Al-Mu'tadid
Encyclopedia
Al-Mu'tadid was the Abbasid
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region....

 Caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word   which means "successor" or "representative"...

 in Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...

 from 892 to 902. As the son and heir of the powerful vizier and virtual regent Al-Muwaffaq
Al-Muwaffaq (vizier)
Abu Ahmad ibn al-Mutawakkil , better known as al-Muwaffaq , was the brother and regent of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tamid....

 (d. 891), Mu'tadid was already in possession of supreme power even before he was appointed Caliph, and continued as Caliph to ably administer the Government. Egypt returned to his allegiance.

In Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the...

, the Caliph and his son were long engaged in a campaign against the Kharijites
Kharijites
Kharijites is a general term embracing various Muslims who, while initially supporting the authority of the final Rashidun Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law and cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, then later rejected his leadership...

. In the end this region, which had long been disturbed, partly by rebel bands, partly by the rivalry between Egyptian and Imperial generals, was for the time restored to order.

Al-Mu'tadid was a brave and energetic ruler. He was so tolerant towards Shi'a community that when a heavy largess was sent to them by the prince of Tabaristan, he was not displeased, as his predecessors would have been; but only commanded that it should be done openly. Towards the Umayyad
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...

 race he was not so just. He even went so far as to have them cursed in the public prayers. He had a volume of their misdeeds rehearsed from the pulpit, and forbade all favorable mention of them in debate at the clubs and religious gatherings. Baghdad was scandalized at this treatment; and in the end the Caliph withdrew his abusive commands. Al-Mu'tadid was also cruel in his punishments, some of which are not surpassed by those of his predecessors. For example, a rebel, admitted to pardon, but afterwards found tampering with the army, was bound to a stake and, after being scorched with fire, taken down, beheaded, and the body impaled on the great bridge. The Kharijite leader at Mosul, who fell by treachery into his hands, was paraded about Baghdad clothed in a robe of silk (the wearing of which Kharijites denounced as sinful) and then crucified.

After a prosperous reign of nearly ten years, al-Mu'tadid died; and al-Muktafi
Al-Muktafi
Al-Muktafi was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 902 to 908. He was the son of the previous Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, by a Turkish slave-girl. In command of ar Raqqah at the time of his father's death, he at once returned to the Capital, where he became a favorite of the people for his generosity,...

, his son by a Turkish slave-girl, succeeded to the throne.
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