laxenburg castles are imperial palaces and castles outside Vienna, in the town of Laxenburg, Lower Austria. The castles became a Habsburg possession in 1333 and formerly served as a summer retreat, along with Schönbrunn palace, for the imperial Habsburg dynasty. Blauer Hof Palace was the birthplace...
. He is buried in the Ducal Crypt in the Stephansdom
Stephansdom
St. Stephen's Cathedral is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna and the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, OP...
cathedral in Vienna.
Family and children
Albert III was married twice. The first marriage, after 19 March 1366, was with Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358-1373), daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman EmperorCharles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....
. This marriage was childless; his wife died at fifteen. Secondly, he married Beatrix of Nuremberg, daughter of Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen
Elisabeth of Meissen
Elisabeth of Meissen, Burgravine of Nuremberg was the daughter of Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen and Mathilde of Bavaria and a member of the House of Wettin.-Marriage and children:...
who gave him his only son, Albert IV, who succeeded him. Elisabeth of Meissen was descended from the Babenberg
Babenberg
Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, an apparent branch of the Babenbergs or Babenberger went on to rule Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976–1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg.-One or two families:...
dukes of Austria.
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