The Adamawa Emirate is a traditional state located in Fumbina, what is now the Adamawa State

Adamawa State

Adamawa is a state in northeastern Nigeria, with its capital at Yola. It was formed in 1991 from part of Gongola State with four administrative divisions namely: Adamawa, Ganye, Mubi and Numan. It is one of the thirty-six States which constitute the Federal Republic of Nigeria.-Geography:Adamawa...

, Nigeria

Nigeria

Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...

, and previously also in the three northern provinces of Cameroon

Cameroon

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...

 (Far North

Far North Province

The Far North Region , also known as the Extreme North Region , is the northernmost constituent province of the Republic of Cameroon. It borders the North Region to the south, Chad to the east, and Nigeria to the west. The capital is Maroua.The province is one of Cameroon's most culturally diverse...

, North

North Province (Cameroon)

The North Region makes up 66,090 km² of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon. Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north, the Adamawa Region to the south, Nigeria to the west, Chad to the east, and Central African Republic to the southeast...

, and Adamawa

Adamawa Province

The Adamawa Region is a constituent region of the Republic of Cameroon. It borders the Centre and East regions to the south, the Northwest and West regions to the southwest, Nigeria to the west, the Central African Republic to the east, and the North Region to the north.This mountainous area...

). It was founded by Modibo Adama

Modibo Adama

Adama bi Ardo Hassana , more commonly known as Modibo Adama, was a Fulani scholar and holy warrior. He led a jihad into the region of Fumbina , opening the region for Fulani colonisation...

, a commander of Sheikh Usman dan Fodio

Usman dan Fodio

Shaihu Usman dan Fodio , born Usuman ɓii Foduye, was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic promoter. Dan Fodio was one of a class of urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa States in what is today northern Nigeria...

, the man who began the Fulani jihad in 1809. The capital was moved several times until it settled in Yola, Nigeria

Yola, Nigeria

Yola is the capital city and administrative center of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Located on the Benue River, it has a population of 88,500 . Established in 1841, Yola was the capital of a Fulani state until it was taken by the British in 1901. Daytime temperatures can easily exceed during the dry...

 in 1841. At the time of Adama's death his realm encompassed parts of modern Nigeria and much of north Cameroon

Cameroon

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...

. It was technically part of the Fulani Empire

Fulani Empire

The Sokoto Caliphate is an Islamic spiritual community in Nigeria, led by the Sultan of Sokoto, Sa’adu Abubakar. Founded during the Fulani Jihad in 1809 by Usuman dan Fodio, it was one of the most powerful empires in sub-Saharan Africa prior to European conquest and colonization...

, and it had to pay a tribute to the leaders in Sokoto

Sokoto

Sokoto is a city located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2006 it has a population of 427,760...

.

Rulers

Rulers of the Adamawa Emirate, who took the title "Baban-Lamido":

Start	End	Ruler
1809	1847	Modibo Adama bi Ardo Hasana (b. c.1771 - d. 1848)
1847		Hamidu bi Adama Regent (d. c.1872)
1847	1872	Muhammadu Lawal bi Adama (b. c.1797 - d. 1872)
1872	1890	Umaru Sanda bi Adama (d. 1890)
1890	8 September 1901	Zubayru bi Adama (d. 1903)
8 September 1901	1909	Baba Ahmadu bi Adama (d. 1916)
1909	1910	Muhammad Yarima Iya bi Sanda
1910	23 August 1924	Muhammad Abba bi Baba Ahmadu (d. 1924)
1924	1928	Muhammad Bello "Mai Gari" bi Ahmadu "Boboa" (d. 1928)
1928	1946	Muhammad Mustafa bi Muhammad Abba (b. 1900 - d. 1946)
1946	June 1953	Yarima Ahmadu bi Muhammad Bello
26 July 1953	13 March 2010	Aliyu Mustafa bi Muhammad Mustafa (b. 1922 - d. 2010)
18 March 2010		Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa was turbaned on 18 March 2010 as the traditional ruler, or Lamido, of the Adamawa Emirate in Adamawa State in northeastern Nigeria.... (b. 1944)