Acrylate polymers
Encyclopedia
An acrylate polymer belongs to a group of polymer
s which could be referred to generally as plastic
s. They are noted for their transparency and resistance to breakage and elasticity. Also commonly known as acrylics or polyacrylates.
Typical acrylate
monomer
s used to form acrylate polymers are: acrylic acid
, methyl methacrylate
and acrylonitrile
.
whose main component is acrylic acid
alkylester
(ethyl
or butyl ester). Acrylic elastomer has characteristics of heat and oil
resistance.
It is divided into old type and new type: Old types include ACM (copolymer of acrylic acid ester and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether) containing chlorine and ANM (copolymer of acrylic acid ester and acrylonitrile) without chloride.
Other than the slightly better water resistance of ANM, there are no physical differences; even processability is poor for both types. Since prices are also high, demand is not so high vis-à-vis the characteristics. On the other hand, the new type of acrylic rubber does not contain any chlorine despite its unclear chemical composition. Processability has been improved, and most of tackiness to rolls as well as staining problems related to molds have been solved.
Major characteristics of acrylic rubber include heat resistance and oil resistance; it can endure a temperature of 170 ~ 180℃ under dry heat or in oil. Since it does not have a double bond, acrylic rubber also boasts of good weatherability and ozone resistance.
Its cold resistance is not that good, however. The saturation point is -15℃ for the old type and -28 ~ -30℃ for the new type. In terms of vulcanization, the standard method for the old type is amine vulcanization. To minimize permanent deformation, the old type requires curing for 24 hours under a temperature of 150℃. On the other hand, for the new type, the press curing time and follow-up vulcanization time are significantly reduced by combining metal soap and sulfur. It has no special characteristics. The rebound resilience and abrasion resistance of the new type are poor, and even its electrical characteristics are considerably poor compared with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and butyl rubber.
The materials are used mainly for oil seals and packagings related to automobiles.
Polymer
A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units. These subunits are typically connected by covalent chemical bonds...
s which could be referred to generally as plastic
Plastic
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids used in the manufacture of industrial products. Plastics are typically polymers of high molecular mass, and may contain other substances to improve performance and/or reduce production costs...
s. They are noted for their transparency and resistance to breakage and elasticity. Also commonly known as acrylics or polyacrylates.
Typical acrylate
Acrylate
The acrylate ion is the ion of acrylic acid.Acrylates are the salts and esters of acrylic acid. They are also known as propenoates ....
monomer
Monomer
A monomer is an atom or a small molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer; the term "monomeric protein" may also be used to describe one of the proteins making up a multiprotein complex...
s used to form acrylate polymers are: acrylic acid
Acrylic acid
Acrylic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCO2H. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols,...
, methyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CCOOCH3. This colourless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly .-Production:...
and acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula C3H3N. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities. It is an important monomer for the manufacture of useful plastics. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group linked to a nitrile...
.
Monomers
Other examples of acrylate monomers are:- Methacrylates
- methyl acrylateMethyl acrylateMethyl acrylate is a volatile chemical compound classified as a methyl ester. It has a characteristic acrid odor used in the preparation of polyamidoamine dendrimers typically by Michael addition with a primary amine....
- ethyl acrylateEthyl acrylateEthyl acrylate is an organic compound primarily used in the preparation of various polymers. It is a clear liquid with an acrid penetrating odor. The human nose is capable of detecting this odor at a thousand times lower concentration than is considered harmful if continuously exposed for some...
- 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
- 2-ethylhexyl acrylate,
- hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- butyl acrylate
- butyl methacrylate
- TMPTATMPTATMPTA is trimethylolpropane triacrylate, is a trifunctional monomer used in manufacture of plastic, adhesive, acrylic glue, anaerobic sealant, Ink is useful in the low volatility and fast cure response. It has the property of resistance against weather, chemical, water and abrasion...
.
Acrylic elastomers
Acrylic elastomer is a general term for a type of synthetic rubberSynthetic rubber
Synthetic rubber is is any type of artificial elastomer, invariably a polymer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation...
whose main component is acrylic acid
Acrylic acid
Acrylic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCO2H. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols,...
alkylester
Ester
Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...
(ethyl
Ethyl group
In chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl substituent derived from ethane . It has the formula -C2H5 and is very often abbreviated -Et.Ethylation is the formation of a compound by introduction of the ethyl functional group, C2H5....
or butyl ester). Acrylic elastomer has characteristics of heat and oil
Oil
An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils....
resistance.
It is divided into old type and new type: Old types include ACM (copolymer of acrylic acid ester and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether) containing chlorine and ANM (copolymer of acrylic acid ester and acrylonitrile) without chloride.
Other than the slightly better water resistance of ANM, there are no physical differences; even processability is poor for both types. Since prices are also high, demand is not so high vis-à-vis the characteristics. On the other hand, the new type of acrylic rubber does not contain any chlorine despite its unclear chemical composition. Processability has been improved, and most of tackiness to rolls as well as staining problems related to molds have been solved.
Major characteristics of acrylic rubber include heat resistance and oil resistance; it can endure a temperature of 170 ~ 180℃ under dry heat or in oil. Since it does not have a double bond, acrylic rubber also boasts of good weatherability and ozone resistance.
Its cold resistance is not that good, however. The saturation point is -15℃ for the old type and -28 ~ -30℃ for the new type. In terms of vulcanization, the standard method for the old type is amine vulcanization. To minimize permanent deformation, the old type requires curing for 24 hours under a temperature of 150℃. On the other hand, for the new type, the press curing time and follow-up vulcanization time are significantly reduced by combining metal soap and sulfur. It has no special characteristics. The rebound resilience and abrasion resistance of the new type are poor, and even its electrical characteristics are considerably poor compared with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and butyl rubber.
The materials are used mainly for oil seals and packagings related to automobiles.
Other acrylic polymers
- Polymethyl methacrylate, an acrylate polymer familiar to consumers is the clear break resistant glassGlassGlass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...
or sheeting sold in hardware stores as acrylic glassAcrylic glassPoly is a transparent thermoplastic, often used as a light or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. It is sometimes called acrylic glass. Chemically, it is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate...
or under the trade name Plexiglas. - Polyacrylate emulsion, water-born coating, are used as binder for outdoor and indoor "latex" house paints
- Acrylic paints as artist paints
- Acrylic fibre
- Sodium polyacrylateSodium polyacrylateSodium polyacrylate, also known as waterlock, is a polymer with the chemical formula [-CH2-CH-]n widely used in consumer products. It has the ability to absorb as much as 200 to 300 times its mass in water. Acrylate polymers generally are considered to possess an anionic charge...
water soluble thickeners, a polymer for the production of the Superabsorbent polymerSuperabsorbent polymerSuperabsorbent polymers are polymers that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to their own mass....
(SAP) used in disposable diapers due to its high absorbency per unit mass - Acrylic resin as pressure-sensitive adhesive
- "Super glue" is a formulation of cyanoacrylateCyanoacrylateCyanoacrylate is the generic name for cyanoacrylate based fast-acting adhesives such as methyl 2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate , and n-butyl cyanoacrylate...
. - PVAc copolymer emulsion adhesive of vinyl acetate (VAM) and acrylic acid (VAA)
- PolyacrylamidePolyacrylamidePolyacrylamide is a polymer formed from acrylamide subunits. It can be synthesized as a simple linear-chain structure or cross-linked, typically using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide. Polyacrylamide is not toxic...
copolymer used as floculation agent in water treatment