Acharya Rajendrasuri
Encyclopedia
Acharya
Acharya
In Indian religions and society, an acharya is a guide or instructor in religious matters; founder, or leader of a sect; or a highly learned man or a title affixed to the names of learned men...

 Rajendrasuri (December 3, 1826–1906)
was the major Svetambara
Svetambara
The Śvētāmbara is one of the two main sects of Jainism, the other being the Digambar. Śvētāmbara "white-clad" is a term describing its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara "sky-clad" Jainas, whose ascetic practitioners go naked...

 Jain
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

 reformer of the 18th and 19th centuries. He was born on 3 December 1826 at Bharatpur, Rajasthan. In 1880, as the leader of the Tapa Gaccha, he led a movement to restore the orders of wandering monks, leading to near extinction of the Yati institution. He restored the shramana
Shramana
A shramana is a wandering monk in certain ascetic traditions of ancient India including Jainism, Buddhism, and Ājīvikism. Famous śramaṇas include Mahavira and Gautama Buddha....

 tradition by forming the Agama
Jain Agamas
Agamas are canonical texts of Jainism based on Mahavira’s teachings. Mahavira’s preaching were orally compiled by his disciples into various Sutras which were collectively called Jain canonical or Agamic literature. Traditionally these sutras were orally passed on from teachers to the disciples...

 or Samakit Gaccha, which is now known as the Tristutik
Tristutik
Tristutik was an origin of Tapa Gaccha of the Svetambara sect of Jainism.It was established in 1194 AD It was known as Agama Gaccha in ancient times.The Tristutik Gaccha was reformed by Acharya Rajendrasuri....

 Gaccha. He opposed the worship of gods and goddesses. He founded the Mohankheda
Mohankheda
Mohan Kheda is a Svetambara Jain tirtha situated in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh in India. Situated 47 km from Dhar on the Indore-Ahmedabad Highway, it was established by Acharya Rajendrasuri , around 1940 and is today an important Gyana kshetra or Jain center of learning aw well.This...

 as a centre for learning and a tirtha
Tirtha
In Jainism, a tīrtha |ford]], a shallow part of a body of water that may be easily crossed") is used to refer both to pilgrimage sites as well as to the four sections of the sangha...

 around 1940 in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....

.

Acharya Rajendrasuri wrote many books on Jainism, the most famous being the Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa ((lang-skt|अभिधानराजैंद्रकोश}}), which is the only available encyclopedia of Prakrit
Prakrit
Prakrit is the name for a group of Middle Indic, Indo-Aryan languages, derived from Old Indic dialects. The word itself has a flexible definition, being defined sometimes as, "original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual", or "vernacular", in contrast to the literary and religious...

, Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

, and Pali
Páli
- External links :* *...

 words used in Jain works.

Early life

Acharya Rajendrasuri was born to a the family of the businessman Rishabhadas Parakh. His birth name was Ratna Raj.

Religious life

He was Having religious bent of mind he renounced the worldly life and was initiated as Jain yati by Hemavijayaji at Udaipur
Udaipur
Udaipur , also known as the City of Lakes, is a city, a Municipal Council and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan in western India. It is located southwest of the state capital, Jaipur, west of Kota, and northeast from Ahmedabad...

 on Friday, Vaishakh shukala 5 Vikram Samvat 1904 (in 1848 AD) and he was now known as Ratnavijay (early name of Rajendrasuri).
He had studied diligently the Jain scriptures, philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...

, literature
Literature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...

, grammar
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...

, rhetoric, lexicography, etc. under Acharya
Acharya
In Indian religions and society, an acharya is a guide or instructor in religious matters; founder, or leader of a sect; or a highly learned man or a title affixed to the names of learned men...

 Pramodsuri and Jain Monk
Monk
A monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, living either alone or with any number of monks, while always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose...

 Sagarchandji, the well-known yatis of the age and soon he acquired proficiency. Jain Acharya Dharanendrasuri was so much impressed by the profound scholarship of Rajendrasuri that he appointed him his daftari and entrusted the task of teaching the groups of yati disciples.

But soon Ratnavijay (Rajendrasuri) was disgusted with the princely and luxurious life of Dharanendrasuri, it was an utter disregard and contradiction to the Jain principles
Principles
Principles may refer to:*Value *Principles and parameters*Principles...

 of non-possession and non-violence. Consequently Rajendrasuri left Dharanendrasuri in 1864 AD and this was a turning point in the life of Rajendrasuri.

Now he raised his voice against the corrupt and luxurious life of the Jain yatis and condemned their abundance of possession and insisted on a pious ideal life in accordance with the principles laid down by Jain Tirthankaras and Jain holy scriptures.
After prolonged deliberations, he issued none-point manifes known as Nav-kalama to for the purpose and explained to the Jain world the significance of his nine principles of reform that the Jain yatis had to follow.
It was a vigorous attempts to reform the institution of Jain yati and place it on sound, simple and rational principles and get rid of its age old traditions and superstitions.
Though opposed in the initial stages, the attempts of Rajendrasuri were ultimately crowned with success.
His nine-point manifesto was accepted and recognized by the leading yatis and Jain monk of the age and even Acharya Dharanendrasuri also signed it. As a result of this the Jain yatis/Monk had given up their worldly life and surrendered their princely symbols like silver rods, chanwar, palkhi, arms, etc. to the Jain temples, and tool solemn oath to lead a life of purity, simplicity, celebacy, non-possession, non-violence, teaching and preaching.
Thus Rajendrasuri reformed and simplifies the Jain yati/monk institution, Tristutik
Tristutik
Tristutik was an origin of Tapa Gaccha of the Svetambara sect of Jainism.It was established in 1194 AD It was known as Agama Gaccha in ancient times.The Tristutik Gaccha was reformed by Acharya Rajendrasuri....

(tin thui) sect of Jainism
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

, and a new life of revivalism was infused in them. He opposed worship of other gods and goddesses in spite of Jain Tirthankar
Tirthankar
In Jainism, a ' |ford]]-Maker", ) is a human being who achieves moksa through asceticism and who then becomes a role-model and teacher for those seeking spiritual guidance....

s.

Rajendrasuri did not end at the reformation of the Jain yati institution, it was his first task of revival movement. His other achievements were restoration and reconstruction of Jain temples and installation of Jain images and establishment of different socio-religious organizations for the uplift of the Jains and propagation of Jainism
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

. Like a pious, true, diligent monk, devoted to the cause of Jainism
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

.
He walked from place to place in Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...

, Gujarat, Malwa, etc. teaching, preaching and infusing new spirit of the age among the people. He appealed to the masses by delivering his discourses in simple dialects of the people, the common spoken languages of the masses, - Malwi, Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...

, Marwari
Marwari language
The Marwari language , also variously Marvari, Marwadi, Marvadi), is spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Marwari is also found in the neighboring state of Gujarat and Haryana and in Eastern Pakistan...

, etc.
He inspired the Jain monks to study profoundly the Jain scriptures. He himself devoted to the deep study of Jain works.
He was bitterly opposed to the storage of Jain works in isolated places; he eagerly desired to bring them to light for the propagation of Jainism
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

. He himself wrote collected and edited certain important Jain works. He complied the famous Jain encyclopedia "Abhidan-Rajendra Kosh". It is a monumental work in seven volumes with more than 90 thousand pages. This work itself places Rajendrasuri on a high pedestal of Jain scholars and pioneers of religious movements of the nineteenth century.

Books

Important books with "Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa" (Encyclopedia-7 Volumes with 90 thousand pages) was an outstanding achievement of the 19th century. It has become an inspiration and an example for Jain encyclopedia efforts in our time. This text is widely consulted by Jain scholars. Ordinary Jains may not come across it, but it has significantly influenced study of Jainism.
written by Acharya Rajendrasuri include:
  • 1. Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa http://www.rajendrasuri.net
  • 2. Prakrit Vyakruti (Commentary on Grammar)
  • 3. Sri Kalpasutra Prabodhini (Commentary on the Kalpasutra
    Kalpasutra (Jain)
    The Kalpa Sūtra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras, most notably Parshvanath and Mahavira, including the latter's Nirvana...

    )
  • 4. Khartar Taskar Prabandh (Unpublished)
  • 5. Bhagawati Sutra Sateek
  • 6. Gachchhar Payanna
  • 7. Terapanth
    Terapanth
    Terapanth or Tera Panth may refer to:* Digambar Terapanth, a sect of the Digambara tradition of Jainism* Svetambar Terapanth, a sect of Svetambara Jainism-See also:Taran Panth, also a Digambar Jain sect, should not be confused with Terapanth...

     Prashnottar Vichara
  • 8. Shri Mahanishitha Sutra (fifth)
  • 9. Brahata sangrihani
  • 10. Upasaka Dashanga Sutra
  • 11.Prakrit
    Prakrit
    Prakrit is the name for a group of Middle Indic, Indo-Aryan languages, derived from Old Indic dialects. The word itself has a flexible definition, being defined sometimes as, "original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual", or "vernacular", in contrast to the literary and religious...

     Shabda Rupawali
  • 12.Deepmalika Katha (Story of Diwali
    Diwali
    Diwali or DeepavaliThe name of the festival in various regional languages include:, , , , , , , , , , , , , popularly known as the "festival of lights," is a festival celebrated between mid-October and mid-December for different reasons...

    )
  • 13.Holika Katha (Story of Holi
    Holi
    Holi , is a religious spring festival celebrated by Hindus. Holi is also known as festival of Colours. It is primarily observed in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and countries with large Indic diaspora populations following Hinduism, such as Suriname, Malaysia, Guyana, South Africa, Trinidad, United...

    )
  • 14.Shri Gandhara
    Gandhara
    Gandhāra , is the name of an ancient kingdom , located in northern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar, the Potohar plateau and on the Kabul River...

    vad
  • 15. Karma Vichar (Unpublished)
  • 16. Tatva Vichar (Unpublished)
  • 17. Sri Kalpasutra Balavabodh
  • 18. Sri Jinupadesh Manjiri
  • 19. Kalyanmandir Stotra (Commentary)
  • 20. Jyotirya Kalpalata
  • 21. Swarodhya-gyan and Yantravali
  • 22. Vichar-sar Prakranam
  • 23. Sanskrit
    Sanskrit
    Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

     Vyakarnam (Sanskrit grammar)
  • 24. Laghu Sanghgrahani
  • 25. Amarkosh (Original)
  • 26. Navpad Puja Prasnothar
  • 27. Upadhan Vidhi
  • 28. Sratakatriyam (Bhatruhari)
  • 29. Chandrika Vyakaranam
  • 30. Kavyaprakash Mulamam
  • 31. Varnamala
  • 32.Upasaka Dashang Sutra
  • 33.Ek Sou Aath bol
  • 33.Upadesh Ratna saara
  • 34.Treloyaka Deepika Yantravali
  • 35.Karna Granth (four)
  • 36.Saptati Shatasthan Yantravali
  • 37.Dwashisth Margana Yantravali
  • 38.Shada Dravya Vichara
  • 39.Sidhnta Prakash
  • 40.Asthanhika Vyakhyana
  • 41.Sindura Prakara-satika
  • 42.Bhayhara Stotra


The original copy of each of the books are stored in Gayna Bhandar, Ahor
Ahor
Ahor or Ahore is a village in Jalore District of Rajasthan state in India. It is situated 17 km east of the Jalore on Jalore-Sanderao road. It is the headquarters of the tehsil by the same name.-Geography:Aho-Bhenswara...

, Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...

, in Jaora
Jaora
Jaora is a city and a municipality in Ratlam district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jaora is located in the Malwa region, between Ratlam and Neemuch. It was the capital of the princely state of Jaora before independence...

, Mohankheda in Madhya Pradesh and Tharad
Tharad
Tharad is a town in Tharad taluka in the Banaskantha district of the state of Gujarat in India. It is the administrative center of Tharad taluka. Tharad is near the border of Gujarat, 40 km from the border with Pakistan and 15 km from the Indian state of Rajasthan...

 and Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad also known as Karnavati is the largest city in Gujarat, India. It is the former capital of Gujarat and is also the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court has its seat in Ahmedabad...

 in Gujarat.

Kaaldharma (Swargarohan)

On the 21st December Friday 1906 AD, Vikram Samvat 1963 Pous Shukla Saptami , the great helping nature, Religious-Preacher Acharya Rajendrasuri laid down his body for the Moksha Prapti (for heaven) till death in a still Samadhi. A great saint who was in his own a different kind having same date of birth and death.

Samadhi Mandir

Even after 100 years, Shri Mohan Kheda Tirth (Rajgadh-Dhar
Dhar
Dhār is located in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dhar District. The town is located west of Mhow, above sea level...

, M.P.) is one of the most reputed holy place for Shwetambar Murtipujaka
Murtipujaka
Murtipujaka, also known as Deravasi, is the term for a sect of Jainism that includes most Svetambaras.Murtipujaka Svetambaras differ from Sthanakvasi Svetambaras in that their derasars contain idols of the Tirthankaras instead of empty rooms....

 all over the world. Every year devotees from all over world (in lakhs) gather here to attain the Spiritual and Chamatkarik Aarti of Acharya Rajendrasuri on his birth and Samadhi
Samadhi
Samadhi in Hinduism, Buddhism,Jainism, Sikhism and yogic schools is a higher level of concentrated meditation, or dhyāna. In the yoga tradition, it is the eighth and final limb identified in the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali....

 day by Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...

 calendar month posha
Posha
The Lom people or Bosha are an ethnic group of Transcaucasia.Their Lomavren language is a mixed language combining Indo-Aryan and Armenian.-History:...

 Shukla Saptami.

The year 2006 is celebrated as Shatabdi Mahotsava, in memory of 100 years of Samadhi
Samadhi
Samadhi in Hinduism, Buddhism,Jainism, Sikhism and yogic schools is a higher level of concentrated meditation, or dhyāna. In the yoga tradition, it is the eighth and final limb identified in the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali....

 of Rajendrasuri at Mohan Kheda Tirth in Dhar
Dhar
Dhār is located in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dhar District. The town is located west of Mhow, above sea level...

 district of Madhya Pradeesh in India.


A Book has been Published By Swetambar Jain Weekly News Paper to Mark Cenetary Celebration of Swargarohan of Acharya Rajendrasuriji giving complete details of all the GURU Mandirs (temples) dedicated to Acharya Shri Rajendrasuriji Maharaj.

Famous Temples dedicated to Acharya Rajendrasuri

  • Shri Rajendrasuri Jain Guru Mandir, Santhu
    Santhu
    Santhu or Santhoo is a village in Jalore district of Marwar region in Rajasthan state in India...

    , Bagra (Marwar), Jalore
    Jalore
    Jalor, also known as Jalore , is a city in Rajasthan state of western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Jalor District.- Geography :...

     district, Rajasthan, India with an artistic mirror work on the walls of temple is a beautiful place of Jain pilgrimage.
  • Shri Vasupujya Jain Temple along with Guru Mandir of Rajendrasuri, Chennai-3, Tamil Nadu.
  • Shri Rajendra Jain Guru Mandir, 8th Kamathipura Lane, Mumbai, Maharastra.
  • Shri Rajendra Guru Mandir, Monakheda, Mona, Thane District, Maharastra.
  • Shri Guru Rajendra Shatabdhi Tirth, NH 4, Sri Perambadur, Chennai
  • Shri Dadawadi, Adinath Temple, Daspan, Dist. Jalore, Rajasthan.
  • Shri Rajendra nagar thirth,Devispeta,Nellore dist.,Andhra Pradesh

Rajendrasuri's successor Jain Acharyas

According to Jain tradition the succession of Acharya Rajendrasuri is as follows:
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Dhanachandra surishwar Ji (1839–1920)
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Bhupendra surishwar Ji (1887–1936)
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Yatindra surishwar Ji (1883–1960)
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Vidhyachandra surishwar Ji (1906–1982)
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Acharya Jayantsen Suriswarji (1936-current)
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Hemendra Surishwar Ji
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Tirthendra Surishwar Ji
  • Acharya ShriMadvijay Labdhichandra Surishwar Ji

External links

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