Adrien Loir
Encyclopedia
Adrien Loir was a French bacteriologist who was born in Lyon
. He was a nephew of Louis Pasteur
, and for much of his career was associated with the Pasteur Institute
.
From 1882 to 1888 Loir was an assistant in Pasteur's laboratory in Paris
, where he performed research on swine fever. In 1886 he installed the first anti-rabies
clinic in Saint Petersburg
. Between 1888 and 1893 he made two journeys to Australia to research anthrax
and pleropneumonia
. While there he investigated the use of chicken cholera
bacillus
in an attempt to eradicate the country's rabbit infestation.
In 1893 he founded the Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, and for several years was a professor of hygiene
and bacteriology
at the colonial school in Tunis
. In 1906 he traveled to Canada where he demonstrated that the equine disease, dourine is caused by the parasite trypanosoma equiperdum
.
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
. He was a nephew of Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccine for rabies and anthrax. His experiments...
, and for much of his career was associated with the Pasteur Institute
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax...
.
From 1882 to 1888 Loir was an assistant in Pasteur's laboratory in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, where he performed research on swine fever. In 1886 he installed the first anti-rabies
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...
clinic in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
. Between 1888 and 1893 he made two journeys to Australia to research anthrax
Anthrax
Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Most forms of the disease are lethal, and it affects both humans and other animals...
and pleropneumonia
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia , is a contagious bacterial disease that afflicts the lungs of cattle, buffalo, zebu, and yaks....
. While there he investigated the use of chicken cholera
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission occurs primarily by drinking or eating water or food that has been contaminated by the diarrhea of an infected person or the feces...
bacillus
Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species...
in an attempt to eradicate the country's rabbit infestation.
In 1893 he founded the Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, and for several years was a professor of hygiene
Hygiene
Hygiene refers to the set of practices perceived by a community to be associated with the preservation of health and healthy living. While in modern medical sciences there is a set of standards of hygiene recommended for different situations, what is considered hygienic or not can vary between...
and bacteriology
Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the study of bacteria. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species...
at the colonial school in Tunis
Tunis
Tunis is the capital of both the Tunisian Republic and the Tunis Governorate. It is Tunisia's largest city, with a population of 728,453 as of 2004; the greater metropolitan area holds some 2,412,500 inhabitants....
. In 1906 he traveled to Canada where he demonstrated that the equine disease, dourine is caused by the parasite trypanosoma equiperdum
Trypanosoma equiperdum
Trypanosoma equiperdum is a protozoan that causes Dourine, or covering sickness, in horses and other animals in the family equidae. The donkey shows no symptoms but is a carrier of this parasite. Unlike other species of Trypanosoma, this parasite can be sexually transmitted, also mother foal...
.
Written works
- L'Institut pasteur d'Australie, La Nature 9 July 1892 & 30 July 1892
- Chez les aborigènes australiens, La Nature 23 June 1893 & 15 July 1893
- Les lapins en Australie, La Nature 19 August 1893
- Histoire des épidémies de peste à Tunis. Revue scientifique 4ème série - Tome XIII 29 March 1900
- La destruction des termites dans les pays tropicaux, La Nature 11 July 1903
- Nouveau procédé de désinfection des bateaux : L'appareil clayton, La Nature 5 September 1903
- La main-d'œuvre dans les mines d'or du sud de l'Afrique : La bière des cafres, La Nature 24 October 1903
- Le chemin de fer du Cap au Caire, La Nature 28 November 1903
- À l’ombre de Pasteur, éd. Le mouvement sanitaire, 1938