Adolana Wadera
Encyclopedia
Adolana Wadera is one of the 180 woreda
s in the Oromia Region
of Ethiopia
. Part of the Borena Zone
, Adolana Wadera is bordered on the south by Liben
, on the southwest by Odo Shakiso
, on the west by Bore
, on the north by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, and on the east by the Bale Zone
. However, the map of the Oromia Region published by Disaster Prevention and Disaster Agency shows that this woreda is part of the Guji Zone
. The administrative center of this woreda is Wadera
; other towns in Adolana Wadera include Kebri Mangest
.
and the Awata. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 33% is arable (24% was under cultivation), 30% pasture, 20% forest
, and the remaining 17% is considered swampy, degraded or otherwise unusable. State forests include Wadera, Zenbaba and Anferara. Khat
, banana
s and enset are important cash crops. Coffee
is also an important cash crop; over 5,000 hectares are planted with it.
Industry in the woreda includes 19 grain mills, 3 metal works, 2 wood works, and 4 government-owned saw mills. While deposits of gold
, nickel
, kaolinite
, chromium
, and graphite
have been identified in this woreda, only the gold deposits have been commercially exploited. The gold mine near Kebre Mangest has historically been the most important gold mine in Ethiopia since its opening in 1941. There were 43 Farmers Associations with 29,438 members and 9 Farmers Service Cooperatives; about 75% of the farmers are pastoralists. Adolana Wadera has 45 kilometers of dry-weather and 110 of all-weather road, for an average road density of 50.9 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 7.4% of the rural and 28.8% of the urban population has access to drinking water
.
Adolana Wadera was one of four woredas that suffered from a wildfire
that was started 10 February 2000 but was not brought under control until 7 April, after it had burned a total of 70,000 hectares.
in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 194,574, of whom 95,722 are men and 98,852 women; 43,052 or 22.13% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 11.6%. With an estimated area of 3,064.22 square kilometers, Adolana Wadera has an estimated population density of 63.5 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 21.09.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 134,343, of whom 68,174 were men and 66,169 women; 24,048 or 17.9% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Adolana Wadera were the Oromo
(86.14%), the Amhara
(6.92%), the Gedeo
(2.24%), the Silt'e
(1.17%), and the Soddo Gurage (0.91%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.62% of the population. Oromiffa
was spoken as a first language by 82.77%, 13.22% spoke Amharic
and 2.01% spoke Gedeo
; the remaining 2% spoke all other primary languages reported. The plurality of the inhabitants were Protestant
, with 37.45% of the population having reported they practiced that belief, while 23.7% of the population said they were Muslim
, 20.44% professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 9.63% practiced traditional beliefs, and 3.8% were Catholic
.
Woreda
Woreda is an administrative division of Ethiopia , equivalent to a district . Woredas are composed of a number of Kebele, or neighborhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia...
s in the Oromia Region
Oromia Region
Oromia is one of the nine ethnic divisions of Ethiopia...
of Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
. Part of the Borena Zone
Borena Zone
Borena is one of the 17 zones of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Borena is named after a tribe of the Oromo people. Borena is bordered on the south by Kenya, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, on the north by Guji and on the east by the Somali Region. The...
, Adolana Wadera is bordered on the south by Liben
Liben, Oromia (woreda)
Liben is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Guji Zone, Liben is bordered on the south by the Dawa River which separates it from the Borena Zone, on the west by Odo Shakiso, on the northwest by Adolana Wadera, on the north by the Ganale Dorya River which separates...
, on the southwest by Odo Shakiso
Odo Shakiso
Odo Shakiso is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Guji Zone, Odo Shakiso is bordered on the south by the Dawa River which separates it from Arero, on the west by Hagere Mariam, on the northeast by Uraga, on the north by Bore, on the northeast by Adolana Wadera, and...
, on the west by Bore
Bore (woreda)
Bore is a small town in Gujii Zone, Oromia region, Located 385 Km south of Addis Ababa . Bore district is bordered on the south by Annaa Sorraa, on the west by Uraagaa, on the north and the east by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region...
, on the north by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, and on the east by the Bale Zone
Bale Zone
Bale is one of the 17 zones in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Bale is named for the former kingdom of Bale, which was in approximately the same area...
. However, the map of the Oromia Region published by Disaster Prevention and Disaster Agency shows that this woreda is part of the Guji Zone
Guji Zone
Guji is one of the 17 zones of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Guji is named after a tribe of the Oromo people. Guji is bordered on the south by Borena, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, on the north by the Ganale Dorya River which separates it from Bale and on...
. The administrative center of this woreda is Wadera
Wadera, Ethiopia
Wadera is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Borena Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an altitude of 1787 meters above sea level. It is named after the nearby Wadera Forest. Wadera is the administrative center of Adolana Wadera woreda.Wadera is...
; other towns in Adolana Wadera include Kebri Mangest
Kebri Mangest
Kebri Mangest is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Borena Zone of the Oromia Region, it has a latitude and longitude of with an altitude of 1758 meters above sea level....
.
Overview
The altitude of this woreda ranges from 1500 to 2500 meters above sea level; Maleka Gudiba Wadera Tule is the highest point. Rivers include the Ganale DoryaGanale Dorya River
The Ganale Dorya River is a perennial river in southeastern Ethiopia. Rising in the mountains east of Aleta Wendo, the Dawa flows south and east to join with the Dawa at the border with Somalia to become the Jubba. Tributaries include the Welmel, Weyib , Dumale, Doya, Hawas and the Hambala...
and the Awata. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 33% is arable (24% was under cultivation), 30% pasture, 20% forest
Forestry in Ethiopia
In the late nineteenth century, about 30% of Ethiopia was covered with forest. The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. The northern parts of the highlands...
, and the remaining 17% is considered swampy, degraded or otherwise unusable. State forests include Wadera, Zenbaba and Anferara. Khat
Khat
Khat, qat, gat or Waquish Spoken from true Yemeni, is a flowering plant native to tropical East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula....
, banana
Banana
Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. Bananas come in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and red....
s and enset are important cash crops. Coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
is also an important cash crop; over 5,000 hectares are planted with it.
Industry in the woreda includes 19 grain mills, 3 metal works, 2 wood works, and 4 government-owned saw mills. While deposits of gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
, nickel
Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...
, kaolinite
Kaolinite
Kaolinite is a clay mineral, part of the group of industrial minerals, with the chemical composition Al2Si2O54. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina octahedra...
, chromium
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...
, and graphite
Graphite
The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal...
have been identified in this woreda, only the gold deposits have been commercially exploited. The gold mine near Kebre Mangest has historically been the most important gold mine in Ethiopia since its opening in 1941. There were 43 Farmers Associations with 29,438 members and 9 Farmers Service Cooperatives; about 75% of the farmers are pastoralists. Adolana Wadera has 45 kilometers of dry-weather and 110 of all-weather road, for an average road density of 50.9 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 7.4% of the rural and 28.8% of the urban population has access to drinking water
Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia
Access to water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia is amongst the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire world. While access has increased substantially with funding from external aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving the share of people...
.
Adolana Wadera was one of four woredas that suffered from a wildfire
Wildfire
A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area. Other names such as brush fire, bushfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, squirrel fire, vegetation fire, veldfire, and wilkjjofire may be used to describe the same...
that was started 10 February 2000 but was not brought under control until 7 April, after it had burned a total of 70,000 hectares.
Demographics
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical AgencyCentral Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)
The Central Statistical Agency is an agency of the government of Ethiopia designated to provide all surveys and censuses for that country used to monitor economic and social growth, as well as to act as an official training center in that field. It is part of the Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and...
in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 194,574, of whom 95,722 are men and 98,852 women; 43,052 or 22.13% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 11.6%. With an estimated area of 3,064.22 square kilometers, Adolana Wadera has an estimated population density of 63.5 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 21.09.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 134,343, of whom 68,174 were men and 66,169 women; 24,048 or 17.9% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Adolana Wadera were the Oromo
Oromo people
The Oromo are an ethnic group found in Ethiopia, northern Kenya, .and parts of Somalia. With 30 million members, they constitute the single largest ethnic group in Ethiopia and approximately 34.49% of the population according to the 2007 census...
(86.14%), the Amhara
Amhara people
Amhara are a highland people inhabiting the Northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Numbering about 19.8 million people, they comprise 26% of the country's population, according to the 2007 national census...
(6.92%), the Gedeo
Gedeo people
The Gedeo are an ethnic group in southern Ethiopia. The Gedeo Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region is named for this people...
(2.24%), the Silt'e
Silt'e people
The Silt'e people are an ethnic group in southern Ethiopia. They inhabit today's Silt'e Zone which is part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region. A considerable number of Silt'e live in Addis Ababa, Adama and other cities and smaller urban centres of southern Ethiopia where...
(1.17%), and the Soddo Gurage (0.91%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.62% of the population. Oromiffa
Oromo language
Oromo, also known as Afaan Oromo, Oromiffa, Afan Boran, Afan Orma, and sometimes in other languages by variant spellings of these names , is an Afro-Asiatic language, and the most widely spoken of the Cushitic family. Forms of Oromo are spoken as a first language by more than 25 million Oromo and...
was spoken as a first language by 82.77%, 13.22% spoke Amharic
Amharic language
Amharic is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. It is the second most-spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic, and the official working language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Thus, it has official status and is used nationwide. Amharic is also the official or working...
and 2.01% spoke Gedeo
Gedeo language
Gedeo is the name of a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family spoken in south central Ethiopia. Alternate names for the language include Derasa, Deresa, Darassa, Geddeo, Derasanya, Darasa. It is spoken by the Gedeo people, who live in the highland area, southwest of Dila and...
; the remaining 2% spoke all other primary languages reported. The plurality of the inhabitants were Protestant
P'ent'ay
P'ent'ay or Pentay is a slang term widely used in modern Ethiopia, and among Ethiopians living abroad, to describe Ethiopian Christians who are not members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo, Ethiopian Orthodox Tehadeso, Roman Catholic or Ethiopian Catholic churches...
, with 37.45% of the population having reported they practiced that belief, while 23.7% of the population said they were Muslim
Islam in Ethiopia
According to the latest 2007 national census, Islam is the second most widely practised religion in Ethiopia after Christianity, with over 25 million of Ethiopians adhering to Islam according to the 2007 national census, having arrived in Ethiopia in 615...
, 20.44% professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 9.63% practiced traditional beliefs, and 3.8% were Catholic
Roman Catholicism in Ethiopia
The Catholic Church in Ethiopia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.The Ethiopian Catholic Church, the primary organization of Catholicism in the country, is especially close to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose doctrine and...
.