Adjud
Encyclopedia
Adjud is a city in Vrancea County
, Moldavia
, Romania
. It has a population of 17,585 inhabitants (2002). It lies at a railway junction which has a classification yard
and a passenger station. Adjud, situated north of the point where the Trotuş enters the Siret River
, used to be a marketplace.
The city administers three villages: Adjudu Vechi, Burcioaia and Şişcani.
. The surrounding land is favorable for agriculture.
Geological research findings show the city's subsoil having layers of gravel and sand Levantine and Quaternary, forming significant hydrological aquifers deposits fed by the Trotuş and Siret
rivers and direct rainfalls.
The climate is temperate with annual average temperature of 8-10 °C (50 °F) and an average rainfall of 500 mm / m a year. It is characterized by prevailing northwinds with winds from the south and south-east in the hot season. Due to its location at the junction of the provinces Moldavia
, Wallachia
and Transylvania
, it has been an important road and railway junction since ancient times. The town's area was of 5911 ha in 1997, out of which 105 ha was covered by buildings and yards.
was discovered which dates roughly to the second millennium BC and belongs to Monteoru culture. Geto-Dacian vestiges of 5th century BC were also found here.
The first mention of the town is made by its Hungarian
name Egyedhalma (“in oppido nostro Egydhalm” meaning "in our city Gilles’ Hill") in a Latin language document from 1433 where Iliaş of Moldavia
granted commercial privileges to Transylvanian Saxon merchants. The Romanian name derives from the Hungarian one. The original name supports the idea that the town was esteblished by Hungarian Csángó
s settled in Moldavia as part of a systematic Hungarian imperial policy to settle Hungarian and partly German population in places of strategic economic, commercial and military importance with the task to control and defend the eastern frontier of Hungary. It was declared a city in 1948.
As to religious makeup, most respondents were of the Orthodox
religion (16,692 persons or 94.92%). The second largest community was the Roman Catholic one, with 408 or 2.32% of the population. Pentecostals totalled 234 followers or 1.33% while other denominations were represented by less than 1%.
E 85 for a length of 11 km, from km 226 at the Trotuş Bridge up to 237 km to Bacău
running in downtown for a section of 3 km. It is also crossed by the national road 11A, from the agro-food market towards Oneşti
- Bacău
, for a length of 4 km from km 37 + 450 to km 33 + 450. The national road E 85 branches out to Adjudu Vechi, while 11A goes to Bârlad
, from km 42 to 46, for a length of 4 km running in the downtown area for a section of 1.5 km.
Vrancea County
Vrancea is a county in Romania, with its seat at Focşani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia.-Demographics:...
, Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
. It has a population of 17,585 inhabitants (2002). It lies at a railway junction which has a classification yard
Classification yard
A classification yard or marshalling yard is a railroad yard found at some freight train stations, used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks. First the cars are taken to a track, sometimes called a lead or a drill...
and a passenger station. Adjud, situated north of the point where the Trotuş enters the Siret River
Siret River
The Siret or Sireth is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of Ukraine, and flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins the Danube...
, used to be a marketplace.
The city administers three villages: Adjudu Vechi, Burcioaia and Şişcani.
Geography
Adjud is situated on a plain and is surrounded by hills up to a height of 400 meters at the foot of the southern Carpathians. The average altitude of the town is 100 m above sea levelAbove mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
. The surrounding land is favorable for agriculture.
Geological research findings show the city's subsoil having layers of gravel and sand Levantine and Quaternary, forming significant hydrological aquifers deposits fed by the Trotuş and Siret
Siret
Siret is a town in Romania, Suceava County, one of the oldest towns in, and a former capital of, the former principality of Moldavia. It is located 2 km from the border with Ukraine, being one of the main border passing points in the North of the country, having both a road border post and a...
rivers and direct rainfalls.
The climate is temperate with annual average temperature of 8-10 °C (50 °F) and an average rainfall of 500 mm / m a year. It is characterized by prevailing northwinds with winds from the south and south-east in the hot season. Due to its location at the junction of the provinces Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
, Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
and Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
, it has been an important road and railway junction since ancient times. The town's area was of 5911 ha in 1997, out of which 105 ha was covered by buildings and yards.
History
In the northern part of the town a settlement from the Bronze AgeBronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
was discovered which dates roughly to the second millennium BC and belongs to Monteoru culture. Geto-Dacian vestiges of 5th century BC were also found here.
The first mention of the town is made by its Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
name Egyedhalma (“in oppido nostro Egydhalm” meaning "in our city Gilles’ Hill") in a Latin language document from 1433 where Iliaş of Moldavia
Ilias of Moldavia
Iliaş or Ilie I was Prince of Moldavia twice: in January 1432–October 1433 and with his brother Stephen II in August 1435–May 1443....
granted commercial privileges to Transylvanian Saxon merchants. The Romanian name derives from the Hungarian one. The original name supports the idea that the town was esteblished by Hungarian Csángó
Csángó
The Csango people are a Hungarian ethnographic group of Roman Catholic faith living mostly in the Romanian region of Moldavia, especially in the Bacău County...
s settled in Moldavia as part of a systematic Hungarian imperial policy to settle Hungarian and partly German population in places of strategic economic, commercial and military importance with the task to control and defend the eastern frontier of Hungary. It was declared a city in 1948.
Population
According to the 2002 census, Adjud had a population of 17,585. The ethnic structure was:- Romanians: 17,073 (97.08%)
- Roma: 499 (2.83%)
- Other ethnic groups: 0.09%
As to religious makeup, most respondents were of the Orthodox
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...
religion (16,692 persons or 94.92%). The second largest community was the Roman Catholic one, with 408 or 2.32% of the population. Pentecostals totalled 234 followers or 1.33% while other denominations were represented by less than 1%.
Road
Adjud municipality is crossed by the National roadNational Road
The National Road or Cumberland Road was the first major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. Construction began heading west in 1811 at Cumberland, Maryland, on the Potomac River. It crossed the Allegheny Mountains and southwestern Pennsylvania, reaching...
E 85 for a length of 11 km, from km 226 at the Trotuş Bridge up to 237 km to Bacău
Bacau
Bacău is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. It covers a land surface of 43 km², and, as of January 1, 2009, has an estimated population of 177,087. The city is situated in the historical region of Moldavia, at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the Bistriţa River...
running in downtown for a section of 3 km. It is also crossed by the national road 11A, from the agro-food market towards Oneşti
Onesti
Onești is a city in Bacău County, Romania, with a population of 51,681 inhabitants.Administratively, the villages of Slobozia and Borzești form part of Onești...
- Bacău
Bacau
Bacău is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. It covers a land surface of 43 km², and, as of January 1, 2009, has an estimated population of 177,087. The city is situated in the historical region of Moldavia, at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the Bistriţa River...
, for a length of 4 km from km 37 + 450 to km 33 + 450. The national road E 85 branches out to Adjudu Vechi, while 11A goes to Bârlad
Bârlad
Bârlad is a city in Vaslui County, Romania. It lies on the banks of the Bârlad River, which waters the high plains of eastern Moldavia....
, from km 42 to 46, for a length of 4 km running in the downtown area for a section of 1.5 km.
Notable persons
- Dan Botta (1907–1958), poet, essayist
- Emil BottaEmil BottaEmil Botta was a Romanian actor and writer.Botta's acting career ended as a result of his heavy drinking...
(1911–1977), poet, writer and actor, brother of Dan Botta - George Balş (1868–1934), engineer and art historian
- Ion Dichiseanu (1933), actor
- Angela GheorghiuAngela GheorghiuAngela Gheorghiu is a Romanian soprano opera singer. Since her professional debut in 1990, she has sung as soprano leading roles at New York's Metropolitan Opera, Covent Garden's Royal Opera House, the Vienna State Opera, Milan's La Scala, and many other opera houses in Europe and the United States...
(1965), soprano - Nelly MiricioiuNelly MiricioiuNelly Miricioiu is a British operatic soprano of Romanian birth, one of the most versatile artists of recent years, singing a large repertoire ranging from bel canto to verismo with equal success.-Biography:...
(1952), soprano - Viorel Simion (1954), architect