Albert Fraenkel (1848-1916)
Encyclopedia
Albert Fraenkel was a German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...

.

He received his education at the gymnasium (school)
Gymnasium (school)
A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...

 of his native town and at the University of Berlin, whence he graduated as doctor of medicine
Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...

 in 1870. After having been assistant to Kussmaul, Ludwig Traube
Ludwig Traube (physician)
Ludwig Traube was a German physician and co-founder of the experimental pathology in Germany.-Biography:...

 and Von Leyden in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

, he settled in the German capital, becoming lecturer
Lecturer
Lecturer is an academic rank. In the United Kingdom, lecturer is a position at a university or similar institution, often held by academics in their early career stages, who lead research groups and supervise research students, as well as teach...

 at the university in 1877. He was a nephew of Traube, the third volume of whose "Gesammelte Beiträge zur Pathologic und Physiologic" he published in 1878. Fraenkel received the title of Professor in 1884, and became director of the medical department of the Am Urbanplatz Hospital, Berlin.

Literary works

Following in the footsteps of Traube, Fraenkel's first works were on experimental pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....

, among them being the following:
  • "Ueber den Einfluss der Verminderten Sauerstoffzufuhr zu den Geweben auf den Eiweiszerfall ", in Virchow's "Archiv," vol. lxvii;
  • with Von Leyden, "Ueber die Grösse der Kohlensäureausscheidung im Fieber", ib. vol. lxxvi;
  • with J. Geppert, "Ueber die Wirkungen der Verdünnten Luft auf den Organismus", Berlin, 1873;


After becoming lecturer at the university his field of special research was the disease
Disease
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune...

s of the lungs and the heart
Heart
The heart is a myogenic muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system , that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions...

. Of his essays and works in this area may be mentioned:
  • "Bakteriologische Mittheilungen über die Actiologie der Pneumonie", in "Zeitsch. für Klinische Medizin", vols. x. and xi., in which essay he was the first to expound the theory of the micrococci of pneumonia
    Pneumonia
    Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—especially affecting the microscopic air sacs —associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air space on a chest X-ray. Pneumonia is typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes...

    ;
  • "Pathologie und Therapie der Krankheiten des Respirationsapparates", 1890-1902;
  • "Ueber Septikopyümische Erkrankungen, Speciell Akute Dermatomyositis", 1894;
  • "Ueber Akute Leukämie", 1895;
  • "Zur Pathologischen Anatomie des Bronchialasthma", 1898.
  • His writings have appeared in the "Charité Annalen", "Zeitschrift für Klinische Medizin", "Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift", and "Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
    The Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift is a German medical journal established in 1875 by Paul Börner...

    ".
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